The document discusses school development plans (SDPs). It explains that an SDP is a strategic 3-5 year plan that outlines a school's goals and objectives across areas like curriculum, teaching, student support, and community engagement. The document outlines key components of an SDP including goals, resources, strategies, and evaluation. It also discusses the rationale for SDPs in helping schools align activities, focus on improvement, and allocate resources effectively. However, bottlenecks can include inadequate monitoring, lack of stakeholder engagement, limited resources, and resistance to change.
Conflicts can arise in organizations from various sources. There are different types of conflicts including relationship conflicts, interest conflicts, data conflicts, structural conflicts, and value conflicts. Conflicts can also be categorized as intra-personal conflicts within an individual, inter-personal conflicts between individuals, intra-group conflicts within groups, and inter-group conflicts between groups. Common sources of conflicts in organizations include differences in goals and objectives, scarce resources, communication breakdowns, power struggles, organizational changes, personality differences, cultural differences, performance issues, and external factors.
Cell potential represents the driving force for electrochemical reactions. It is measured as the difference in electrical potential between the electrodes in an electrochemical cell. Cell potential depends on the standard electrode potentials of the half-reactions occurring at each electrode. If the cell potential is positive, the reaction is spontaneous and electrons will flow from the anode to the cathode. Cell potential can be calculated using the Nernst equation, which accounts for non-standard reactant and product concentrations. Common applications of cell potential include batteries and galvanic cells, which generate electrical energy from spontaneous redox reactions.
This document discusses definitions of leadership, the differences between leadership and management, traits of successful leaders, leadership behaviors, and situational leadership. It defines leadership as influencing others toward achieving goals and outlines the three elements of leadership as influence, voluntary effort, and goal achievement. The primary differences between leadership and management are that leadership creates the vision and strategy while management implements the vision. Successful leaders have traits like drive, intelligence, honesty, and flexibility. Leadership requires technical, human, and conceptual skills. There is no single best leadership style - the style must fit the situation and followers.
This document discusses and compares several frameworks used for gender analysis:
- The Harvard Analytical Framework uses matrices to collect data on gender roles, access to resources, and factors influencing gender differences. It examines projects through a gender lens.
- The Moser Framework identifies five approaches to gender and development planning based on gender roles and needs. It recognizes women's triple role and aims to meet both practical and strategic gender needs.
- The Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Framework defines empowerment as equal participation and control over factors of production. It conceptualizes five progressive levels of equality and empowerment.
This document discusses definitions of leadership, the differences between leadership and management, traits of successful leaders, leadership behaviors, and situational leadership. It defines leadership as influencing others toward achieving goals and outlines the three elements of leadership as influence, voluntary effort, and goal achievement. The primary differences between leadership and management are that leadership creates the vision and strategy while management implements the vision. Successful leaders have traits like drive, intelligence, honesty, and flexibility. Leadership requires technical, human, and conceptual skills. There is no single best leadership style - the style must fit the situation and followers.
This document discusses organizing in educational institutions. It defines organizing as putting together resources and creating structure to enable people to work towards goals. It discusses principles of organizing like job specialization, departmentalization, and chain of command. It also covers authority, responsibility, delegation, and managing resources like human resources, finances, and physical infrastructure. Organizational culture and values in schools are also mentioned.
The document discusses several theories of educational management, including:
1. Scientific management theory proposed by Taylor which emphasized time motion studies, piece rate wages, and division of labor.
2. Henry Fayol's 14 principles of management which included division of labor, authority, and discipline.
3. Luther Gullick's seven functions of management known as POSDCoRB which are planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting.
4. Weber's bureaucratic model with features like division of labor, formal rules, and hierarchy of authority.
5. Behavioral theories like human relations theory and human resource theory which emphasized worker satisfaction and participation.
6. System theory views
The document discusses school development plans (SDPs). It explains that an SDP is a strategic 3-5 year plan that outlines a school's goals and objectives across areas like curriculum, teaching, student support, and community engagement. The document outlines key components of an SDP including goals, resources, strategies, and evaluation. It also discusses the rationale for SDPs in helping schools align activities, focus on improvement, and allocate resources effectively. However, bottlenecks can include inadequate monitoring, lack of stakeholder engagement, limited resources, and resistance to change.
Conflicts can arise in organizations from various sources. There are different types of conflicts including relationship conflicts, interest conflicts, data conflicts, structural conflicts, and value conflicts. Conflicts can also be categorized as intra-personal conflicts within an individual, inter-personal conflicts between individuals, intra-group conflicts within groups, and inter-group conflicts between groups. Common sources of conflicts in organizations include differences in goals and objectives, scarce resources, communication breakdowns, power struggles, organizational changes, personality differences, cultural differences, performance issues, and external factors.
