This document summarizes a speech given by Carolyn Wilkins, Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Canada, about cryptocurrencies and central banks. Wilkins discusses three main questions for central banks: what is fundamentally new about cryptocurrencies, could private cryptocurrencies enable better monetary policy, and should central banks issue digital currencies of their own. While distributed ledger technology offers innovations, it does not eliminate the need for trust. Private cryptocurrencies also cannot replace central bank control of money supply or transmission of monetary policy. The Bank of Canada has been experimenting with distributed ledger technology through Project Jasper to understand its applications and limitations.
IMF Fintech report - cross board paymentClement Hsieh
The PPT content comes from IMF "Fintech and Financial Services - Initial Considerations" report. It gives clear overview to cross board payment, so it is used in our graduate Fintech course as case study.
Drivers for CBDC and implications for architectureDavid Birch
A discussion of the key drivers for central bank digital currency and the implications of those drivers for the likely technical architecture of a retail implementation.
Will Digital Currencies Break The Banking System? Harsh Chitroda
So, when we ask a question of how will digital currency affect banks? So, we can say that Digital currencies are likely to give central banks more insight into the movement of money in the economy. The widespread use of electronic payment systems may also aid authorities to crack down on money-laundering and terrorist-financing efforts. Or on the other hand, we can also say that the Banks are afraid because Cryptocurrency exchange is a non-banking transaction. and if the Cryptos gain favours it can disrupt the ability of banks to create money. If this disruption alarms the central banks, then they will do something about it.
Central bank digital currencies - full reserve banks and Libra..?Simon Lelieveldt
Slides prepared for the economists café at the Rabobank, June 26, 2019, with the goal of clarifying how full reserve banken and central bank digital currencies may be niece and nephew while Libra remains an Orphan.
The Digital Programmable Euro, Libra and CBDC: Implications for European BanksPhilipp Marcello Schulden
The document summarizes the key findings of a study conducted by the Frankfurt School Blockchain Center on the implications of digital currencies like the digital Euro, Libra, and CBDCs for European banks. Over 50 senior experts from central banks, financial institutions, and companies were interviewed in June-July 2020. The study found benefits like improved payment efficiency but also risks like potential financial stability issues or a diminishing role for central banks. Most experts did not expect a Euro CBDC before 2023 and anticipated Libra launching in 2021.
JP Morgan Crypto Report - Feb 3, 2022 "The Maltese Falcon"Mike Dudas
Venture capital investment in cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies has increased dramatically in recent years, rivaling investment in other innovation sectors. However, the author is more interested in the long-term returns on this capital rather than just the mobilization of funds. Adoption of cryptocurrencies is rising across different investor types and regions globally, though institutional ownership remains relatively low. The author examines bitcoin and its potential as a store of value but finds that its volatility does not currently support the store of value thesis, as it often rises when equity market volatility increases as well.
IMF Fintech report - cross board paymentClement Hsieh
The PPT content comes from IMF "Fintech and Financial Services - Initial Considerations" report. It gives clear overview to cross board payment, so it is used in our graduate Fintech course as case study.
Drivers for CBDC and implications for architectureDavid Birch
A discussion of the key drivers for central bank digital currency and the implications of those drivers for the likely technical architecture of a retail implementation.
Will Digital Currencies Break The Banking System? Harsh Chitroda
So, when we ask a question of how will digital currency affect banks? So, we can say that Digital currencies are likely to give central banks more insight into the movement of money in the economy. The widespread use of electronic payment systems may also aid authorities to crack down on money-laundering and terrorist-financing efforts. Or on the other hand, we can also say that the Banks are afraid because Cryptocurrency exchange is a non-banking transaction. and if the Cryptos gain favours it can disrupt the ability of banks to create money. If this disruption alarms the central banks, then they will do something about it.
Central bank digital currencies - full reserve banks and Libra..?Simon Lelieveldt
Slides prepared for the economists café at the Rabobank, June 26, 2019, with the goal of clarifying how full reserve banken and central bank digital currencies may be niece and nephew while Libra remains an Orphan.
