This document provides a detailed history of tobacco use from its origins in the Americas circa 6000 BCE to modern times. It discusses the spread of tobacco use from indigenous populations to Europeans. Key events covered include Rodrigo de Jerez being the first confirmed European smoker in the 15th century and the development of tobacco plantations in the Americas in the 16th century. The document also examines the biology and pharmacology of nicotine, health effects of tobacco use, and societal impacts. It provides an overview of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and efforts to prevent tobacco use through warnings, advertising bans, and graphic health warnings on packaging.
Praktikum 1 membahas pengenalan Microsoft Access untuk membuat dan mengedit objek database, mengimpor file spreadsheet dari Excel, menyimpan database, dan konvensi penamaan objek database. Terdapat cara membuat database baru, menggunakan wizard, dan membuka database yang ada.
JANOG is a community of over 6,700 network engineers in Japan founded in 1997 that discusses technical and operational issues across organizations. It holds semiannual two-day meetings with presentations and discussions primarily in Japanese. Meetings typically attract 800 attendees in Tokyo and 400 elsewhere. Topics have included traffic engineering, data center routing, and best operational practices. It is run by volunteers and supported by hosts, sponsors, and donations.
This document discusses unequal access to education and how technology may help address this issue. It notes that access to quality education varies significantly based on factors like income level and location. New technologies like online learning tools, tablets, and digital textbooks have the potential to help equalize access by allowing flexible, personalized learning from anywhere. However, it remains unclear if greater access to technology directly translates to better educational outcomes or engagement for all students.
El documento habla sobre la vida en la NBA en 2012, incluyendo la posibilidad de un cambio radical, el éxito del hermano pobre y la triste realidad actual, así como preguntas sobre si será un All-Star ese año y los mejores tiradores de triples.
Introduction to Social Enterprise Research Centermrwhys2
The Social Enterprise Research Center (SERC) is a leading academic organization in China that studies social entrepreneurship. Since 2008, SERC has completed over 80 case studies of social enterprises in China and has invested in promising social enterprise projects. SERC conducts research on topics such as case studies, public perceptions, and finance models. It aims to support social enterprises through funding, research, and developing its own social enterprise projects.
The document provides a summary of the history of crime in Australia, including details about convict crimes, bushrangers, and riots. It discusses how many criminals were sent as convicts from England and Ireland to the Australian colonies in the 18th-19th centuries. It also describes bushrangers as escaped convicts who attacked people in the countryside and discusses some famous bushrangers. Finally, it lists some civil disturbances in Western Australia, including race riots and religious conflicts between Protestant and Catholic groups.
Unit 6 judyth brown rlo history of tobaccoJudyth Brown
This document provides an overview of the history of tobacco use around the world. It discusses how tobacco originated with Native Americans and was introduced to Europeans in the 15th century. It then spread throughout Europe and was commercially cultivated in the Americas in the 16th century. The document outlines key events in the development of laws and regulations regarding tobacco as well as the rise and fall of smoking bans in the United States. It also summarizes the contents and production of cigarettes along with the medical evidence that established smoking as a cause of various illnesses.
Tobacco usage causes many deaths across the world, still its consumption rate increases every year. tobacco has many dangers some of which are given here. QUIT TOBACCO!!
made by- Shrika Somisetti of class 8
Praktikum 1 membahas pengenalan Microsoft Access untuk membuat dan mengedit objek database, mengimpor file spreadsheet dari Excel, menyimpan database, dan konvensi penamaan objek database. Terdapat cara membuat database baru, menggunakan wizard, dan membuka database yang ada.
JANOG is a community of over 6,700 network engineers in Japan founded in 1997 that discusses technical and operational issues across organizations. It holds semiannual two-day meetings with presentations and discussions primarily in Japanese. Meetings typically attract 800 attendees in Tokyo and 400 elsewhere. Topics have included traffic engineering, data center routing, and best operational practices. It is run by volunteers and supported by hosts, sponsors, and donations.
This document discusses unequal access to education and how technology may help address this issue. It notes that access to quality education varies significantly based on factors like income level and location. New technologies like online learning tools, tablets, and digital textbooks have the potential to help equalize access by allowing flexible, personalized learning from anywhere. However, it remains unclear if greater access to technology directly translates to better educational outcomes or engagement for all students.
