Shawn Cap presented on his cultural identity. He identified himself as a white American male with a Puerto Rican ethnic background who has diverse relationships.
This document provides information about a cultural project assignment for students. They will be creating a personal website exploring their culture and heritage. The website must be a minimum of 4 pages and include navigation links. Students must complete two assignments - a family interview and a personal introduction. They also must select three projects from options including a family tree, art discovery, folktale, video, music, and recipe. The document describes examples of different levels for each project type. The goal is for students to learn about their cultural backgrounds and share what they discover.
Culture is defined as the knowledge, values, attitudes, and traditions that guide group behavior and allow people to solve problems. Multicultural education rejects the idea of assimilation and teaches the value of diversity through curriculum changes and an empowering school environment. Social class differences like socioeconomic status affect student outcomes through factors like health, expectations, and parenting styles. Ethnic and racial minorities face challenges from cultural conflicts, discrimination, and stereotypes that can impact achievement and identity formation. Schools aim to overcome these challenges through family/community partnerships, communication, volunteering opportunities, and decision-making roles for all stakeholders.
The document summarizes key findings from the World Cities Culture Report 2015 regarding the relationship between culture and the success of world cities. It finds that culture plays an integral role in world cities' continued economic growth, attracting talent and investment, and enhancing soft power. Culture supports world cities' roles as hubs of innovation and exchange by fostering creativity and new ideas. While culture has helped cities address challenges, economic success also risks pricing out local culture. Overall, the report shows that culture acts as a "golden thread" across all areas of urban policy and is a key ingredient for city success.
This document is a report on cross-cultural communication in England submitted by Badal Solapurwala to Mrs. Richa Agarwal at Auro University. The report provides information on various aspects of English culture, including religion, government, politics, people, etiquette for meetings, body language, business culture, dining etiquette, and dress code. It aims to help the reader learn about different cultural practices in England.
This document from 1960-1980 discusses the counter culture movement centered around sexual liberation, psychedelic drugs, political activism for equal rights and anti-war efforts. Key events included the Vietnam War, assassinations of JFK and MLK, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Iconic musical artists like the Beatles, Bob Dylan, and Jimi Hendrix emerged alongside counterculture films like Easy Rider and television shows addressing social issues.
This document discusses culture, communication, and customs of learning in the classroom. It addresses 3 main themes: culture, communication, and customs of learning. For example, culture influences communication patterns and approaches to learning. Communication needs to be viewed within its cultural context as patterns differ across countries and institutions. There are also cultural differences in assumptions about appropriate language, conversational norms, approaches to teaching methods, and perceptions of roles like teachers and students. Overall, the document stresses recognizing different cultural experiences to develop culturally appropriate learning practices.
The document discusses hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL). It provides an overview of reinforcement learning and Markov decision processes before introducing HRL. HRL can improve performance by decomposing problems into subproblems using temporal and state abstraction. Several HRL approaches are described, including options which define subpolicies and termination conditions. The document outlines future work, such as automated discovery of subgoals and state abstractions, and developing agents that can continually learn across tasks.
Hard to measure: Company Culture Report Summary FindingsJames Bridgman
Company Culture, in many ways, is the most 'hard to measure' area of business that we have covered so far. With critical psychological, social and relationship dynamics, culture is something that is much talked about when it is distinctive and unique, often ignored when a more prosaic part of business life. Yet culture has profound impact on team and leadership effectiveness, employee retention and motivation, customer service, 'brand alignment', collaboration and ability to innovate. So how can we understand which issues are the most important to address for an effective company culture? How can we utilise ways to measure and monitor its impact on performance (if at all possible)? Finally, are there ways of understanding culture that can be integrated into a business strategy that is genuinely useful?
With the rapid pace of change in the business world, increasing internationalisation, and the rise of the 'nerdocracy' businesses based on a model of rapid, 'lean' and disruptive development (usually web based), how can you use your company culture to compete?
This presentation summarises the findings from the Hard to Measure roundtable event, which will be published in a report available on www.hardtomeasure.com in June.
This document provides information about a cultural project assignment for students. They will be creating a personal website exploring their culture and heritage. The website must be a minimum of 4 pages and include navigation links. Students must complete two assignments - a family interview and a personal introduction. They also must select three projects from options including a family tree, art discovery, folktale, video, music, and recipe. The document describes examples of different levels for each project type. The goal is for students to learn about their cultural backgrounds and share what they discover.