The Digital Programmable Euro, Libra and CBDC: Implications for European BanksPhilipp Marcello Schulden
The document summarizes the key findings of a study conducted by the Frankfurt School Blockchain Center on the implications of digital currencies like the digital Euro, Libra, and CBDCs for European banks. Over 50 senior experts from central banks, financial institutions, and companies were interviewed in June-July 2020. The study found benefits like improved payment efficiency but also risks like potential financial stability issues or a diminishing role for central banks. Most experts did not expect a Euro CBDC before 2023 and anticipated Libra launching in 2021.
JP Morgan Crypto Report - Feb 3, 2022 "The Maltese Falcon"Mike Dudas
Venture capital investment in cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies has increased dramatically in recent years, rivaling investment in other innovation sectors. However, the author is more interested in the long-term returns on this capital rather than just the mobilization of funds. Adoption of cryptocurrencies is rising across different investor types and regions globally, though institutional ownership remains relatively low. The author examines bitcoin and its potential as a store of value but finds that its volatility does not currently support the store of value thesis, as it often rises when equity market volatility increases as well.
This document summarizes a report by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). The report investigates the economic and policy drivers for different countries developing CBDCs. It finds that most projects are in digitized economies with high innovation capacity. The report also analyzes different technical design options for CBDCs. It describes the approaches being taken by the central banks of China, Sweden, and Canada as examples. The Chinese approach involves a pilot for a digital currency/electronic payment project. Sweden is exploring an e-krona project. And Canada sees a CBDC as a potential contingency plan.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) refers to a digital form of central bank-issued currency that can be used by all citizens. While cash is universally accessible but not digital, and bank accounts are digital but not issued by central banks, CBDC aims to achieve both universal accessibility and being in digital form while still being issued by central banks. There are various design choices that central banks must make regarding CBDC including whether it is for retail or wholesale use, how programmable it can be, and what objectives it aims to achieve such as financial inclusion. National banks will play an important stakeholder role in CBDC and there are also macroeconomic and regulatory considerations for central banks to take into account regarding a CBDC.
The central bank has historically engaged in commercial activities like taking deposits and lending to private citizens and firms. For over two centuries, the Bank of England vigorously pursued profit through these commercial activities. Similarly, the First and Second Banks of the United States actively participated in credit markets. Sometimes central banks dominated financial intermediation, as was the case for the Bank of Spain in 1900 which held over two-thirds of banking sector assets and deposits. The historical precedent suggests central banks opening their balance sheets to the public is not a new concept.
Round 2 - The Future of Digital Currency - Bhupinder DulkuBhupinder Dulku
Bhupinder Dulku's Round 2 submission of Project Firefly & Credit Suisse Research Institute's Academy Challenge 2018. This paper placed Top 4 (Chairman's Circle) against 150 participants from 20 different countries.
Complete Guide to CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency)OliviaJune1
CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) is a digital currency that is managed by central banks. It exists in virtual form on distributed ledgers like blockchain. Many countries are exploring CBDC as it offers advantages over physical cash and private cryptocurrencies. CBDCs would be directly issued and backed by central banks, making them safer and more stable than alternatives. They could reduce transaction costs and processing times while improving accessibility of financial services. Central banks are still researching the best technical designs for CBDCs, which may either use accounts or digital tokens on a blockchain network.
By examining digital currency, we aim to better understand
the impact it can have on the broader payments ecosystem.
While the concept of digital currency was introduced more
than a decade ago, recent developments have accelerated
its adoption, such as the emergence of fat-backed digital
currencies known as ‘stablecoins’; a growing community
of developers building applications on top of blockchain based networks; and rising interest among central banks to
introduce sovereign digital currencies.
CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currencies) Report Rein Mahatma
Central bank digital currencies (CBDC) could significantly change the global financial system and monetary policy. Most central banks are exploring CBDCs, with China and Sweden among the furthest along in testing initial versions. CBDCs could allow central banks to directly influence individuals and businesses, reducing the role of commercial banks. This may give central banks more options for unconventional monetary policies like negative interest rates far below zero. CBDCs also have implications for privacy, regulation, and the roles of governments, central banks, and commercial banks going forward.