El documento habla sobre la vida en la NBA en 2012, incluyendo la posibilidad de un cambio radical, el éxito del hermano pobre y la triste realidad actual, así como preguntas sobre si será un All-Star ese año y los mejores tiradores de triples.
Introduction to Social Enterprise Research Centermrwhys2
The Social Enterprise Research Center (SERC) is a leading academic organization in China that studies social entrepreneurship. Since 2008, SERC has completed over 80 case studies of social enterprises in China and has invested in promising social enterprise projects. SERC conducts research on topics such as case studies, public perceptions, and finance models. It aims to support social enterprises through funding, research, and developing its own social enterprise projects.
The document provides a summary of the history of crime in Australia, including details about convict crimes, bushrangers, and riots. It discusses how many criminals were sent as convicts from England and Ireland to the Australian colonies in the 18th-19th centuries. It also describes bushrangers as escaped convicts who attacked people in the countryside and discusses some famous bushrangers. Finally, it lists some civil disturbances in Western Australia, including race riots and religious conflicts between Protestant and Catholic groups.
Unit 6 judyth brown rlo history of tobaccoJudyth Brown
This document provides an overview of the history of tobacco use around the world. It discusses how tobacco originated with Native Americans and was introduced to Europeans in the 15th century. It then spread throughout Europe and was commercially cultivated in the Americas in the 16th century. The document outlines key events in the development of laws and regulations regarding tobacco as well as the rise and fall of smoking bans in the United States. It also summarizes the contents and production of cigarettes along with the medical evidence that established smoking as a cause of various illnesses.
Tobacco usage causes many deaths across the world, still its consumption rate increases every year. tobacco has many dangers some of which are given here. QUIT TOBACCO!!
made by- Shrika Somisetti of class 8
Tobacco is an agricultural product made from the leaves of plants in the Nicotiana genus. It contains the addictive drug nicotine. There are three main types of tobacco - Virginia, burley, and oriental - which differ based on drying methods. Tobacco can be consumed in smoked and smokeless forms. Smoked tobacco includes cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and waterpipes. Smokeless tobacco includes chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, and snus. Tobacco use has a long history and many health risks, but remains widely used globally.
Tobacco is prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant, which contains the stimulant alkaloid nicotine. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly smoked or consumed orally. Tobacco was first used by indigenous peoples in the Americas and was introduced to Europe in the 16th century. It became increasingly popular following the industrial revolution when cigarette production was mass-produced. Long-term tobacco use can cause serious health issues such as bronchitis, emphysema and cancer due to chemicals inhaled in the smoke like nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide.
Tobacco is a plant within the Nicotiana genus of the Solanaceae family. The most common commercial crop is Nicotiana tabacum, which contains the stimulant alkaloid nicotine. Tobacco use is a risk factor for many diseases, especially those affecting the heart, lungs and liver, and several cancers. It has a long history of use among indigenous peoples in the Americas prior to European colonization. While it was initially popularized and its production fostered economies, it is now recognized as a cause of preventable death and its use is regulated in many places.
This document summarizes the history and health impacts of tobacco use. It notes that tobacco originated from Central America and was originally used in religious ceremonies by Maya people. Its use spread globally starting in Europe in the 19th century. Today, around 1.2 billion people smoke worldwide. The document outlines some of the major toxic chemicals in tobacco like nicotine, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide and how they negatively impact the body. Long-term tobacco use is linked to serious health issues such as cancer, heart attacks, and decreased lung function.
This document summarizes the history and health impacts of tobacco use. It notes that tobacco originated in Central America and was used in religious ceremonies by Maya people before spreading worldwide. In the 19th century, the invention of matches caused smoking to become more common. While laws regulating smoking, especially among minors, began in the early 1900s in Japan, over 1.2 billion people now smoke worldwide. The document then outlines several toxic chemicals in tobacco like nicotine, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide and their negative health effects on the body. It concludes by stating smoking can increase risks of cancer, heart attacks, lung diseases, and other health problems.
Take Tobacco Back - Keeping Tobacco SacredCatalyst
This document provides a brief history of tobacco use among indigenous peoples in North America and the influence of European colonization. It discusses how various tribes traditionally used tobacco for medicinal, ceremonial, and trade purposes. It then outlines how commercial tobacco grew into a profitable industry for Europeans and led to high rates of tobacco-related illnesses and death among native populations today.