Culture is defined as the knowledge, values, attitudes, and traditions that guide group behavior and allow people to solve problems. Multicultural education rejects the idea of assimilation and teaches the value of diversity through curriculum changes and an empowering school environment. Social class differences like socioeconomic status affect student outcomes through factors like health, expectations, and parenting styles. Ethnic and racial minorities face challenges from cultural conflicts, discrimination, and stereotypes that can impact achievement and identity formation. Schools aim to overcome these challenges through family/community partnerships, communication, volunteering opportunities, and decision-making roles for all stakeholders.
The document summarizes key findings from the World Cities Culture Report 2015 regarding the relationship between culture and the success of world cities. It finds that culture plays an integral role in world cities' continued economic growth, attracting talent and investment, and enhancing soft power. Culture supports world cities' roles as hubs of innovation and exchange by fostering creativity and new ideas. While culture has helped cities address challenges, economic success also risks pricing out local culture. Overall, the report shows that culture acts as a "golden thread" across all areas of urban policy and is a key ingredient for city success.
This document is a report on cross-cultural communication in England submitted by Badal Solapurwala to Mrs. Richa Agarwal at Auro University. The report provides information on various aspects of English culture, including religion, government, politics, people, etiquette for meetings, body language, business culture, dining etiquette, and dress code. It aims to help the reader learn about different cultural practices in England.
This document from 1960-1980 discusses the counter culture movement centered around sexual liberation, psychedelic drugs, political activism for equal rights and anti-war efforts. Key events included the Vietnam War, assassinations of JFK and MLK, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Iconic musical artists like the Beatles, Bob Dylan, and Jimi Hendrix emerged alongside counterculture films like Easy Rider and television shows addressing social issues.
This document discusses culture, communication, and customs of learning in the classroom. It addresses 3 main themes: culture, communication, and customs of learning. For example, culture influences communication patterns and approaches to learning. Communication needs to be viewed within its cultural context as patterns differ across countries and institutions. There are also cultural differences in assumptions about appropriate language, conversational norms, approaches to teaching methods, and perceptions of roles like teachers and students. Overall, the document stresses recognizing different cultural experiences to develop culturally appropriate learning practices.
The document discusses hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL). It provides an overview of reinforcement learning and Markov decision processes before introducing HRL. HRL can improve performance by decomposing problems into subproblems using temporal and state abstraction. Several HRL approaches are described, including options which define subpolicies and termination conditions. The document outlines future work, such as automated discovery of subgoals and state abstractions, and developing agents that can continually learn across tasks.
Hard to measure: Company Culture Report Summary FindingsJames Bridgman
Company Culture, in many ways, is the most 'hard to measure' area of business that we have covered so far. With critical psychological, social and relationship dynamics, culture is something that is much talked about when it is distinctive and unique, often ignored when a more prosaic part of business life. Yet culture has profound impact on team and leadership effectiveness, employee retention and motivation, customer service, 'brand alignment', collaboration and ability to innovate. So how can we understand which issues are the most important to address for an effective company culture? How can we utilise ways to measure and monitor its impact on performance (if at all possible)? Finally, are there ways of understanding culture that can be integrated into a business strategy that is genuinely useful?
With the rapid pace of change in the business world, increasing internationalisation, and the rise of the 'nerdocracy' businesses based on a model of rapid, 'lean' and disruptive development (usually web based), how can you use your company culture to compete?
This presentation summarises the findings from the Hard to Measure roundtable event, which will be published in a report available on www.hardtomeasure.com in June.
1. The document discusses intercultural communication and examines the role of culture and perception in communicating across cultures.
2. It explores various verbal communication styles and nonverbal behaviors across cultures as well as challenges in intercultural communication.
3. The document provides suggestions for effective intercultural communication such as being aware of different communication styles, using common words, learning about other cultures, and being respectful and open-minded.