A presentation about cashlessness at the London Futures Symposium. Are we moving towards a cashless society? If we are, who might the winners and losers be?
Patent Blockchain People Bank of China (PBOC)Rein Mahatma
The document discusses over 80 patent applications filed by the People's Bank of China related to the country's planned digital currency (DC/EP). The patents cover many aspects of the digital currency system, including its issuance, circulation, management, investment/financing functions, transactions, and relationship to blockchain technology. The DC/EP system is proposed as a two-tiered structure where the central bank issues currency to commercial banks, and commercial banks issue it to individuals and businesses. The patents provide technical details on functions like digital wallets, payments, exchanges between digital and physical currencies, and rules for the currency's usage and flow in the economy.
This document summarizes a book about decentralized finance (DeFi) and the future of finance. It discusses how DeFi poses a challenge to the current centralized financial system and offers potential solutions to its problems. The current system suffers from centralized control, limited access, inefficiency, lack of interoperability, and opacity. DeFi aims to build on open-source financial tools using blockchain technology to create sophisticated products with minimal friction and maximum value for users. It argues DeFi will eventually replace most centralized financial infrastructure by being more inclusive and allowing anyone to benefit from financial innovations through low or flat fees.
Why anonymity - unconditional anonymity - in central bank digital currency would be a disaster. Hence central bank digital currency cannot be "just like cash".
My presentation to the OMFIF Digital Monetary Institute Symposium, April 2021.
A high-level view of what tokens are and how they can be used to create Distributed Bearer Instruments (DBIs), a exploration of one obvious thing that DBIs can be used for (ie, money) and a model of digital currency to inform discussion.
Central banks have a mandate for monetary and financial stability in their jurisdictions and, explicitly or
implicitly, to promote broad access to safe and efficient payments. A core instrument by which central
banks carry out their public policy objectives is providing the safest form of money to banks, businesses
and the public – central bank money.
Survey BIS - Bank Of International Settlement - CBDCRein Mahatma
This survey summarizes the responses from 66 central banks regarding their work on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Key findings include:
1) 80% of central banks reported engaging in work on CBDCs, with half looking at both general purpose and wholesale CBDCs.
2) Emerging market economies reported stronger motivations for CBDCs and some have progressed pilots or development work.
3) 10% of central banks said they are likely to issue a general purpose CBDC in the next 3 years, representing 20% of the world's population.
Digital Currency Systems: Emerging B2B e-Commerce Alternative During Monetary...cjwells
Digital currency systems form the triumvirate nexus of government policies, money, and technology. Each has a global reach and responds to the needs of business and consumers. E-commerce depends on private and government financial institutions to enable payment transactions, the basis of e-commerce. As the United States financial crisis continues B2B enterprises may need to abandon traditional payment transaction systems and look to alternatives in the form of Web-based digital currency systems accessed via the Internet. The various types of digital currency systems generally fit into five categories: barter exchange software systems, non-bank digital currency payment systems, digital precious metal systems, online value transfer software systems, and online stored value transaction software systems. Digital currency systems are not online banking. Digital currency systems use private electronic monies: electronic tokens, barter-exchange currencies, digital cash, and stored value e-cash vouchers.
We explore the history of money against a backdrop of banking and government policies that cause cyclic monetary crises, how these current digital systems operate, how business can thereby benefit in their use, and why digital currency systems are such an underutilized service in the United States.
This document discusses retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) and monetary policy implications. It begins with an agenda that focuses on monetary economics and implications of technical features of CBDC. It then provides introductions to federal reserve money supply classifications and traditional monetary policy tools and frameworks. Sections discuss retail CBDC design considerations like interest rates, quantity limits, and convertibility. It poses questions about CBDC implications for monetary policy transmission, financial stability, and payment systems. The document also discusses Hong Kong and Singapore's monetary policy models and how CBDC could fit within their frameworks and managed exchange rate systems. It raises risks and mitigation strategies related to CBDC adoption.
