Preparation of monoclonal antibodies and some of their various uses.

1. Monoclonal Antibodies
Prepared by:
Group 1
Supervised by:
Dr. Falwa AlQahtani

2. Antibodies
1- Polyclonal Antibodies.
2- Monoclonal Antibody.

3. Polyclonal Antibodies
Antibody preparations from immunized
animals. Consist of complex mixtures of
different antibodies produced by many
different B cell clones.

4. Monoclonal Antibody
Homogeneous antibody preparations
produced in the laboratory. Consist of a
single type of antigen binding site,
produced by a single B cell clone.

5. Producing Monoclonal Antibodies

6. Qualities of Monoclonal Antibodies
• They are uniform.
• They are highly specific.
• They can be produced readily in large
quantities.
• Stable antibody which can be used over a
period of time.
• They use in diagnostic test and for cancer
treatment.

7. 1) Pregnancy Tests
• A pregnant woman has the hormone human
chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in her urine.
• Monoclonal antibodies to HCG have been
produced. These have been attached to
enzymes which can later interact with a dye
molecule and produce a colour change.

8. Pregnancy Tests
• Pregnancy test contains three regions :
– Reaction region
– Test region
– Control region

9. Pregnancy Tests
• Urine travels up the pregnancy test, HCG will
bind to monoclonal antibodies in reaction
region
• Movement of the urine will move the
monoclonal antibodies up to the test region
• Monoclonal antibodies with bound HCG will
bind to antibodies in test region and activate
dye molecules, producing a colour change
• Any unbound monoclonal antibodies will
continue to travel to control region and will
bind to anti-mouse antibodies, activating dye
molecules and producing a colour change

10. Pregnancy Tests

11. 2) Diagnosis of HIV Infection
• The test of HIV infection is based on
detecting the presence of HIV antibody in
the patient’s blood serum.

12. Diagnosis of HIV Infection
a) HIV antigen is attached to the plate.
b) Patients serum passed over the plate. Any HIV antibody
in the patients serum will attached to the antigen
already on the plate.
c) A second antibody which is specific to the HIV antibody
is passed over the plate. This antibody will attach to the
concentrated HIV antibody on the plate. This second
antibody has an enzyme attached to its structure.
d) Chromagen dye is passed over the complex of
concentrated HIV antibody/conjugated antibody.
e) The enzyme will turn the chromagen to a more intense
colour. The more intense the colour, the greater the HIV
antibody level. This would be the a positive result for a
HIV test.

13. 3) Treatment of Cancer
- Cancer cells carry
specific tumour-associated
antigens (TAA)
on their plasma
membrane.
- Monoclonal anti-TAA
antibodies have been
produced.

14. Treatment of Cancer
• Drugs which kill tumour cells or inhibit key
proteins in tumour cells are attached to
monoclonal anti-TAA antibodies.
• Cancer cells are specifically targeted, avoiding
damage to healthy host cells.

15. Thank You