Tobacco is a plant native to South and Central America that is now cultivated worldwide. It contains nicotine, a powerful stimulant that is highly addictive. Tobacco leaves can be burned and inhaled through cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or absorbed through spit tobacco, chew, or snuff. Nicotine is delivered through the membranes in the nose, mouth, and lungs into the bloodstream and brain. Second-hand smoke exposes non-smokers to over 4,000 chemicals, including 50 that cause cancer. It has twice as much nicotine and tar as inhaled smoke and five times the carbon monoxide.
Tobacco is a plant native to North America that is processed and used in various products like cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco. There are over 70 types of tobacco. It is farmed in many countries around the world. Nicotine in tobacco is highly addictive, similar to heroin or cocaine. When a person quits smoking tobacco, they may experience withdrawal symptoms like depression, anxiety, headaches, appetite changes, and coughing as the body adjusts to not having nicotine. Smoking tobacco exposes the body to gases that can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Long-term tobacco use has been linked to many serious health issues such as cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses.
This document provides a history of tobacco use and abuse around the world. It describes how tobacco originated with indigenous groups in North and South America for medicinal and ceremonial purposes. When Europeans discovered tobacco in the 15th century, it was introduced around the world and initially used medicinally to treat various ailments. However, tobacco also became widely commercialized and abused through cigarettes and other smoked/smokeless tobacco products, leading to significant health issues like cancer. The document outlines the global spread of tobacco and issues with its increasing recreational and commercial use compared to traditional spiritual practices.
Tobacco is a plant native to America that is processed and used in various products like cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco. There are over 70 types of tobacco. It is cultivated in many countries around the world. When smoked or chewed, tobacco exposes the user to nicotine, which is highly addictive similarly to heroin or cocaine, making cessation difficult and causing withdrawal symptoms like depression, anxiety, and cravings. Tobacco use also significantly increases the risk of various illnesses and diseases like cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems.
Lecture 8 from a college level neuropharmacology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University. Includes neurochemistry, pharmacodynamics.
Tobacco is a plant native to South and Central America that is now cultivated worldwide. It contains nicotine, a powerful stimulant that is highly addictive. Tobacco leaves can be burned and inhaled through cigarettes, cigars, pipes or absorbed through spit tobacco, chew or snuff. Nicotine is delivered through the membranes in the nose, mouth and lungs into the bloodstream and brain. Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke inhale many of the same toxic and cancer-causing chemicals as smokers.
Tobacco is prepared from the cured leaves of the tobacco plant, which contains the stimulant alkaloid nicotine. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly used for smoking but can also be consumed through other methods like chewing or dipping. Tobacco use is a risk factor for many diseases, especially affecting the heart, liver, lungs, and many cancers, and was named the single greatest cause of preventable death by the World Health Organization in 2008.
mengenai bahaya merokok ,di ppt ini kita bisa tau sejarah dan baya merokok serta tips.a dan ni juga di adopsi dari ppt yang disalin dari bhsa indonesia ke inggris.. selamat menikmati
Tobacco is a great herb with lot of beneficial effects but due to its narcotic effect it is only misused.
Raw unprocessed tobacco is safe to use in permissible quantity for its beneficial effects as herb and medicine...
The document discusses different types of tobacco and curing methods. It describes 10 types of tobacco including brightleaf tobacco, burley tobacco, Cavendish, criollo tobacco, dokham, Turkish tobacco, perique, shade tobacco, white burley and wild tobacco. It also explains 4 main curing methods - air curing, fire curing, flue curing, and sun curing. Each curing method results in tobacco with different sugar and nicotine levels, used for different tobacco products.
The document discusses the harmful effects of smoking tobacco. It notes that tobacco smoking is the second leading cause of death worldwide, killing over 5 million people per year. The document outlines that cigarettes contain over 4000 chemicals, including 43 known carcinogens. It also discusses the three types of smoke produced from cigarette smoking - mainstream, sidestream, and third-hand smoke. All three expose smokers and those around them to harmful toxins that increase risks of cancer, heart disease, and other serious health issues. The key message is that tobacco smoking has devastating long-term consequences for human health.