The document provides an interview summary with Marc Zeller of Aave, a decentralized money market protocol. Some key points:
- Zeller explains decentralized finance (DeFi) in layman's terms as decentralized savings accounts, where users can deposit assets to earn interest and borrowers access liquidity to trade or invest.
- Recent achievements for Aave include growing the protocol total value locked from $0 to $186 million in 6 months and expanding flash loans to allow borrowing without collateral for single transactions.
- Upcoming developments include credit delegation, allowing users to delegate unused borrowing capacity to earn interest on supplied assets plus a spread.
- For mass adoption, Zeller believes transaction costs need to come down
This document discusses Bitcoin and its potential impact on banking and financial services. It begins by explaining what Bitcoin is - a digital currency and payment system based on blockchain technology. It then discusses why Bitcoin is interesting as it allows for decentralized transfer of value globally at low cost. The key actors in the Bitcoin system are miners, merchants, consumers and businesses. The document closes by discussing the regulatory landscape around Bitcoin and arguing that its underlying technology could provide efficiencies for financial services, while also noting risks around illicit use and consumer protection.
1 Blockchain needs a native digital asset such as bitcoin;
2 Bitcoin is digital gold and can be as relevant as physical gold for the history of money, finance, and civilization
3 Unrealistic expectations arise from distributed ledger hype: no reference implementation has emerged yet
4 Instant settlement, cash on the ledger, shared data set, and improved automation are not easy to obtain
5 Time-stamping and anchoring are promising applications
6 Hardly disruptive, DLT might be evolutionary DB tech
CBDCs are essentially digital versions of fiat currency designed to function as legal tender and regulated by a country’s central bank. CBDCs aim to streamline payment systems, reduce dependency on physical cash, enhance financial inclusion, and preserve monetary policy’s effectiveness
This document summarizes a report by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). The report investigates the economic and policy drivers for different countries developing CBDCs. It finds that most projects are in digitized economies with high innovation capacity. The report also analyzes different technical design options for CBDCs. It describes the approaches being taken by the central banks of China, Sweden, and Canada as examples. The Chinese approach involves a pilot for a digital currency/electronic payment project. Sweden is exploring an e-krona project. And Canada sees a CBDC as a potential contingency plan.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) refers to a digital form of central bank-issued currency that can be used by all citizens. While cash is universally accessible but not digital, and bank accounts are digital but not issued by central banks, CBDC aims to achieve both universal accessibility and being in digital form while still being issued by central banks. There are various design choices that central banks must make regarding CBDC including whether it is for retail or wholesale use, how programmable it can be, and what objectives it aims to achieve such as financial inclusion. National banks will play an important stakeholder role in CBDC and there are also macroeconomic and regulatory considerations for central banks to take into account regarding a CBDC.
The central bank has historically engaged in commercial activities like taking deposits and lending to private citizens and firms. For over two centuries, the Bank of England vigorously pursued profit through these commercial activities. Similarly, the First and Second Banks of the United States actively participated in credit markets. Sometimes central banks dominated financial intermediation, as was the case for the Bank of Spain in 1900 which held over two-thirds of banking sector assets and deposits. The historical precedent suggests central banks opening their balance sheets to the public is not a new concept.
Round 2 - The Future of Digital Currency - Bhupinder DulkuBhupinder Dulku
Bhupinder Dulku's Round 2 submission of Project Firefly & Credit Suisse Research Institute's Academy Challenge 2018. This paper placed Top 4 (Chairman's Circle) against 150 participants from 20 different countries.
Complete Guide to CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency)OliviaJune1
CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) is a digital currency that is managed by central banks. It exists in virtual form on distributed ledgers like blockchain. Many countries are exploring CBDC as it offers advantages over physical cash and private cryptocurrencies. CBDCs would be directly issued and backed by central banks, making them safer and more stable than alternatives. They could reduce transaction costs and processing times while improving accessibility of financial services. Central banks are still researching the best technical designs for CBDCs, which may either use accounts or digital tokens on a blockchain network.