Cell potential represents the driving force for electrochemical reactions. It is measured as the difference in electrical potential between the electrodes in an electrochemical cell. Cell potential depends on the standard electrode potentials of the half-reactions occurring at each electrode. If the cell potential is positive, the reaction is spontaneous and electrons will flow from the anode to the cathode. Cell potential can be calculated using the Nernst equation, which accounts for non-standard reactant and product concentrations. Common applications of cell potential include batteries and galvanic cells, which generate electrical energy from spontaneous redox reactions.
This document discusses definitions of leadership, the differences between leadership and management, traits of successful leaders, leadership behaviors, and situational leadership. It defines leadership as influencing others toward achieving goals and outlines the three elements of leadership as influence, voluntary effort, and goal achievement. The primary differences between leadership and management are that leadership creates the vision and strategy while management implements the vision. Successful leaders have traits like drive, intelligence, honesty, and flexibility. Leadership requires technical, human, and conceptual skills. There is no single best leadership style - the style must fit the situation and followers.
This document discusses and compares several frameworks used for gender analysis:
- The Harvard Analytical Framework uses matrices to collect data on gender roles, access to resources, and factors influencing gender differences. It examines projects through a gender lens.
- The Moser Framework identifies five approaches to gender and development planning based on gender roles and needs. It recognizes women's triple role and aims to meet both practical and strategic gender needs.
- The Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Framework defines empowerment as equal participation and control over factors of production. It conceptualizes five progressive levels of equality and empowerment.
This document discusses definitions of leadership, the differences between leadership and management, traits of successful leaders, leadership behaviors, and situational leadership. It defines leadership as influencing others toward achieving goals and outlines the three elements of leadership as influence, voluntary effort, and goal achievement. The primary differences between leadership and management are that leadership creates the vision and strategy while management implements the vision. Successful leaders have traits like drive, intelligence, honesty, and flexibility. Leadership requires technical, human, and conceptual skills. There is no single best leadership style - the style must fit the situation and followers.
This document discusses organizing in educational institutions. It defines organizing as putting together resources and creating structure to enable people to work towards goals. It discusses principles of organizing like job specialization, departmentalization, and chain of command. It also covers authority, responsibility, delegation, and managing resources like human resources, finances, and physical infrastructure. Organizational culture and values in schools are also mentioned.
The document discusses several theories of educational management, including:
1. Scientific management theory proposed by Taylor which emphasized time motion studies, piece rate wages, and division of labor.
2. Henry Fayol's 14 principles of management which included division of labor, authority, and discipline.
3. Luther Gullick's seven functions of management known as POSDCoRB which are planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting.
4. Weber's bureaucratic model with features like division of labor, formal rules, and hierarchy of authority.
5. Behavioral theories like human relations theory and human resource theory which emphasized worker satisfaction and participation.
6. System theory views
This document discusses controlling in education. Controlling involves measuring performance against predetermined standards to ensure the organization is achieving its goals. There are three types of controlling: preliminary focuses on inputs, screening on transformation processes, and postaction (feedback) on outputs. Quality control instruments in education include basic inspection of inputs, processes and outputs; advisory inspection to improve teaching; and internal inspection by the school head. Budgeting and discipline are also discussed as controlling instruments.
This 3 unit course on environmental chemistry and waste treatment technologies covers 11 topics including an introduction, the sources and impacts of pollution, waste treatment methods, water treatment plant design and operations, air pollution control technologies, and solid and hazardous waste management. The course provides an overview of key environmental issues and solutions.
This document discusses educational indicators and how they are used to measure and analyze education systems. It identifies several key types of indicators:
1. Access indicators measure whether school facilities are adequately utilized using factors like population, distance to schools, and travel time. Common access indicators include percentages of habitations served by primary schools.
2. Coverage indicators relate enrollment to the eligible population. Examples include admission, enrollment, and transition rates which are calculated by dividing enrollments by target populations.
3. Internal efficiency indicators measure student flows and rates of promotion, repetition, and dropout within education levels. Transition rates specifically track flows between education levels.
This document discusses educational management and planning. It covers the key characteristics of planning including being anticipatory, focusing on desired results, and being future-oriented. Some benefits of planning are goal setting, reducing uncertainties, and coordinating activities. Limitations include lack of information and time consumption. Different types of plans are described such as strategic plans, operational plans, standing plans, and single use plans. The strategic planning process is then outlined, including formulating a vision and mission, analyzing the current situation, identifying strategic issues, setting goals and objectives, developing an action plan, monitoring, and evaluating.
1. Conflicts in educational organizations can arise from scarce resources, unclear roles and responsibilities, breakdowns in communication, personality clashes, differences in power/status, threats to status, and differing goals.
2. There are individual, interpersonal, and intergroup types of conflicts.
3. Techniques for managing conflicts include avoidance, compromise, collaboration, mediation, clarifying tasks, and power activation (as a last resort). Compromise and collaboration aim to find agreements that satisfy both parties.