Smoking involves burning a substance, usually tobacco, and inhaling the smoke. Tobacco smoking is the most common form of smoking, practiced by over one billion people worldwide. Smoking has a long history dating back 5000 BC and was used in religious rituals before becoming popular for recreational use due to substances like nicotine. While tobacco and cannabis are most commonly smoked, other drugs like opium were also smoked, though smoking rates have declined in recent decades due to health concerns. Smoking carries significant health risks like cancer, heart disease, and lung damage.
This document summarizes the various negative health effects of smoking on the body's major systems. It discusses how smoking can damage the lungs and respiratory system, increasing risks of infections, COPD, and lung cancer. It also outlines smoking's impacts on the cardiovascular system like restricting blood flow, raising blood pressure and cholesterol, and increasing risks of heart disease and stroke. Additionally, it notes smoking's effects on other systems like the skin, mouth, digestive system, and reproductive organs, as well as links to various cancers and other health issues.
Tobacco is an agricultural product made from the leaves of plants in the Nicotiana genus. It contains the addictive drug nicotine. There are three main types of tobacco - Virginia, burley, and oriental - which differ based on drying methods. Tobacco can be consumed in smoked and smokeless forms. Smoked tobacco includes cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and waterpipes. Smokeless tobacco includes chewing tobacco, dipping tobacco, and snus. Tobacco use has a long history and many health risks, but remains widely used globally.
Tobacco is prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant, which contains the stimulant alkaloid nicotine. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly smoked or consumed orally. Tobacco was first used by indigenous peoples in the Americas and was introduced to Europe in the 16th century. It became increasingly popular following the industrial revolution when cigarette production was mass-produced. Long-term tobacco use can cause serious health issues such as bronchitis, emphysema and cancer due to chemicals inhaled in the smoke like nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide.
Tobacco is a plant within the Nicotiana genus of the Solanaceae family. The most common commercial crop is Nicotiana tabacum, which contains the stimulant alkaloid nicotine. Tobacco use is a risk factor for many diseases, especially those affecting the heart, lungs and liver, and several cancers. It has a long history of use among indigenous peoples in the Americas prior to European colonization. While it was initially popularized and its production fostered economies, it is now recognized as a cause of preventable death and its use is regulated in many places.
This document summarizes the history and health impacts of tobacco use. It notes that tobacco originated from Central America and was originally used in religious ceremonies by Maya people. Its use spread globally starting in Europe in the 19th century. Today, around 1.2 billion people smoke worldwide. The document outlines some of the major toxic chemicals in tobacco like nicotine, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide and how they negatively impact the body. Long-term tobacco use is linked to serious health issues such as cancer, heart attacks, and decreased lung function.
This document summarizes the history and health impacts of tobacco use. It notes that tobacco originated in Central America and was used in religious ceremonies by Maya people before spreading worldwide. In the 19th century, the invention of matches caused smoking to become more common. While laws regulating smoking, especially among minors, began in the early 1900s in Japan, over 1.2 billion people now smoke worldwide. The document then outlines several toxic chemicals in tobacco like nicotine, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide and their negative health effects on the body. It concludes by stating smoking can increase risks of cancer, heart attacks, lung diseases, and other health problems.
Take Tobacco Back - Keeping Tobacco SacredCatalyst
This document provides a brief history of tobacco use among indigenous peoples in North America and the influence of European colonization. It discusses how various tribes traditionally used tobacco for medicinal, ceremonial, and trade purposes. It then outlines how commercial tobacco grew into a profitable industry for Europeans and led to high rates of tobacco-related illnesses and death among native populations today.
Tobacco is a plant native to South and Central America that is now cultivated worldwide. It contains nicotine, a powerful stimulant that is highly addictive. Tobacco leaves can be burned and inhaled through cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or absorbed through spit tobacco, chew, or snuff. Nicotine is delivered through the membranes in the nose, mouth, and lungs into the bloodstream and brain. Second-hand smoke exposes non-smokers to over 4,000 chemicals, including 50 that cause cancer. It has twice as much nicotine and tar as inhaled smoke and five times the carbon monoxide.