By examining digital currency, we aim to better understand
the impact it can have on the broader payments ecosystem.
While the concept of digital currency was introduced more
than a decade ago, recent developments have accelerated
its adoption, such as the emergence of fat-backed digital
currencies known as ‘stablecoins’; a growing community
of developers building applications on top of blockchain based networks; and rising interest among central banks to
introduce sovereign digital currencies.
CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currencies) Report Rein Mahatma
Central bank digital currencies (CBDC) could significantly change the global financial system and monetary policy. Most central banks are exploring CBDCs, with China and Sweden among the furthest along in testing initial versions. CBDCs could allow central banks to directly influence individuals and businesses, reducing the role of commercial banks. This may give central banks more options for unconventional monetary policies like negative interest rates far below zero. CBDCs also have implications for privacy, regulation, and the roles of governments, central banks, and commercial banks going forward.
A presentation about cashlessness at the London Futures Symposium. Are we moving towards a cashless society? If we are, who might the winners and losers be?
Patent Blockchain People Bank of China (PBOC)Rein Mahatma
The document discusses over 80 patent applications filed by the People's Bank of China related to the country's planned digital currency (DC/EP). The patents cover many aspects of the digital currency system, including its issuance, circulation, management, investment/financing functions, transactions, and relationship to blockchain technology. The DC/EP system is proposed as a two-tiered structure where the central bank issues currency to commercial banks, and commercial banks issue it to individuals and businesses. The patents provide technical details on functions like digital wallets, payments, exchanges between digital and physical currencies, and rules for the currency's usage and flow in the economy.
This document summarizes a book about decentralized finance (DeFi) and the future of finance. It discusses how DeFi poses a challenge to the current centralized financial system and offers potential solutions to its problems. The current system suffers from centralized control, limited access, inefficiency, lack of interoperability, and opacity. DeFi aims to build on open-source financial tools using blockchain technology to create sophisticated products with minimal friction and maximum value for users. It argues DeFi will eventually replace most centralized financial infrastructure by being more inclusive and allowing anyone to benefit from financial innovations through low or flat fees.
Why anonymity - unconditional anonymity - in central bank digital currency would be a disaster. Hence central bank digital currency cannot be "just like cash".
My presentation to the OMFIF Digital Monetary Institute Symposium, April 2021.
A high-level view of what tokens are and how they can be used to create Distributed Bearer Instruments (DBIs), a exploration of one obvious thing that DBIs can be used for (ie, money) and a model of digital currency to inform discussion.
Central banks have a mandate for monetary and financial stability in their jurisdictions and, explicitly or
implicitly, to promote broad access to safe and efficient payments. A core instrument by which central
banks carry out their public policy objectives is providing the safest form of money to banks, businesses
and the public – central bank money.
Survey BIS - Bank Of International Settlement - CBDCRein Mahatma
This survey summarizes the responses from 66 central banks regarding their work on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). Key findings include:
1) 80% of central banks reported engaging in work on CBDCs, with half looking at both general purpose and wholesale CBDCs.
2) Emerging market economies reported stronger motivations for CBDCs and some have progressed pilots or development work.
3) 10% of central banks said they are likely to issue a general purpose CBDC in the next 3 years, representing 20% of the world's population.
Digital Currency Systems: Emerging B2B e-Commerce Alternative During Monetary...cjwells
Digital currency systems form the triumvirate nexus of government policies, money, and technology. Each has a global reach and responds to the needs of business and consumers. E-commerce depends on private and government financial institutions to enable payment transactions, the basis of e-commerce. As the United States financial crisis continues B2B enterprises may need to abandon traditional payment transaction systems and look to alternatives in the form of Web-based digital currency systems accessed via the Internet. The various types of digital currency systems generally fit into five categories: barter exchange software systems, non-bank digital currency payment systems, digital precious metal systems, online value transfer software systems, and online stored value transaction software systems. Digital currency systems are not online banking. Digital currency systems use private electronic monies: electronic tokens, barter-exchange currencies, digital cash, and stored value e-cash vouchers.
