The document discusses a project aimed at enhancing the design of a multilayer hemispherical dielectric resonant antenna (h-DRA) to improve impedance bandwidth and gain at millimeter-wave frequencies. It outlines the project's objectives, methodologies for enhancement, and results from simulations showing significant improvements in bandwidth and gain. The conclusion emphasizes the successful simulation of a wideband impedance bandwidth of 38.5% and suggests further design considerations for millimeter-wave antennas.

1. Multilayer Hemispherical Dielectric
Resonant Antenna in Higher Order Modes
Moayad Al-Zoghaiby
Electronic and Electrical Engineering department
1

2. Outline
 Project Aim and Objectives
 Enhancement Methods and Results:
 Configuration of Hemispherical DRA.
 Enhancement Methods.
 Single-Layer H-DRA.
 Multi-Layer H-DRA:
 Effects of Permittivity and Dimensions.
 Effects of Annular slot.
 Resonant Modes.
 Conclusion
2
Part .1: By Project meeting
Part.2: By Assessment Elements
Part .3: By Project Targets [specific objectives]
Supervisors review and observation sessions [Term.2] [Weekly meeting] supervisor Owner Phase Starting Date Ending Date
S-1: Task given for PID, and requested for a Draft in next session plus one more material to read. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 24/01/2018
S-2: Remark the draft PiD, and optimizing the main objectives (including period time). Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/02/2018 01/02/2018
S-3: Discussed about technical report [20refe] , objectives this semseter and getting an assisatanceto CST platform. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 09/02/2018 09/02/2018
S-4: Upon a request from my supervisor. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Canceled 23/02/2018 23/02/2018
S-5: Feedback on PID, progress into IT report and discussion of Risk assessment. Plus request to meet with a second supervisorDr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 02/03/2018 02/03/2018
S-6: Discussed ITR aims, questions about; Er, Gain and BW and achivment of relevent approaches CST. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 09/03/2018 09/03/2018
S-7: Due to illness. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Absent 16/03/2018 16/03/2018
S-8: Discussed ITR and specified the final objectives and comments on R-DRA simulation Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 23/03/2018 23/03/2018
S-9: Due to test of Broadband wireless techniques Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Postpone 20/04/2018 05/05/2018
S-10: discussed the achivment of this term that includes; CST training and simulation of R_DRA and H_DRA. Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 05/05/2018 05/05/2018
S-10: latest approaches in DRA in planing for next term Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/05/2018 11/05/2018
Task.1: Project Initialisation Document [10%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
Specification [Aims and objectives] [3%] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Literature Review [at least a 6 up-to-date related references ] [3%] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Project Schedul [Initial plan related to project objectives ] [2%] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Risk register [Impact and outcomes of project over time] [2%] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Risk Assessment [0%] [assessment training on 5 Feb 2018] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 24/01/2018 09/02/2018
Task.2: Second Marker Meeting [5%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
overview of the MSc project [what you are doing and why you are doing it?] Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 25/02/2018 Mar-18
Understanding the aims and objectives of their project Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 25/02/2018 Mar-18
Highlight the project risk Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 25/02/2018 Mar-18
Presentation can expline your aims [bring your labtop] Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 25/02/2018 Mar-18
Task.3: Interim Technical Report [15%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
delivered a final project title. Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
Project description and final detailed specification (achievements records) Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
Up-to-date progress on to the project (a problem set and solution required) Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
A well and clear structure should be understandable and standard and quality format. Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
Task.4: Second Marker Viva [10%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
10 min presentation (MS PowerPoint), Includes: Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/05/2018 Jul-18
1. demonstrates; technical understanding of your project Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/05/2018 Jul-18
2. Milestone evaluation and future work to complete your project (key result based on mathematical and analytical results) Proff. Alan Tennant Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/05/2018 Jul-18
Task.5: Supervisor Assessment [10%] [No need for a preparation] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
Based on performance and skills the following; Understanding of your project, Practical skills, Self-reliance, Initiative Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 12/06/2018
Task.6: Public Engagement Video and Storyboard [5%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
A target of the project based on the quality and the content of the video. Students Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 31/08/2018
Task.7: IEEE Style Article [35%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
A final project report based on IEEE Style Article Template Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 31/08/2018
Task.8: Symposium Presentation [10%] Marker Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
18min of presentation delivery includes; Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 04/06/2018 04/06/2018
understanding, aims, methodology and reasoning and evaluate the results and achievements of the project. Both supervisors Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 04/06/2018 04/06/2018
[specific objectives] Supervisor Owner Phase Starting date Ending Date
Trem.2: Literature review and background theory Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 15/12/2017 18/05/2018
Trem.2: CST Training, Design H-DR antenna (all required parameters) Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/01/2018 23/03/2018
Trem.2: Simulated a relevant results based on CST [R-DRA and H-DRA] Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 16/04/2018 18/05/2018
Trem.2: Writing the Interim technical report Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 01/03/2018 11/05/2018
Summer.term: BW enhancement Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 29/06/2018
Summer.term: Gain enhancement Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 02/07/208 27/07/209
Summer.term: Size reduction. REASON: due to time limition Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Canceled 30/07/209 10/08/2018
Summer.term: Tolerance and stability in practical evaluations. REASON: due to time limition Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Canceled 10/08/2018 24/08/2018
Summer.term: writing a final report Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 11/06/2018 31/08/2018
Summer.term: Preapering for a final presentation Dr. Salam Khamas Moayad Al-Zoghaiby Finished 31/08/2018 04/09/2018
Part.1: Project Meeting
Part.3: Project Targets
Part.2: Plan on Assessment Elements
Project objectives
Multi-Layer Hemispherical DRA in higher oreder modes
First Supervisor
Second Supervisor
Student Name
Dr. Salam Khamas
Proff. Alan Tennant
Moayad Al-Zoghaiby
Student Registration No. 170217204

