mukesh gurjar report on transformer tansformer

1. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support
and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of
them.
I am highly indebted to (SH. JITENDRA CHAUDHARY & SH. HEMANT CHAUDHAR) for their
guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project
& also for their support in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards my
parents & member of (RAJASTHAN TRANSFORMER & SWITCHGEAR PVT. LTD.) for their kind
co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention
and time.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my college (PIET) and my faculty in developing the project
and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
MUKESH KUMAR GURJAR
PIET/EE/13/035
13EPTEE028

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TABLE INDEX
SR. NO. TITLE PAGE
NO.
1. Chapter 1-
introduction of transformer………………......................
1-6
1.1 Production Facilities 1
1.1.1 Quality 1
1.2 Transformer Factories 2
1.3 Power Cable & Conductors Unit 3
1.4 Types of transformer 3
1.4.1 Distribution transformer 3
1.4.2 Power transformer 3
1.4.3 Dry type transformer 4
1.4.4 Service 4
1.4.5 repairs & maintenance 5
1.4.6 Customer 6
2. Chapter 2
Transformer……………………………………………….
7-19

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2.1 Basic Principles 7
2.2 Faraday's Laws Of Electromagnetic Induction 8
2.3 Basic Theory Of Transformer 8
2.4 Ideal Transformer 9
2.4.1 Ideal Transformer And Induction Law 10
2.5 Real Transformer 11
2.6 Leakage flux 12
2.6.1 Equation ckt 13
2.7 Basic Transformer Parameters And Construction 14
2.7.1 Effect Of Frequency 14
2.8 Energy losses 15
2.8.1 Winding Joule Losses 15
2.8.2 Core losses 16
2.8.2.1 Hysteresis Losses 16
2.8.2.2 Eddy current losses 17
2.8.3 Magnetostriction Related Transformer Hum 17
2.8.4 Stray Losses 18
2.8.5 Mechanical Vibration And Audible Noise Transmission 18

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2.9 Core Form And Shell Form Transformers 19
3. Chapter- 3
Construction……………………………………………....
20-24
3.0 Cores 20
3.1 Laminated Steel Cores 21
3.2 Solid Cores 22
3.3 Toroidal Cores 23
3.4 Air Cores 24
4. Chapter – 4
winding of transformer……………………………………………..
25-52
Practical Transformer Winding 27
Low voltage winding 29
High voltage winding 34
5. Chapter – 5
testing of transformer ………………………………………………
53-60
5.1 Type Of Transformer Testing 53
5.1.1 Type Test Of Transformer 53
5.1.2 Routine Tests Of Transformer 54
5.1.3 Special Tests Of Transformer 54
5.1.3.1 Type Tests Of Transformer Includes 54
5.1.3.2 Routine Tests Of Transformer Include 54
5.1.3.3 Special Test Of Transformer Include 55

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5.1.3.1.1 Transformer Winding Resistance Measurement 55
5.1.3.1.2 procedure Of Magnetic Balance Test Of Transformer 56
5.1.3.1.3 Magnetizing Current Test Of Transformer 57
5.1.3.1.4 Vector Group Test Of Transformer 58
5.1.3.1.5 Insulation Resistance Test Or Megger Test Of Transformer 58
5.1.3.1.6 Dielectric Tests Of Transformer 59
5.1.3.1.7Temperature Rise Test Of Transformer 60
6. Chapter-6
Conclusion………………………………………………………….
61-64
6.1 Importance Of Electrical Transformers In Our Daily Life 61
6.2 Transformer Used In Transmission And Distribution Of
Electrical Energy Over Long Distances
62
6.3 Some Interesting Facts About Electrical Transformer 63
6.3.1 History Of Transformer 63
6.3.2 History Of Transformer 63
6.3.3 Primary And Secondary Current 63
6.4.4 Transformer Uses Alternating Current 64
7. Chapter-7
Reference…………………………………………………………
65

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FIGURE INDEX
FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.
1.1 Power Transformer 4
2.1 Transformer With Load 9
2.2 Magnetic Flux In Transformer Core 10
2.3 Instrument Transformer, With Polarity Dot And X1
Markings On LV Side Terminal
11
2.4 Real Transformer Equivalent Circuit 13
2.5 Power Transformer Over-Excitation 15
2.6 Core Form = Core Type; Shell Form = Shell Type 19
3.1 Laminating The Core Greatly Reduces Eddy-Current
Losses
21
4.1 Paper Insulation 25
4.1a Practical Transformer Winding 27
4.2 Transformer LV Winding 28
4.3 Transformer Assembling 29
4.4 Low Winding Manufacturing 32
4.5 Low Voltage Side Winding 33

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4.6 High Voltage Winding Transformer 34
5.1 Transformer Applied Voltage 57
5.1 Transformer Applied Voltage 57