We explore the history of money against a backdrop of banking and government policies that cause cyclic monetary crises, how these current digital systems operate, how business can thereby benefit in their use, and why digital currency systems are such an underutilized service in the United States.
This document discusses retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) and monetary policy implications. It begins with an agenda that focuses on monetary economics and implications of technical features of CBDC. It then provides introductions to federal reserve money supply classifications and traditional monetary policy tools and frameworks. Sections discuss retail CBDC design considerations like interest rates, quantity limits, and convertibility. It poses questions about CBDC implications for monetary policy transmission, financial stability, and payment systems. The document also discusses Hong Kong and Singapore's monetary policy models and how CBDC could fit within their frameworks and managed exchange rate systems. It raises risks and mitigation strategies related to CBDC adoption.
The document provides an interview summary with Marc Zeller of Aave, a decentralized money market protocol. Some key points:
- Zeller explains decentralized finance (DeFi) in layman's terms as decentralized savings accounts, where users can deposit assets to earn interest and borrowers access liquidity to trade or invest.
- Recent achievements for Aave include growing the protocol total value locked from $0 to $186 million in 6 months and expanding flash loans to allow borrowing without collateral for single transactions.
- Upcoming developments include credit delegation, allowing users to delegate unused borrowing capacity to earn interest on supplied assets plus a spread.
- For mass adoption, Zeller believes transaction costs need to come down
This document discusses Bitcoin and its potential impact on banking and financial services. It begins by explaining what Bitcoin is - a digital currency and payment system based on blockchain technology. It then discusses why Bitcoin is interesting as it allows for decentralized transfer of value globally at low cost. The key actors in the Bitcoin system are miners, merchants, consumers and businesses. The document closes by discussing the regulatory landscape around Bitcoin and arguing that its underlying technology could provide efficiencies for financial services, while also noting risks around illicit use and consumer protection.
1 Blockchain needs a native digital asset such as bitcoin;
2 Bitcoin is digital gold and can be as relevant as physical gold for the history of money, finance, and civilization
3 Unrealistic expectations arise from distributed ledger hype: no reference implementation has emerged yet
4 Instant settlement, cash on the ledger, shared data set, and improved automation are not easy to obtain
5 Time-stamping and anchoring are promising applications
6 Hardly disruptive, DLT might be evolutionary DB tech
CBDCs are essentially digital versions of fiat currency designed to function as legal tender and regulated by a country’s central bank. CBDCs aim to streamline payment systems, reduce dependency on physical cash, enhance financial inclusion, and preserve monetary policy’s effectiveness
Global Trends In FinTech, focus on US and ChinaSean Walsh
Presentation on American and Chinese trends in financial technology at the Silicon Valley Innovation and Entrepreneurship Forum in late 2015.
By: Sean Walsh, @SeanWalshBTC
Conceptual Issues and Basic Method of BitCoin, Cryptography, Economics & The ...Chimezie Chuta
Chimezie Chuta is a leading figure in the African blockchain community, serving as an advisory board member at Kinesis Money and founding several blockchain organizations. He has authored books on blockchain and digital currencies and is a frequent speaker at conferences on these topics. Chuta also plays a key role in organizing major blockchain and cryptocurrency events in Nigeria and advising the government on blockchain innovation projects.
BITCOIN: WHY IT NOW BELONGS IN EVERY PORTFOLIOSteven Rhyner
{A technology|An innovation|A modern technology} is called "{disruptive|turbulent}" if it {creates|produces|develops} {a new|a brand-new} market that {first|very first|initial} {disturbs|disrupts|interrupts} {and then|and after that|then|and afterwards} displaces an earlier {technology|innovation|modern technology}. Bitcoin is {potentially|possibly} such {a technology|an innovation|a modern technology} {and|as well as|and also} {much more|a lot more|far more}.