This document discusses probability theory and various probability distributions. It begins by defining probability and basic probability concepts like mutually exclusive events. It then covers the binomial distribution and how it can simplify to the Poisson distribution or Gaussian distribution depending on the values of trials (N) and probability (p). It provides examples and definitions of key terms like mean, variance, standard deviation, permutations, and combinations. The document is a technical overview of foundational probability concepts and distributions.
This document summarizes key points from a lecture on instructional objectives. It discusses the three domains of learning objectives: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. For each domain, it describes the taxonomy developed by Bloom and others to categorize learning objectives. It provides examples of objectives written for each domain, as well as verbs commonly used. The document emphasizes that writing clear, measurable objectives is important for planning effective instruction aligned with intended learning outcomes.
These contain a details data based on practical chemistry that is more useful fort those students at A level. These material comprises a variety of Practical like volumetric analysis, rate of reaction , and qualitative analysis of salt. It contains a lot of questions and answers based on practical that students can read and practices in order to get higher grade in their final examination . Also can increase the creativity of students through solving and practicing more questions as much as possible can increase his/her level of understanding Practical problem.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
This document discusses controlling in education. Controlling involves measuring performance against predetermined standards to ensure the organization is achieving its goals. There are three types of controlling: preliminary focuses on inputs, screening on transformation processes, and postaction (feedback) on outputs. Quality control instruments in education include basic inspection of inputs, processes and outputs; advisory inspection to improve teaching; and internal inspection by the school head. Budgeting and discipline are also discussed as controlling instruments.
This 3 unit course on environmental chemistry and waste treatment technologies covers 11 topics including an introduction, the sources and impacts of pollution, waste treatment methods, water treatment plant design and operations, air pollution control technologies, and solid and hazardous waste management. The course provides an overview of key environmental issues and solutions.
This document discusses educational indicators and how they are used to measure and analyze education systems. It identifies several key types of indicators:
1. Access indicators measure whether school facilities are adequately utilized using factors like population, distance to schools, and travel time. Common access indicators include percentages of habitations served by primary schools.
2. Coverage indicators relate enrollment to the eligible population. Examples include admission, enrollment, and transition rates which are calculated by dividing enrollments by target populations.
3. Internal efficiency indicators measure student flows and rates of promotion, repetition, and dropout within education levels. Transition rates specifically track flows between education levels.
This document discusses educational management and planning. It covers the key characteristics of planning including being anticipatory, focusing on desired results, and being future-oriented. Some benefits of planning are goal setting, reducing uncertainties, and coordinating activities. Limitations include lack of information and time consumption. Different types of plans are described such as strategic plans, operational plans, standing plans, and single use plans. The strategic planning process is then outlined, including formulating a vision and mission, analyzing the current situation, identifying strategic issues, setting goals and objectives, developing an action plan, monitoring, and evaluating.
1. Conflicts in educational organizations can arise from scarce resources, unclear roles and responsibilities, breakdowns in communication, personality clashes, differences in power/status, threats to status, and differing goals.
2. There are individual, interpersonal, and intergroup types of conflicts.
3. Techniques for managing conflicts include avoidance, compromise, collaboration, mediation, clarifying tasks, and power activation (as a last resort). Compromise and collaboration aim to find agreements that satisfy both parties.
This document discusses probability theory and various probability distributions. It begins by defining probability and basic probability concepts like mutually exclusive events. It then covers the binomial distribution and how it can simplify to the Poisson distribution or Gaussian distribution depending on the values of trials (N) and probability (p). It provides examples and definitions of key terms like mean, variance, standard deviation, permutations, and combinations. The document is a technical overview of foundational probability concepts and distributions.
This document summarizes key points from a lecture on instructional objectives. It discusses the three domains of learning objectives: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. For each domain, it describes the taxonomy developed by Bloom and others to categorize learning objectives. It provides examples of objectives written for each domain, as well as verbs commonly used. The document emphasizes that writing clear, measurable objectives is important for planning effective instruction aligned with intended learning outcomes.
These contain a details data based on practical chemistry that is more useful fort those students at A level. These material comprises a variety of Practical like volumetric analysis, rate of reaction , and qualitative analysis of salt. It contains a lot of questions and answers based on practical that students can read and practices in order to get higher grade in their final examination . Also can increase the creativity of students through solving and practicing more questions as much as possible can increase his/her level of understanding Practical problem.
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDSSérgio Sacani
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
(June 12, 2024) Webinar: Development of PET theranostics targeting the molecu...Scintica Instrumentation
Targeting Hsp90 and its pathogen Orthologs with Tethered Inhibitors as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategy for cancer and infectious diseases with Dr. Timothy Haystead.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...Sérgio Sacani
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)eitps1506
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark UniverseSérgio Sacani
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.