Tobacco is a plant native to North America that is processed and used in various products like cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco. There are over 70 types of tobacco. It is farmed in many countries around the world. Nicotine in tobacco is highly addictive, similar to heroin or cocaine. When a person quits smoking tobacco, they may experience withdrawal symptoms like depression, anxiety, headaches, appetite changes, and coughing as the body adjusts to not having nicotine. Smoking tobacco exposes the body to gases that can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. Long-term tobacco use has been linked to many serious health issues such as cancer, heart disease, and respiratory illnesses.
This document provides a history of tobacco use and abuse around the world. It describes how tobacco originated with indigenous groups in North and South America for medicinal and ceremonial purposes. When Europeans discovered tobacco in the 15th century, it was introduced around the world and initially used medicinally to treat various ailments. However, tobacco also became widely commercialized and abused through cigarettes and other smoked/smokeless tobacco products, leading to significant health issues like cancer. The document outlines the global spread of tobacco and issues with its increasing recreational and commercial use compared to traditional spiritual practices.
Tobacco is a plant native to America that is processed and used in various products like cigarettes, cigars, and pipe tobacco. There are over 70 types of tobacco. It is cultivated in many countries around the world. When smoked or chewed, tobacco exposes the user to nicotine, which is highly addictive similarly to heroin or cocaine, making cessation difficult and causing withdrawal symptoms like depression, anxiety, and cravings. Tobacco use also significantly increases the risk of various illnesses and diseases like cancer, heart disease, and respiratory problems.
Lecture 8 from a college level neuropharmacology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University. Includes neurochemistry, pharmacodynamics.
Tobacco is a plant native to South and Central America that is now cultivated worldwide. It contains nicotine, a powerful stimulant that is highly addictive. Tobacco leaves can be burned and inhaled through cigarettes, cigars, pipes or absorbed through spit tobacco, chew or snuff. Nicotine is delivered through the membranes in the nose, mouth and lungs into the bloodstream and brain. Non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke inhale many of the same toxic and cancer-causing chemicals as smokers.
Tobacco is prepared from the cured leaves of the tobacco plant, which contains the stimulant alkaloid nicotine. Dried tobacco leaves are mainly used for smoking but can also be consumed through other methods like chewing or dipping. Tobacco use is a risk factor for many diseases, especially affecting the heart, liver, lungs, and many cancers, and was named the single greatest cause of preventable death by the World Health Organization in 2008.
mengenai bahaya merokok ,di ppt ini kita bisa tau sejarah dan baya merokok serta tips.a dan ni juga di adopsi dari ppt yang disalin dari bhsa indonesia ke inggris.. selamat menikmati
Tobacco is a great herb with lot of beneficial effects but due to its narcotic effect it is only misused.
Raw unprocessed tobacco is safe to use in permissible quantity for its beneficial effects as herb and medicine...
The document discusses different types of tobacco and curing methods. It describes 10 types of tobacco including brightleaf tobacco, burley tobacco, Cavendish, criollo tobacco, dokham, Turkish tobacco, perique, shade tobacco, white burley and wild tobacco. It also explains 4 main curing methods - air curing, fire curing, flue curing, and sun curing. Each curing method results in tobacco with different sugar and nicotine levels, used for different tobacco products.
The document discusses the harmful effects of smoking tobacco. It notes that tobacco smoking is the second leading cause of death worldwide, killing over 5 million people per year. The document outlines that cigarettes contain over 4000 chemicals, including 43 known carcinogens. It also discusses the three types of smoke produced from cigarette smoking - mainstream, sidestream, and third-hand smoke. All three expose smokers and those around them to harmful toxins that increase risks of cancer, heart disease, and other serious health issues. The key message is that tobacco smoking has devastating long-term consequences for human health.
Smoking involves burning a substance, usually tobacco, and inhaling the smoke. Tobacco smoking is the most common form of smoking, practiced by over one billion people worldwide. Smoking has a long history dating back 5000 BC and was used in religious rituals before becoming popular for recreational use due to substances like nicotine. While tobacco and cannabis are most commonly smoked, other drugs like opium were also smoked, though smoking rates have declined in recent decades due to health concerns. Smoking carries significant health risks like cancer, heart disease, and lung damage.