Disruption In Foreign Payment Systems via Trusted BitcoinNinara Mirbabayeva
The document proposes introducing a trusted third party to facilitate international transactions via Bitcoin in order to address security issues. A third party would hold funds in temporary wallets during transactions to guarantee safety between public keys while liquidating coins quickly. This would mitigate fraud risks compared to storing Bitcoins in an open network. A scaling fee of 1% plus 0.00005% of the transaction value would be charged for the insurance of insuring balances during exchanges between desired currencies. While Bitcoin is volatile, the document argues a third party could prevent hackers from permanently stealing coins and make blockchain technology more practical for payments.
This document discusses the history and future of digital currencies, focusing on Bitcoin. It describes how Bitcoin was created as a decentralized digital currency, solving issues like double spending without centralized control. It provides statistics on Bitcoin usage and value over time. Finally, it considers future prospects like regulatory issues and how Bitcoin may continue to evolve as an alternative to traditional currencies and payment systems.
Citi's report discusses the future of digital money, including central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), cryptocurrencies, and stablecoins. It notes that central banks are increasingly exploring CBDCs in response to Big Tech initiatives like Diem, and China has made significant progress developing its digital yuan. The report examines the opportunities and risks of CBDCs, including potential disruption of incumbent financial institutions and increased volatility of bank deposits. It also covers stablecoins like Diem, Bitcoin, and other cryptocurrencies, as well as expert perspectives on various aspects of digital currencies.
What are cryptocurrencies - How To Buy them from The best Canadian Crypto bro...Bitcoin Wallet Canada
Cryptocurrencies can be the subsequent main step with inside the internet`s evolution, however, they may be additionally of a daunting degree of complexity that makes the latest information float hard to evaluate and hard for capacity buyers to choose between Best Canadian Crypto Brokerage platform.
The document discusses building the first digital correspondent banking network for digital banks, EMIs, IFEs and e-wallets. It notes that while fintech has disrupted many banking verticals, correspondent banking remains untapped. It then outlines some of the challenges with the current correspondent banking system, including that it is outdated, time-consuming to establish relationships, and poses compliance nightmares. The document introduces the BRIDGES platform as aiming to address these challenges by providing a fully digital onboarding process, seamless API integration, and built-in compliance functionality. This would allow BRIDGES to efficiently onboard and service a wide range of financial institutions and their customers.
Seventh lesson for the Bitcoin and Blockchain Technology course of Milano Bicocca University (2017)
Video (in Italian) available at https://goo.gl/oQDNeS
The future of cryptocurrency—some challenges
As we gaze into our crypto ball, let’s see what the future of cryptocurrency has in store for traders. With many experts estimating that the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has hastened the decline of cash by almost five years, few are asking whether digital currencies will actually succeed (they have already). Instead, it’s a matter of when they’ll go mainstream. Nevertheless, there are some challenges ahead.
Perceptions
A significant generational divide exists when it comes to adoption rates of cryptocurrencies. Older generations are typically more sceptical of crypto’s long-term viability, expressing fears about volatile financial bubbles as well as uncertainty over how cryptocurrencies actually work.
1) While Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies still face challenges around regulation and perception, their use for payments is growing as more major brands accept them.
2) A company called BitPay processes payments for over 52,000 merchants accepting Bitcoin, showing its increasing commercial viability despite still making up a small portion of overall transactions.
3) For cryptocurrencies to truly threaten traditional currencies, their regulation, stability, and consumer adoption would need to significantly increase.
Through this presentation, you will procure good understanding regarding Blockchain and Cryptocurrency. If you find this helpful, don't forget to mention in comments. Also you can subscribe my YouTube channel for more information and presentations. https://youtube.com/shorts/HUn5Np4lklU?feature=share
Illuminating the Journey through Cryptocurrencies.pdfTEWMAGAZINE
Dive into the captivating journey of cryptocurrencies, focusing on Bitcoin's inception, technological foundation, adoption, regulatory challenges, and potential future role.