Axact - OB report on Organizational CultureFayaz T
Axact had a dynamic training program to motivate new employees and instill organizational culture. The training explained goals around sales targets and used success stories to boost morale. Axact encouraged open communication and task delegation to reduce conflict and allow flexible decision making. Organizational discipline was also enforced by issuing notices to employees who were late or disruptive. The training prepared new employees to be productive and aligned with Axact's vision, though the recommendation is to not require excessive hours from new employees during probation as it reduces motivation.
Culture is made up of components like overall culture, subcultures, and social class. Characteristics of culture include personal factors such as age and life cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, and personality self-concept. This presentation will discuss the components and characteristics of culture.
This document discusses the relationship between culture, communication, and conflict. It defines culture as shared interpretations that affect group behavior and is expressed through communication patterns. Communication can be high or low context depending on the relationship, situation, and purpose. Cultural fluency and self-knowledge are important for resolving conflict, which is often cultural in nature. Cultures also differ in their emphasis on community versus individual autonomy and how this impacts responses to conflict.
The document discusses several key concepts related to intercultural communication:
1) Intercultural communication involves interactions between people from distinct cultural backgrounds that can alter the communication event due to different cultural perspectives and symbol systems.
2) Globalization can be viewed anthropologically as worldwide interconnectedness through global movements of resources, goods, labor, finance, information, and diseases.
3) Contextual communication occurs in particular situations or systems that influence what and how we communicate and the meanings we attach to messages. Cultural context, environmental context, occasion, and time are elements associated with the contextual nature of communication.
Culture and Nonverbal Communication in ItalySNash53328
Italian culture places great importance on nonverbal communication. Music, art, gestures, eye contact, touching and appearance all convey important cultural meanings in Italy. Music and opera have long been an integral part of Italian society. Art from early frescoes to Renaissance masterpieces often featured religious subjects and conveyed emotions. Italians rely heavily on gestures, maintaining eye contact, and physical touching like kissing cheeks when greeting. What you wear and how you present yourself also communicates nonverbally in Italy's appearance-focused culture.
Relationships between communication and culturexochitlfaro
Communication both inspires and forms the foundation for culture. Worldviews, values, and norms are three key manifestations of culture that help make sense of intercultural interactions. Worldviews are abstract notions about how the world operates, values reflect beliefs about how the world should be, and norms are social rules for appropriate behavior. Communication between groups enables the sharing of behaviors and traits that comprise common cultures.
High context cross culture communication of india Vikram M. Nimbal
This document provides an overview of cultural communication aspects in India. It discusses that India has a 5000 year old civilization with over 3000 languages spoken. It describes India's value systems as patriarchal and religious. Hinduism and Islam are the main religions. Greetings like Namaskar are common and respect is shown through titles. Arranged marriage and conservative dress are traditions. Business meetings emphasize relationships and flexibility. Decision making is slow and negotiations celebrate with meals. India celebrates diverse religious and national festivals. Respecting customs helps when communicating across cultures in India.
This document discusses the relationship between communication and culture. It defines communication as the transmission of messages between people and defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, and habits of a society. The document presents a model showing how culture influences communication and explores how factors like language, perceptions, and high/low context styles can impact cross-cultural interactions. It provides tips for improving cross-cultural communication such as enhancing message clarity, ensuring comprehension, and minimizing breakdowns. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding how different cultural contexts can influence the communication process.
A guest Lecture by Obioha Durunna for ALES204: Communications: Theory & Practise class run by Dr. Jessica Laccetti. Obi regaled the class with examples of how easy it is to misunderstand cultures different from our own and that tolerance is key.
Culture - AS Communications and CultureGordon Graham
This document discusses the historical development of the concepts of "high culture" and "low culture". In the 19th century, Matthew Arnold separated British cultural production into these two categories, with "high culture" referring to works like Shakespeare that were meant to civilize the masses. This idea was developed further by critics like F.R. Leavis and the Frankfurt School, who saw popular or low culture as something to be discouraged or that numbed people. However, postwar thinkers like Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart argued that popular culture is part of a society's cultural conversation and should be studied seriously rather than dismissed. This led to the emergence of new academic fields like cultural studies that consider all aspects of culture rather than dividing them
The culture of Bangladesh is diverse and includes various forms of music, dance, drama, art, languages, philosophy, religion, festivals, cuisine, and traditions. Some key aspects of Bangladeshi culture are:
1) Music styles include classical, folk, and modern genres. Traditional folk songs and instruments remain influential in Bangladeshi culture.