3. Project Aim and Objectives:
 Project Aim:
Investigate the possibility of success in a design of hemispherical DRA (H-DRA) in order to enhance
the impedance bandwidth and gain at MM-wave frequencies by using a CST Microwave Studio.
 Project Objectives:
 Bandwidth Enhancement:
Using multi-layer H-DRA in order to enhance Wider Impedance Bandwidth 100% (Double of single layer).
 Gain Enhancement:
Exciting a higher order modes can achieve a higher gain (previously, the higher gain recorded was ~7-9 dBi).
3

4. Enhancement Methods and Results
4
TABLE 1
The Basic parameters of Multi-layer H-DRA
Parameters Value Description
𝑎2 10 mm H-DRA radius size (inner layer)
𝑎1 12.5 mm Outer layer radius size
wA 1.67 mm Annular slot width size
rA 3 mm Annular slot radius size
𝜀1 7.85 Outer layer dielectric constant
𝜀2 10 H-DRA dielectric constant
Fig.1. The geometry of two-layer hemispherical
DRA shows the top (a) and side (b) views.
(b)
(a)
 Antenna Configuration at 3-12 GHz

5. 5
EnhancementMethods
Build up a Multi-layer H-DRA
Excitation of Higher-Order Modes
Annular slot (Feeding techniques) Fig.2. The geometry of two-layer hemispherical
DRA shows the side view.
Enhancement Methods and Results

6. 6
Enhancement Methods and Results
Fig.3. Two cases of simulated impedance bandwidth in single layer H-DRA; in
case-1, there is no coat means ε1 = 1 (air), while in the second case ε1 = ε2.
Fig.4. Simulated radiation pattern of single layer H-DRA, the
maximum gain was 9.87 dBi at 6.8 GHz.
(𝑥 < 0, ∅ = 180°) (𝑥 > 0, ∅ = 0°)
E- plane
(y < 0, ∅ = 270°) (y > 0, ∅ = 90°)
H- plane
 Single-Layer H-DRA

7. 7
Enhancement Methods and Results
Multi-Layer H-DRA
 Effect of Permittivity (𝜺 𝟏):  Effect of Dimension (𝐚 𝟐):
Fig. 6. Maximum impedance bandwidth as a design frequency (3-12
GHz), the effects of changing the a2=5, 7.5 and 10 mm other parameters
are the same as in Table 1.
Fig.5. Maximum impedance bandwidth a design frequency (3-12 GHz), the
effects of changing the ε1 = 2, 4.5 and 7.85. The other parameters are the
same as in Table 1.

8. 8
Enhancement Methods and Results
Multi-Layer H-DRA
 Effect of Annular Slot radius:
Fig. 7. Maximum impedance bandwidth as a design frequency (3-12 GHz), the effects
of varying in wA=0.5, 1 and 1.67 mm. The other parameters are the same as in Table
1.
 Resonant Modes:
(b)(a)
Fig.8. The magnetic distribution field inside the H-DRA that
operates in (a) TE113 at 7.2 GHz and (b) TE313 at 9.1 GHz
resonant modes of 38.5% operated impedance bandwidth.

9. 9
Conclusion
Fig.9. Simulated reflection coefficient of two-layer H-DRA in higher order
modes as a function of frequency: a1 =12.5mm, a2 =10mm,ε1=7.85 ε2=10,
rA=3mm and wA=1.67mm. The simulation of wideband impedance
bandwidth was 38.5% , two modes were observed.
(x<0, ∅=180°) (x>0, ∅=0°)
E- plane
(y<0, ∅=270°) (y>0, ∅=90°)
H- plane
Fig.10. Simulated radiation pattern of two-layer H-DRA at 7.2 GHz. As a function of
frequency: a1=12.5mm, a2=10mm, ε1=7.85 ε2=10, rA=3mm and wA=1.67mm. The
simulated impedance bandwidth was 38.5%.

10. 10
Conclusion
TABLE 2
Size and impedance bandwidth comparison between single and
multi-layer H-DRA
𝜺 𝒓
Size
Impedance
Bandwidth
(%)
Single-Layer
HDRA
10 10 mm 17.11%
Multi-Layer
HDRA
Inner
layer
Outer
layer 12.5 mm 38.5%
10 7.85
Differences --- 25% 125%
 To design an antenna with MM-Wave:
 Antenna Scaling (frequency scaling).
 Wanted impedance bandwidth (30 -47 GHz).
 By dividing all the parameters in Table 1
except a relative permittivity, The results will
remain the same, However the maximum
gain will reach up 10 dBi.

11. 11
Any Questions ?