Financial system and markets:
objectives of financial system-
Concepts of financial system-
Financial concepts-
Development of financial systems in India-
Weakness of Indian financial system
Financial system and markets:
objectives of financial system-
Concepts of financial system-
Financial concepts-
Development of financial systems in India-
Weakness of Indian financial system
Click on the link to watch full video on youtube
https://youtu.be/-rMBOD618W0
Money market is component of financial system where money or its equivalent assets can be traded. Money here represents liquidity.
It is place where public, large corporates and government manage their short term cash needs.
Short term borrowing and lending is done by financial institutions and dealers with liquid instruments having short term maturities (fortnight to one year).
Thus, money market is a market where short term obligations such as treasury bills, commercial papers and bankers acceptances are bought and sold.
FEATURES OF MONEY MARKET
It is a market purely for short-term funds having a maturity period less than one year only.
Transactions have to be conducted without the help of brokers.
It comprises of several sub-market like call money market, acceptance bill market, treasury bill market etc.
The players in the money market include commercial banks, government, corporates and NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Companies).
Transactions take place through phone i.e., oral communication. Relevant documents and written communications can be exchanged subsequently. There is no formal place like stock exchange as in the case of a capital market.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2. What is Financial market?
It is a mechanism which makes it possible for
borrowers to obtain funds and for lenders to
find suitable outlets for their finance.
4. What is Money market?
It means market where money or its equivalent
can be traded.
It includes short-term borrowing and lending with
original maturities of one year or shorter time
frames.
Instruments with high liquidity are traded.
5. What are financial instruments?
A financial instrument is a tradable asset of any
kind, either cash; evidence of an ownership
interest in an entity; or a contractual right to
receive, or deliver, cash or another financial
instrument.
Enable channelizing funds from surplus to
deficit units.
7. Organized sector
Commercial paper
Treasury bill
Repo
Call money
Certificate of deposits
Commercial bill
8. Commercial paper
Commercial Paper (CP) is an unsecured money market
instrument issued in the form of a promissory note.
Introduced in January 1990 by the R.B.I.
It is issued by large banks and corporations to get
money to meet short term obligations.
It has fixed maturity of 1 to 270 days.
9. Treasury bill market
The R.B.I. issues the treasury bills on behalf of the
government to meet its deficits etc.
The commercial banks can invest there SLR’s with the
government in the form of these treasury bills.
Treasury bills, commonly referred to as T-Bills are
issued by Government of India against their short term
borrowing requirements with maturities ranging
between 14 to 364 days.
10. Market Repo
A security is sold with an agreement to
repurchase it at a pre-determined date and
rate.
It was introduced in December 1992.
The difference between the original sale price
of the security and repurchase sale price
represents interest, which is known as repo rate.
11. CALL MONEY MARKET
Money lent for one day is called ‘call money’; if it exceeds 1
day but is less than 15 days it is called ‘notice money’.
Money lent for more than 15 days is ‘term money’
The borrowing is exclusively limited to banks, who are
temporarily short of funds.
The main function of the call money market is to
redistribute the pool of day-to-day surplus funds of banks
among other banks in temporary deficit of funds.
12. Certificate of deposits
Introduced in 1989 by R.B.I
The commercial bank issued CD’s to the depositor.
They are issued at a discount rate freely determined by
the market/investors.
CD’s are transferable freely after 15days from the date
of issue.
13. Commercial bill
The commercial bill is also known as bill of exchange or
trade bill it is bill drawn by the seller to the buyer.
The bill period is 90 days, and interest charged is the rate
of discount which is based on market demand and supply.
During the fixed period bill can be discounted and
rediscounted by the commercial bank , this makes the bill
as self liquidating short term fund.
15. Indigenous bankers
Vary in size from petty lenders to substantial
shroffs.
Act as money changers and finance internal trade
through internal bills of exchange.
Indigenous banking is usually family owned
business employing own working capital.
16. Chit funds & Nidhis
Chit funds are very common means of group
activities, where members contribute a fixed
amount of money and the beneficiary will be on the
basis of previously criteria or bids etc.
Nidhi are mutual benefit funds, member collect
huge amount of money and the same money is
advanced as loans to members and non members.
17. Money lenders
They give loan against crops, gold & other securities
etc.
They charge high rate of interest.
They use any means to recover their loans.
They give immediate loans and loans for any purpose.
• Keep close social relations with their clients.