This document summarizes the various negative health effects of smoking on the body's major systems. It discusses how smoking can damage the lungs and respiratory system, increasing risks of infections, COPD, and lung cancer. It also outlines smoking's impacts on the cardiovascular system like restricting blood flow, raising blood pressure and cholesterol, and increasing risks of heart disease and stroke. Additionally, it notes smoking's effects on other systems like the skin, mouth, digestive system, and reproductive organs, as well as links to various cancers and other health issues.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. Tobacco
Márcio Padilha
College of Southern Idaho
ADDS 201 – Goffin
Fall / 2009
2. Before the Common Era
Circa • Experts believe the tobacco plant, as we know it today,
6000 begins growing in the Americas.
• (Whiteman, Day, & Nash, 2007)
BCE:
Circa • Historians believe American inhabitants begin finding ways to use
tobacco, including smoking, chewing and hallucinogenic enemas.
1 • (Borio, 2001)
BCE:
Circa • Tobacco was "nearly everywhere" in the Americas.
• (Borio, 1997)
1 CE:
3. Early Middle Ages
Between 470-630 CE:
• The Mayas began to disperse,
spreading their custom to the
neighboring peoples.
• Believing their gods reveal themselves
in the rising smoke, tobacco smoking
becomes an entheogen.
• A complex system of religious and
political rites is created around tobacco.
• (Hoffman, Radin, & Schoolcraft, 2007)
4. Early Modern Age
Natives wrap leaves
“in the manner of a
Columbus lands on musket formed of
the Bahamas and Europeans observe paper” and, after
receives “certain that such leaves are lighting one end,
dried leaves" from in high value among "drink" the smoke
the natives, which the natives. through the other.
are thrown away.
• (Borio, 1993)
5. Early Modern Age
Rodrigo de Jerez is thought to be the first confirmed
European smoker.
He took the habit back to Spain. However, smoke coming
from his mouth and nose frightens his neighbors.
Imprisoned by the Holy Inquisitors for 7 years.
By the time he was released, smoking was a Spanish craze.
• (Weaver, 2004)
6. Late Modern Age
Post XVI Century:
• “All along the sea routes ... wherever they
had trading posts, the Portuguese began
the limited planting of tobacco. Before the
end of the sixteenth century they had
developed these small farms to a point
where they could be assured of enough
tobacco to meet their personal needs, for
gifts, and for barter. By the beginning of
the seventeenth century these farms had,
in many places, become plantations, often
under native control.”
• (Brecher, 2007)
11. Pharmacology
Inhaled nicotine is distributed quickly in the body through the bloodstream.
Can cross the blood-brain barrier.
On average it takes about seven seconds for the substance to reach the brain
when inhaled.
Both a stimulant and a relaxant.
Activates reward pathways with intense addictive qualities.
Many studies it has been shown to be more addictive than cocaine and heroin.
(Xiu X, 2009)
12. Types of Tobacco
• Sun-cured,
Aromatic • Cured by gentle Turkish
fire-cured aromatic, small-
open fire smoke Tobacco leafed variety
• Most commonly • Pressure-
Brightleaf
Tobacco known brad leaf Perique fermented. Too
tobacco strong to smoke
Shade • Cultivated in
Burley
Tobacco
• Air-cured tobacco CT/MA. Puritan’s
Tobacco “Evil Weed”
• Curing process and White • OH-planted, air-
Cavendish
cutting method Burley cured, milder
Wild • Native to the SW
Criollo • One of the original USA, Mex, parts of S
Tobacco Caribbean tobaccos Tobacco Ame
• Iranian, mixed with
• Cross-bred, unusually
Dokham leaves, bark and Y1 high nicotine content.
herb
(World Health Organization, 2002)
13. Modes of Consumption
Passive Smoking
• Involuntary consumption of smoked tobacco
• Second-hand smoke: burning end is present
• Third-hand smoke: remaining smoke after the burning
extinguished
Chewing/Smokeless Tobacco
• Consumed by placing a portion of the tobacco between the
cheek and gum or teeth and chewing
Cigars
• Tightly rolled, dried and fermented tobacco, not inhaled due
to high alkalinity
• The United States is the top consuming country
(World Health Organization, 2002)
14. Modes of Consumption
Electronic Cigarettes
• No tobacco is consumed, battery-powered device, provides
doses of vaporized nicotine
Hookah
• Single or multi-stemmed, often glass-based, Operates by
water filtration and indirect heat
• Originally from India, Popular in the Middle East
Kretek
• Complex blend of tobacco, cloves and a flavoring “sauce”
• Introduced in the 1880’s in Java to deliver medicinal
eugenol of cloves to the lungs.