2) Festivals and celebrations are an integral part of Bangladeshi culture, with widely celebrated holidays including Pohela Boishakh, Independence Day, Eid al-Fitr, Durga Puja, and others.
3) Traditional marriage ceremonies in Bangladesh follow long-standing customs and bring together friends and family through celebrations over multiple days.
The culture of Bangladesh has evolved over centuries and includes diverse traditions from various social groups. It is manifested in music, dance, drama, art, crafts, folklore, languages, literature, philosophy, religion, festivals, celebrations, cuisine and other customs. Some defining aspects of Bangladeshi culture include festivals like Pohela Boishakh, Eid, and Durga Puja; folk music genres like Bhatiali and Baul; traditional marriage customs; and dishes like biryani and desserts like sandesh and rasgulla. The Bengal Renaissance contributed greatly to developing Bengali culture in the 19th-20th centuries.
Understanding the Mahadasha of Shukra (Venus): Effects and RemediesAstro Pathshala
The Mahadasha of Shukra (Venus) is one of the most significant periods in Vedic astrology. Shukra is known as the planet of love, beauty, wealth, and luxury. Its Mahadasha can bring about profound changes in an individual's life, both positive and negative, depending on its placement and condition in the natal chart.
What is Shukra Mahadasha?
Mahadasha is a planetary period in Vedic astrology that affects various aspects of an individual's life for a specific number of years. The Mahadasha of Shukra lasts for 20 years and is known to bring a period of significant transformation. Shukra is associated with pleasures, creativity, relationships, and material comforts. During its Mahadasha, these areas of life tend to get highlighted.
Biography and career history of Bruno AmezcuaBruno Amezcua
Bruno Amezcua's entry into the film and visual arts world seemed predestined. His grandfather, a distinguished film editor from the 1950s through the 1970s, profoundly influenced him. This familial mentorship early on exposed him to the nuances of film production and a broad array of fine arts, igniting a lifelong passion for narrative creation. Over 15 years, Bruno has engaged in diverse projects showcasing his dedication to the arts.
Care Instructions for Activewear & Swim Suits.pdfsundazesurf80
SunDaze Surf offers top swimwear tips: choose high-quality, UV-protective fabrics to shield your skin. Opt for secure fits that withstand waves and active movement. Bright colors enhance visibility, while adjustable straps ensure comfort. Prioritize styles with good support, like racerbacks or underwire tops, for active beach days. Always rinse swimwear after use to maintain fabric integrity.
Amid the constant barrage of distractions and dwindling motivation, self-discipline emerges as the unwavering beacon that guides individuals toward triumph. This vital quality serves as the key to unlocking one’s true potential, whether the aspiration is to attain personal goals, ascend the career ladder, or refine everyday habits.
Understanding Self-Discipline
At Affordable Garage Door Repair, we specialize in both residential and commercial garage door services, ensuring your property is secure and your doors are running smoothly.
1. The document discusses intercultural communication and examines the role of culture and perception in communicating across cultures.
2. It explores various verbal communication styles and nonverbal behaviors across cultures as well as challenges in intercultural communication.
3. The document provides suggestions for effective intercultural communication such as being aware of different communication styles, using common words, learning about other cultures, and being respectful and open-minded.
Axact - OB report on Organizational CultureFayaz T
Axact had a dynamic training program to motivate new employees and instill organizational culture. The training explained goals around sales targets and used success stories to boost morale. Axact encouraged open communication and task delegation to reduce conflict and allow flexible decision making. Organizational discipline was also enforced by issuing notices to employees who were late or disruptive. The training prepared new employees to be productive and aligned with Axact's vision, though the recommendation is to not require excessive hours from new employees during probation as it reduces motivation.
Culture is made up of components like overall culture, subcultures, and social class. Characteristics of culture include personal factors such as age and life cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, and personality self-concept. This presentation will discuss the components and characteristics of culture.
This document discusses the relationship between culture, communication, and conflict. It defines culture as shared interpretations that affect group behavior and is expressed through communication patterns. Communication can be high or low context depending on the relationship, situation, and purpose. Cultural fluency and self-knowledge are important for resolving conflict, which is often cultural in nature. Cultures also differ in their emphasis on community versus individual autonomy and how this impacts responses to conflict.
