The document explains the types and functions of muscle tissue, detailing three main types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. It highlights key features such as voluntary control in skeletal muscle, involuntary control in cardiac and smooth muscles, and the structural differences among them. Additionally, it discusses the role of tendons in muscle movement and the significance of muscles in maintaining body temperature.

1. MUSCLES AND THEIR TYPES

2. Learning
Learning Objectives
• Explain the organization of muscle tissue.
• Describe briefly the function of skeletal,
cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
• Explain how muscles work with tendons
to move the body.
• Describe briefly how muscles contract
and relax.

3. INTRODUCTION – FUNCTIONS AND BASIC TYPES OF
MUSCLE CELLS
• 600 Muscles.
• All muscles contractile.
• 3 types, classified into 3 groups:
a. Cardiac muscle; forms myocardium .
b. Smooth muscle; walls of blood vessels +
hollow organs.
c. Skeletal muscle; Attached to bones for
voluntary movement.

5. Features Of skeletal Muscles
• under conscious or voluntary control.
• fibers striated (having transverse streaks
when seen under microscope).
• vary in size, shape, and arrangement of fibers.
• Range from tiny strands (stapedium) to large
masses (muscles of thigh).
• Each fiber is a single cylindrical muscle cell.

8. • Consists of abundant muscle fibers bundled
together and wrapped in a connective tissue
covering.
• Each muscle is surrounded by a connective
tissue sheath called the epimysium.
• Fascia, (connective tissue outside the
epimysium), surrounds and separates the
muscles.

9. • Skeletal muscles have an abundant supply of
blood vessels and nerves.
• skeletal muscle fiber receive an impulse from
a nerve cell to contract.
• An artery and vein along with its nerve
penetrates the epimysium of a skeletal
muscle.

10. Features Of Smooth muscle
• walls of hollow internal organs such as
blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract,
bladder, and uterus.
• Under control of autonomic nervous
system.
• Involuntary control.
• Microscopically non-striated (smooth).
• contract slowly and rhythmically.

14. Features Of Cardiac muscle
• In the walls of heart.
• under control of autonomic nervous system.
• striated, like skeletal muscle.
• cardiac muscle cell is rectangular in shape.
• Contraction of cardiac muscle is involuntary,
strong, and rhythmical.
• Do not tire, produce own signals.

15. Functions Of Muscles
A. Skeletal Muscles:
• produces obvious movements .
• facial expressions, eye movements,
• respiration.
• posture, joint stability,
• fine adjustments to hold body in stationary positions.
• Tendons work for joint stability.
• Heat production (85% of total body heat) to maintain
body temperature by muscle metabolism.

17. • Tendon: flat sheet-like aponeurosis,
attachments from muscles to bones and
connective tissue of other muscles, so
spans a joint.
• Ligaments are fibrous tissues that
connect bone to bone.