(World Health Organization, 2002)
15. Modes of Consumption
Pipe
• Small chamber (the bowl), thin stem (shank), mouthpiece
(the bit).
• Tobaccos for pipe-smoking are carefully treated and
blended to achieve flavor nuances not available in other
tobacco products.
Midwakh
• Small pipe of Arabian origin
• Primarily found in the United Arab Emirates
Vaporizer
• No burning of the herb, materials are heated in a partial
vacuum, plant active compounds boil off into a vapor
• Tobacco vaporizes between 284 °F – 392 °F
(140°C/200°C)
(World Health Organization, 2002)
16. Modes of Consumption
Bidi
• Thin, often flavored, made of tobacco, wrapped in a tendu
leaf
• Low cost, Popular in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka,
Cambodia and India
Hand-rolled Cigarette
• Hand-rolled cigarettes, very popular in European countries
• Prepared from loose tobacco, cigarette papers and filters all
bought separately, usually much cheaper to make
Industrialized Cigarette
• Consumed through smoking/inhaling, manufactured out of
finely-cut cured tobacco leaves, reconstituted tobacco and
additive.
(World Health Organization, 2002)
17. What’s in a cigarette?
(Cornell University, 2008)
18. Making of a Cigarette
What’s in a
cigarette?
http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=vNCIVetOmEY
(History Channel, 2007)
19. Acute Effects of Tobacco
Usage
(Center for Desease Control, 2009)
20. Tobacco Tolerance
Nicotine
Strength
Quantity
Speed
Frequency
(Center for Desease Control, 2009)
25. Nicotine Poisoning
Five cigarettes for an
adult.
One half cigar for an
adult.
One cigarette for a
toddler.
(Center for Desease Control, 2009)
26. Children and Nicotine
Poisoning
Many children get nicotine
poisoning after eating
cigarettes or cigarette butts.
Children have also become
poisoned by topical medicinal
creams containing nicotine.
(Center for Desease Control, 2009)
27. Synergism
• Masculinity
• Power
Social: • Social Status
• Promiscuity
Demographic • Developing countries and transitional
economies are more likely to consume
s: tobacco than developed countries.
• Leads to a vast array of diseases
Health: primarily affecting the heart and lungs
as well as different types of cancer.
• Much of the disease burden and
Economic: premature mortality attributable to
tobacco use disproportionately affect
the poor.
• Tobacco lobby gives money to
Political: politicians to vote in favor of
deregulating tobacco.
(WHO, 2003)
32. Have you seen this picture
before?
(Wikipedia, 2006)
33. The only country where tobacco sales is
illegal
BHUTAN
(Wikipedia, 2009)
34. Tobacco Treatment Issues
Age of Onset
Tobacco Tobacco
and Length of
Legality Availability
Addiction
Non-
Tobacco hallucinogenic Physical
Low Cost Dependence
Properties
(Center for Desease Control, 2009)
35. Treatment
Self
Motivation
Rally
support
Therapeutic
Assistance
Courage and willingness to
bounce back from relapse
(Center for Desease Control, 2009)
36. Societal Effects
Average Shortening of Lifespan in
MORTALIT
Years
14.5
Y
13.2
Males Females
(WHO, 2008)
37. Societal Effects
Males Females
CANCER BEFORE
RISK OF DYING
22.1
FROM LUNG
AGE 85
11.9
1.1 0.8
Smoker Non-Smoker
(WHO, 2008)
43. Adversities to Prevention
Trade Liberalization
International
Direct Foreign
Contraband and
Investment
Counterfeit
Transnational
Advertising, Promotion Global Marketing
and Sponsorship
(WHO, 2003)
44. World Health Organization
Framework Convention
on Tobacco Control
Asserts the Paradigm
Reaffirms importance shift in
the right of of demand developing
Evidence- all people to reduction a regulatory
based. the highest strategies strategy to
standard of as well as address
health. supply addictive
issues. substances.
(WHO, 2003)
45. World Health Organization
Framework Convention
on Tobacco Control
Adopted by the One of the most As of
Entered into 05/10/2004:
World Health widely 166 11/18/2009, not
force on USA became a
Assembly on embraced Signatories. ratified by the
02/27/2005. signatory.
May 21, 2003. treaties. USA.
