The document summarizes several theorists' ideas about common patterns and elements in narratives across different media. Vladimir Propp identified common stock characters that reappear in stories. Levi-Strauss discussed binary oppositions or conflicts. Roland Barthes identified five codes that engage audiences. Andrew Goodwin outlined five key aspects to look for in music videos, including narrative and how the video relates to the song. Examples of music videos are provided that illustrate concepts from some of the different theories.