The document discusses several key concepts related to intercultural communication:
1) Intercultural communication involves interactions between people from distinct cultural backgrounds that can alter the communication event due to different cultural perspectives and symbol systems.
2) Globalization can be viewed anthropologically as worldwide interconnectedness through global movements of resources, goods, labor, finance, information, and diseases.
3) Contextual communication occurs in particular situations or systems that influence what and how we communicate and the meanings we attach to messages. Cultural context, environmental context, occasion, and time are elements associated with the contextual nature of communication.
Culture and Nonverbal Communication in ItalySNash53328
Italian culture places great importance on nonverbal communication. Music, art, gestures, eye contact, touching and appearance all convey important cultural meanings in Italy. Music and opera have long been an integral part of Italian society. Art from early frescoes to Renaissance masterpieces often featured religious subjects and conveyed emotions. Italians rely heavily on gestures, maintaining eye contact, and physical touching like kissing cheeks when greeting. What you wear and how you present yourself also communicates nonverbally in Italy's appearance-focused culture.
Relationships between communication and culturexochitlfaro
Communication both inspires and forms the foundation for culture. Worldviews, values, and norms are three key manifestations of culture that help make sense of intercultural interactions. Worldviews are abstract notions about how the world operates, values reflect beliefs about how the world should be, and norms are social rules for appropriate behavior. Communication between groups enables the sharing of behaviors and traits that comprise common cultures.
High context cross culture communication of india Vikram M. Nimbal
This document provides an overview of cultural communication aspects in India. It discusses that India has a 5000 year old civilization with over 3000 languages spoken. It describes India's value systems as patriarchal and religious. Hinduism and Islam are the main religions. Greetings like Namaskar are common and respect is shown through titles. Arranged marriage and conservative dress are traditions. Business meetings emphasize relationships and flexibility. Decision making is slow and negotiations celebrate with meals. India celebrates diverse religious and national festivals. Respecting customs helps when communicating across cultures in India.
This document discusses the relationship between communication and culture. It defines communication as the transmission of messages between people and defines culture as the knowledge, beliefs, and habits of a society. The document presents a model showing how culture influences communication and explores how factors like language, perceptions, and high/low context styles can impact cross-cultural interactions. It provides tips for improving cross-cultural communication such as enhancing message clarity, ensuring comprehension, and minimizing breakdowns. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding how different cultural contexts can influence the communication process.
A guest Lecture by Obioha Durunna for ALES204: Communications: Theory & Practise class run by Dr. Jessica Laccetti. Obi regaled the class with examples of how easy it is to misunderstand cultures different from our own and that tolerance is key.
Culture - AS Communications and CultureGordon Graham
This document discusses the historical development of the concepts of "high culture" and "low culture". In the 19th century, Matthew Arnold separated British cultural production into these two categories, with "high culture" referring to works like Shakespeare that were meant to civilize the masses. This idea was developed further by critics like F.R. Leavis and the Frankfurt School, who saw popular or low culture as something to be discouraged or that numbed people. However, postwar thinkers like Raymond Williams and Richard Hoggart argued that popular culture is part of a society's cultural conversation and should be studied seriously rather than dismissed. This led to the emergence of new academic fields like cultural studies that consider all aspects of culture rather than dividing them
The culture of Bangladesh is diverse and includes various forms of music, dance, drama, art, languages, philosophy, religion, festivals, cuisine, and traditions. Some key aspects of Bangladeshi culture are:
1) Music styles include classical, folk, and modern genres. Traditional folk songs and instruments remain influential in Bangladeshi culture.
2) Festivals and celebrations are an integral part of Bangladeshi culture, with widely celebrated holidays including Pohela Boishakh, Independence Day, Eid al-Fitr, Durga Puja, and others.
3) Traditional marriage ceremonies in Bangladesh follow long-standing customs and bring together friends and family through celebrations over multiple days.
The culture of Bangladesh has evolved over centuries and includes diverse traditions from various social groups. It is manifested in music, dance, drama, art, crafts, folklore, languages, literature, philosophy, religion, festivals, celebrations, cuisine and other customs. Some defining aspects of Bangladeshi culture include festivals like Pohela Boishakh, Eid, and Durga Puja; folk music genres like Bhatiali and Baul; traditional marriage customs; and dishes like biryani and desserts like sandesh and rasgulla. The Bengal Renaissance contributed greatly to developing Bengali culture in the 19th-20th centuries.
