The document discusses education in early and later Rome, noting that in early Rome education was done by parents but later students were sent to schools as parents had less time. It also explains that higher education focused on rhetoric and public speaking declined as students lost interest, but declamations remained popular. Requirements for girls prior to marriage in Rome included marrying at a young age to have many children due to lack of medicine, and traditions like wearing red shoes at weddings.

1. Welcome to the Museum of
Roman Daily Life & Education
Higher Education: Later
Education in
Education in
Weddings &
Early Rome
Back Wall
Later Rome
Artifact
Artifact
Age
22
Museum Entrance
Rome
Marrige
Curator’s
Offices

2. Maddy Larson and Erin Dingley
Curator’s Office
Madeline Larson and Erin Dingley are good
friends that go to south orange middle school
together and are in 8th grade. They are in Ms. Place your picture
Karis’s fourth period social studies class and here.
worked hard on this museum project together.
Maddy: maddy0617@gmail.com
Erin: skatergirl99@synchrofamily.com
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3. Early Education
Room 1
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4. Education in Later Rome
Room 2
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5. Weddings and Age
Room 3
Artifact
10
Artifact
11
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6. Higher Education: Later Rome
Room 4
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7. Marriage
Room 5
Artifact
18
Artifact
19
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8. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
The Romans altered the Greek’s idea of
education to make it conform to their ideas
and practices. Like most other cultures,
the earliest Roman people believed in the
importance of the land. They valued
cooperation, simplicity, self reliance,
discipline, and hard work. Early Roman
education attempted to preserve those
ideas.
"Education and Health in Anceint Rome." Facts
and Details. N.p., n.d. Web. 18
Feb. 2013. <http://factsanddetails.com>.
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Exhibit

9. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
During the earlier years of Roman education,
most people distrusted professional teachers,
especially Greeks and upper class citizens who
were taught by their parents. Girls were taught
by their mothers who until the age of 12 or 13
when their education was considered complete
and they married. Boys were trained by their
fathers between the ages 7 and 16 and were
expected to do everything they did. The boys
were taught how to read, fight in armor, ride a
horse, swim, and endure hardship. It was most
important for them to learn their family’s "Education in Ancient Rome." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d.
Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
traditions. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Ancien
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t_Rome>.
Exhibit

10. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
At the age of 16 a boy’s education was
considered complete. His child toga was
replaced with a pure white one to signify that he
was an adult. Early Roman education focused
on wisdom and experience to be learned from
the elders of the community. Because of this,
after the young man’s ceremony, he was an
apprentice to an older man who trained him in
public service. He followed the elder around like
he did when the young man was being
educated by his father. The young man was
trained in the art of public speaking and then formanromanum.org. Scott, Foresman and
served in the army for one year. Company, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.forumromanum.org/life/johnston>.
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11. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
Not as much detailed information is
known on the lower class children.
Women had a much simpler
education because they were
forced to stay in the house for their
entire lives. Also, they married
younger than men and were taught
simpler things than them.
Little Girl's Education. Humanities Hub. N.p., n.d.
Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
<http://teachers.saschina.org>.
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Exhibit

12. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
By the middle of the first century BC,
education based on family tradition was no
longer considered appropriate. By that
point, the government had become a
leading military power. Fathers were
usually away from home and couldn’t
educate their children. Mothers were
involved with social concerns and weren’t
inclined to teach their children. So, at age
6 or 7 a child went to elementary school to
learn reading, writing, and simple math, Roman School in Trier in Germany about AD. N.d.
much like today. wall art.
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/people/
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school.htm.
Exhibit

13. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
Lessons were from dawn to mid afternoon
and students had every eighth day off with
short breaks in winter and spring and a
long break during summer. The children
would sit on stools with wooden tablets on
their knees and copied pieces of literature
onto sheets of papyrus paper and then
memorized and recited them. Discipline
was very strict and those who did poorly
were punished. However, they would
sometimes receive small cakes for doing Unknown. writing tablet. N.d. writing tablet.
well. thebritishmuseum.orgexplore/
highlights/highlight_image.aspx?
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image=ps089261.jpg&retpage=21302
Exhibit

14. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
The late first century AD is when the
government began to support education.
At that time, most educated Romans knew
both Latin and Greek. The late first century
BC was when both Latin and Greek
literatures were in the curriculum. As time
went on, bilingualism, or the ability to
speak two languages declined. Students
were being taught to not to appreciate the
works of authors, but to view literature as
practical sources for strengthening their "Greek, Roman, and Etruscan Art." LACMA. N.p.,
own language skills. n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.lacma.org/art/collection/greek-roman-
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and-etruscan-art>
Exhibit

15. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
Students were taught to read texts out
loud, memorize the, and analyze their
grammar. Boredom was reduced by
talking about myths, history, geography,
and science. Subjects that were a big deal
and a large part of education were
considered unmanly in Rome and sports
and athleticism were only for soldiers
there.
Farell, Richard. "Cradles of Education - Ancient
Rome." Foregin Credits. N.p.,
15 Jan. 2011. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
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<http://www.foreigncredits.com/Articles/
Exhibit
cradles-of-education-ancient-rome-110.htm>

16. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient Rome prior
to marriage.
Age was not the most important marrigiable
requirement for girls, although it was important.
Usually girls would be married at the age of 12
or 13. Some girls were unable to have children
by the time they got married. The girls needed
to be younger so they could start having
children of their own; about once every year.
This is because the Ancient Romans did not
have the advanced medicine and the
knowledge we have today. Therefore the baby
might not make it, or the father would choose
not to keep the baby. Woman at the age of 20
would most likely die in childbirth. Unknown. Limestone Grave Marker. 4th century B.C. Grave
Marker. http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-
collections/ 130002503?
rpp=20&pg=1&gallerynos=175&ft=*&pos=9, New York.
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17. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient Rome prior
to marriage.
In Ancient Roman times there was a traditional
way the wedding would happen. First, as a
symbol of engagement the man (or boy) would
place an iron ring on the middle finger of the left
hand on his fiancée. Then on the wedding day
the bride would wear red shoes and a red vail.
Her hair would be parted with a spear that has
killed a gladiator for good luck; and her hair
would be put up in 6 parts to look like a cone.
When the wedding is over the groom would
pick up the bride and carry her through the Unknown. Glass Medallion with the Bust of a Woman or Goddess.
threshold of their new house, with the frame of
1st century A.D. Pin a woman would wear.
http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/ search-the-
the door covered with oil and fat.
collections/130000174?
rpp=20&pg=1&gallerynos=176&ft=*&pos=3, New York
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Exhibit

18. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient Rome prior
to marriage.
In Ancient Rome a woman would be considered
deviant or have been departed from usual or
expected standards by the age of 20. This is
because by then the woman would not be able
to have as many children. Also, the woman
would be considered to old to be a respectable
bride. The husband is usually between the ages
of 14 to 30. If the woman was 20 then it would
be hard to find a husband that would be
significantly older then her, and it would be
harder to take care of her. - - -. Silver Handle of a Large Dish. 2nd–early 3rd
century A.D. Handle to a pot.
http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-
collections/130007998, New York.
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Exhibit

19. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient
Rome prior to marriage.
In Ancient Rome there were two types of
marriage. One was the more
traditional/conventional called conventio in
manum which is when the bride became a
member of her husband’s family. She would
loose her rights of her old family such as
inheritance. The wife was now in the hands of
her husband and not her father. The other type
of marriage was the free marriage, sine manu.
This form of marriage is when the wife would
stay a member of her own family even when - - -. Gold Necklace with Crescent-shaped Pendant. 1st–3rd century
married. She would be under the rules and A.D. necklace. http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-
the-collections/ 130011598?
authority of her father, and kept all of her family rpp=20&pg=6&gallerynos=169&ft=*&pos=117, New York City.
rights. She wouldn’t get any rights with her Return to
husband’s family. That was not a traditional Exhibit
form of marriage.

20. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
Higher education was only taught
to young men in Ancient Rome and
was more complex. The higher
education of students began at age
16 and included a lot more Greek
teachings. It was on the study of
rhetoric ,or the art of speaking and
writing efficiently.
"Roman Philosophy." Kidipede-History and
Science for Kids. N.p., n.d. Web. 18
Feb. 2013.
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<http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/philos
Exhibit
ophy/>

21. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
During the later years of the
Roman republic, many orators or
public speakers, were produced.
They were able to hold their own
well in the senate and courts with
large juries. This helped the people
challenge the word of the emperor.
http://www.roseannawhite.com. Rosean White, n.d.
Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.roseannawhite.com>.
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22. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
The political use of rhetoric that
had been so important began to
become a lot less attractive. This
caused the senate to lose power
and rarely challenge the word of
the emperor. Students didn’t want
to learn about it and people lost
interest in it.
"Public Speaking." Absolute Astronomy. N.p., n.d.
Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Public
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_speaking>
Exhibit

23. In early Rome, education was important, and children were taught by their parents;
in later Rome the students were sent to schools because their parents did not have
enough time to teach them.
Even though public speaking declined,
rhetoric was still a focus of higher
education. Declamations, or speeches on
imaginary topics, became more popular.
They often concerned history, law, myths,
or literary characters. They were used to
train students for politics or law, and to
keep orators in practice. Then they
became a public event attended by many
people including the emperor.
"Women in Ancient Rome." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d.
Web. 18 Feb. 2013.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Ancient_
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Rome>
Exhibit

24. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient Rome prior
to marriage.
In English the word matrimony defines as “The
state or ceremony of being married; marriage.”
This word that is used in weddings all across
the United States of America comes from a
Latin word. This word is ‘mater’ which is the
root to mother. The main reason for marriage in
Ancient Roman times was to produce offspring.
This is why we have the word matrimony
because the whole purpose of marriage was to
have children.
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Exhibit

25. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient Rome prior
to marriage.
In Ancient Roman times there was a period
when Agustus was in charge. He put many
more restrictions on who was allowed to marry
who. First, a citizen was not allowed to marry a
prostitute or actress. Also, provincial officials or
someone who administered a part of Rome was
not allowed to marry a local woman. Soldiers
were only permitted to marry under specific
circumstances, and getting married to a close
relative was forbidden. This is why birth rates
were declining while he was in charge. Finally,
Women, Pompeii. N.d. Woman, Pompeii made Emperor Augustus.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/
a wife who was unfaithful or cheated on her
2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/07/europe_ancient_roman_painti
ngs/html/10.stm.
husband wound not be allowed to re-marry
after she got divorced. Return to
Exhibit

26. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient Rome prior
to marriage.
Juno is the goddess of women, marriage, and
childbirth. On March 1st women used to
commemorate her in the building of Juno’s
temple on the Esquiline Hill. The Esquiline Hill
is one of the seven hills of Rome. The women
would honor her because they wanted a safe,
and healthy delivery, and a good marriage.
When the girls had their spouse’s picked by
their Father they would give their childhood to
the goddess Virginalis (virgin). This was to keep
her pure for her wedding and future husband.
Augustea, Ara Pacis. Terra Mater. N.d. Wall sculpture.
http://arthistoryresources.net/willendorf/willendorfgoddes
s.html.
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Exhibit

27. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient Rome prior
to marriage.
A woman’s social status barely existed. A man
was able to vote, work, have legal control of his
children, and do many more things that a
woman was not allowed to do. A woman’s
place in society was in the home cooking,
cleaning, taking care of the children, and
producing children. Every woman had a male
guardian usually her father, or husband. That
guardian would approve or forbid her actions. If
her husband died she would not be allowed to
become the head of the family; her new
- - -. Marble Sarcophagus with the Contest between the Muses and
the Sirens. 3rd quarter of 3rd century A.D. stone sculpture of a
guardian would be her son, brother, or uncle.
casket. http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-
collections/ 130008679?
Even though the women had barely any rights
rpp=20&pg=4&gallerynos=169&ft=*&pos=68, New York.
many men relied on their wives for help, Return to
support, and advice. Exhibit

28. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient Rome prior
to marriage.
Picking a spouse was not up to the bride, the
father of the bride would try to look for a
wealthy, or politically involved husband for his
daughter. Usually spouses were picked as
political tools, not for love. A father could
choose to have his his daughter marry her
cousin or another man outside the family. A
woman could not marry a slave, a foreigner, or
a freed man. Just as easily as the father could
arrange marriage, he could take it away. The
man always decided if a divorce would take
- - -. The Portland Vase. N.d. Vase. Mueseum, Great
place. Britain.
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Exhibit

29. Bibliography
formanromanum.org. Scott, Foresman and Company, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.forumromanum.org/life/johnston>.
http://www.roseannawhite.com. Rosean White, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.roseannawhite.com>.
Moulton, Ed Carroll. Ancient Greece and Rome: an Encyclopedia. N.p.: n.p.,
n.d.
Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 18 Jan. 2013.
<http://go.galegroup.com/ps/>.
Roman School in Trier in Germany about AD. N.d. wall art.
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/people/school.htm.
Unknown. writing tablet. N.d. writing tablet. thebritishmuseum.orgexplore/
highlights/highlight_image.aspx?image=ps089261.jpg&retpage=21302
"Marriage." Roman Empire. Unknown, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013.
<http://www.roman-empire.net/index.html>.
"Marriage in Ancient Rome." Everything2. Everything2 Media, 19
Jan. 2003. Web. 16 Feb. 2013. <http://everything2.com/title/ Return to
Marriage+in+Ancient+Rome>. Entrance
Macdonald, Fiona. Women in Ancient Rome. Lincolnwood: Peter
Bedrick Books, 2000. Print.

30. There were many requirements made of girls in Ancient
Rome prior to marriage.
From the wedding day the bride could have two
lifestyles. One would be the lucky life where
she would give birth to three children or more.
This means she would be a respected mother,
and wife so she would be more accepted in the
community. The other lifestyle is if she was not
able to have children, she would be sent back
to live with her father. Her husband would have
to pay his wife’s father a dowry so he could get
rid of her. When her father died she would - - -. Marble Sarcophagus with the Contest between the Muses and
almost be a free woman. the Sirens. 3rd
casket.
quarter of 3rd century A.D. stone sculpture of a
http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-
collections/ 130008679?
rpp=20&pg=4&gallerynos=169&ft=*&pos=68, New York.
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Exhibit