(WHO, 2003)
47. World Health Organization
Article 5.3: Articles 6 & 7:
• Call for a limitation in the • Tax and other measures to
Framework Convention interactions between lawmakers reduce tobacco demand.
and the tobacco industry.
on Tobacco Control
Article 9 & 11: Article 10: Article 8:
• Large health warning (at least • The contents and emissions of • Obligation to protect all people
30% of the packet cover, 50% or tobacco products are to be from exposure to tobacco smoke
more recommended); deceptive regulated and ingredients are to in indoor workplaces, public
labels ("mild", "light", etc.) are be disclosed. transport and indoor public
prohibited. places.
(WHO, 2003)
48. World Health Organization
Article 12: Article 13: Article 14:
• Public awareness for the • Comprehensive • Addiction and cessation
consequences of smoking. ban, unless the national programs.
constitution forbids it.
Articles 20, 21, & 22: Article 16: Article 15:
• Tobacco-related research • Restricted sales to minors. • Action is required to
and information sharing eliminate illicit trade of
among the parties. tobacco products.
(WHO, 2003)
49. Prevention
Public Health Cigarette
Smoking Act of 1970
"Warning: The Surgeon General Has Determined
that Cigarette Smoking Is Dangerous to Your Health.”
Banned cigarette advertisements on American radio
and television.
(Center for Desease Control, 2000)
50. Prevention
Comprehensive Smoking
Education Act of 1984 (PL 98–474)
SURGEON GENERAL’S SURGEON GENERAL’S SURGEON GENERAL’S SURGEON GENERAL’S
WARNING: WARNING: WARNING: WARNING:
Smoking Causes Lung Quitting Smoking Now Smoking by Pregnant Cigarette Smoke Contains
Cancer, Heart Greatly Reduces Serious Women May Result in Fetal Carbon Monoxide.
Disease, Emphysema, and Risks to Your Health. Injury, Premature Birth, and
May Complicate Pregnancy. Low Birth Weight.
(Center for Desease Control, 2000)
51. Prevention
Framewor
k • Large Health
Conventio Warning
n on
Tobacco • No Deceptive Labels
Control
(WHO, 2003)
52. Prevention
(Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 2009)
53. Prevention
(Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 2009)
54. Prevention
Victim of this Product: Gangrene:
This product intoxicates mother and child Using this product clogs up arteries making blood
causing premature birth and death circulation difficult.
(Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 2009)
55. Prevention
Death: Heart Attack:
Using this product causes death due to Using this product causes death due to
lung cancer and emphysema. cardiac diseases.
(Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 2009)
56. Prevention
Toxic Smoke: Horror:
Breathing this product’s smoke causes This product causes premature skin aging.
pneumonia and bronchitis.
(Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 2009)
57. Prevention
Impotence: Stroke:
Using this product diminishes, causes difficulties Using this product will increase the risk of stroke.
or impedes erections.
(Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 2009)
58. Prevention
Toxic Product: Suffering:
This product contains toxic substances Nicotine dependence leads to sadness, pain and death.
which cause sickness and death.
(Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 2009)
60. Prevention
Chile: Panama:
In Chile, tobacco kills 16,000 persons every year. Smoking causes cardiovascular diseases.
The next can be you.
(WHO, 2009)
72. Prevention
Framework • Interaction
Convention limitation between
on lawmakers and
Tobacco the tobacco
Control
industry
(WHO, 2003)
73. The 1992 Lobby Industry in US$ Thousands
$2,004,866
$1,853,741
$1,675,219
$1,484,731 $1,444,412
$1,354,547 $1,338,659
$957,261
$865,230
$803,197
$514,447
(Ferraro, 1992)
74. Factoid
At US$2,004,866,000; the
1992 Tobacco Industry Lobby
Budget in the United States
is greater than the 2008
Gross Internal Product of 14
Sovereign Nations in world.
91. Prevention
So…
…which type of
prevention approach
do you feel to be the
most efficient?
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Editor's Notes
entheogen is a term used to refer to any psychoactive substances when used for their religious or spiritual effects, whether or not in a formal religious or traditional structure
MidwakhSmall pipe of Arabian originPrimarily found in the United Arab Emirates
No less than 30% of the packet cover 50% or more recommendedNo Deceptive labels ("mild", "light", etc.) are prohibited.