Understanding the Mahadasha of Shukra (Venus): Effects and RemediesAstro Pathshala
The Mahadasha of Shukra (Venus) is one of the most significant periods in Vedic astrology. Shukra is known as the planet of love, beauty, wealth, and luxury. Its Mahadasha can bring about profound changes in an individual's life, both positive and negative, depending on its placement and condition in the natal chart.
What is Shukra Mahadasha?
Mahadasha is a planetary period in Vedic astrology that affects various aspects of an individual's life for a specific number of years. The Mahadasha of Shukra lasts for 20 years and is known to bring a period of significant transformation. Shukra is associated with pleasures, creativity, relationships, and material comforts. During its Mahadasha, these areas of life tend to get highlighted.
Biography and career history of Bruno AmezcuaBruno Amezcua
Bruno Amezcua's entry into the film and visual arts world seemed predestined. His grandfather, a distinguished film editor from the 1950s through the 1970s, profoundly influenced him. This familial mentorship early on exposed him to the nuances of film production and a broad array of fine arts, igniting a lifelong passion for narrative creation. Over 15 years, Bruno has engaged in diverse projects showcasing his dedication to the arts.
Care Instructions for Activewear & Swim Suits.pdfsundazesurf80
SunDaze Surf offers top swimwear tips: choose high-quality, UV-protective fabrics to shield your skin. Opt for secure fits that withstand waves and active movement. Bright colors enhance visibility, while adjustable straps ensure comfort. Prioritize styles with good support, like racerbacks or underwire tops, for active beach days. Always rinse swimwear after use to maintain fabric integrity.
Amid the constant barrage of distractions and dwindling motivation, self-discipline emerges as the unwavering beacon that guides individuals toward triumph. This vital quality serves as the key to unlocking one’s true potential, whether the aspiration is to attain personal goals, ascend the career ladder, or refine everyday habits.
Understanding Self-Discipline
At Affordable Garage Door Repair, we specialize in both residential and commercial garage door services, ensuring your property is secure and your doors are running smoothly.
MRS PUNE 2024 - WINNER AMRUTHAA UTTAM JAGDHANEDK PAGEANT
Amruthaa Uttam Jagdhane, a stunning woman from Pune, has won the esteemed title of Mrs. India 2024, which is given out by the Dk Exhibition. Her journey to this prestigious accomplishment is a confirmation of her faithful assurance, extraordinary gifts, and profound commitment to enabling women.
The Fascinating World of Bats: Unveiling the Secrets of the Nightthomasard1122
The Fascinating World of Bats: Unveiling the Secrets of the Night
Bats, the mysterious creatures of the night, have long been a source of fascination and fear for humans. With their eerie squeaks and fluttering wings, they have captured our imagination and sparked our curiosity. Yet, beyond the myths and legends, bats are fascinating creatures that play a vital role in our ecosystem.
There are over 1,300 species of bats, ranging from the tiny Kitti's hog-nosed bat to the majestic flying foxes. These winged mammals are found in almost every corner of the globe, from the scorching deserts to the lush rainforests. Their diversity is a testament to their adaptability and resilience.
Bats are insectivores, feeding on a vast array of insects, from mosquitoes to beetles. A single bat can consume up to 1,200 insects in an hour, making them a crucial part of our pest control system. By preying on insects that damage crops, bats save the agricultural industry billions of dollars each year.
But bats are not just useful; they are also fascinating creatures. Their ability to fly in complete darkness, using echolocation to navigate and hunt, is a remarkable feat of evolution. They are also social animals, living in colonies and communicating with each other through a complex system of calls and body language.
Despite their importance, bats face numerous threats, from habitat destruction to climate change. Many species are endangered, and conservation efforts are necessary to protect these magnificent creatures.
In conclusion, bats are more than just creatures of the night; they are a vital part of our ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining the balance of nature. By learning more about these fascinating animals, we can appreciate their importance and work to protect them for generations to come. So, let us embrace the beauty and mystery of bats, and celebrate their unique place in our world.