This document discusses stablecoins, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), and the potential impact of these technologies on the payments universe. It notes that existing financial infrastructure in many countries is becoming outdated, while distributed ledger technology enables instant peer-to-peer transfer of value. Stablecoins aim to provide price stability relative to real-world assets, and could increase financial inclusion by giving access to those currently unbanked. CBDCs would be digital forms of fiat currency issued by central banks on distributed ledgers. The document outlines some key differences between CBDCs and cryptocurrencies, and notes that countries like China and Sweden are experimenting with CBDCs. It also summarizes the U.S. Federal Reserve's ongoing work
This document discusses bitcoin and its potential as a future currency. It begins with an introduction to bitcoin, describing its decentralized nature, use of cryptography, and role in facilitating electronic payments. Several key characteristics of bitcoin are then outlined, including that it is decentralized, open-source, peer-to-peer, easy to use, unregulated, anonymous yet transparent, and allows for fast but irreversible transfers. The document goes on to analyze bitcoin from political, economic, environmental, and legal perspectives and discusses its place within the e-commerce framework and opportunities it provides. While challenges like double spending and security issues exist, the conclusion is that bitcoin technology is pioneering a path toward a more digital global economy, even if bitcoin itself may not
Unraveling the Bitcoin Breakthrough_ The Future of Cryptocurrency.pdfhk2635475
Cryptocurrency could be a buzzword that has been making waves for a long time presently . Among the different advanced monetary standards , Bitcoin is the foremost well known and widely used. It has been nearly 12 a long time since Bitcoin was to begin with , and it has come a long way since at that point . In a fairly long time , Bitcoin has gone from being a cloud concept to a worldwide wonder , and it has earned a parcel of consideration from investors, dealers , and indeed governments. In spite of this, there are still numerous people who are uncertain about how Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies work, and what their future might hold. In this post, we'll dive into what Bitcoin is, how it works, and what long term cryptocurrency might seem like. From block chain innovation to the masters and cons of contributing in computerized cash , we'll cover everything you would like to know around the world of cryptocurrency.
Central banks and the future of digital money. A practical proposal for centr...eraser Juan José Calderón
Central banks and the future of digital money
A practical proposal for central bank digital currencies on the Ethereum blockchain.
CONSENSYS WHITE PAPER
Similar to Money for Nothing - Carolyn Wilkins, Bank of Canada, on CryptoAssets (20)
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby...Donc Test
Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition 2024, by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting, 8th Canadian Edition by Libby, Hodge, Verified Chapters 1 - 13, Complete Newest Version Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Solution Manual For Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Chapters Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Financial Accounting 8th Canadian Edition Pdf Download Stuvia
BONKMILLON Unleashes Its Bonkers Potential on Solana.pdfcoingabbar
Introducing BONKMILLON - The Most Bonkers Meme Coin Yet
Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.
2. bankofcanada.ca 2
“No mo fiat money/
we don’t do that/
Get urself some coins/
fo the banks, take ur stash”
“Bitcoin’s Here” by Zhou Tonged
(cover of Drake’s “Started From The Bottom”)
4. bankofcanada.ca 4
Road map
1. The crypto landscape
2. Key questions for central banks (CBs)
i. What’s fundamentally new here?
ii. Could private cryptocurrencies enable a better
monetary policy (MP) regime?
iii. Should CBs issue their own digital currencies?
3. Bank of Canada experiments with distributed
ledger technology (DLT)
Conclusions and avenues for further research
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Cryptoassets heterogeneous, but three main types
Crypto-
currencies
Generally intended for
making purchases of
goods, services
Bitcoin
(as envisioned)
Monero
Impak Coin
Utility
tokens
Enable the user to
consume goods or
services specific to a
platform
Ether
Tether?
Security
tokens
Allow buyers to
take some sort of a
position in a firm
DAO tokens
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Crypto “currencies” not very useful as money yet….
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
27-12-2014 15-07-2015 31-01-2016 18-08-2016 06-03-2017 22-09-2017 10-04-2018 27-10-2018
IndexJan2015=100
Trade Weighted US Dollar Index: Major Currencies
vs. Bitcoin Price in US$ (Indexed)
Trade Weighted U.S. Dollar Index: Major Currencies Bitcoin Price in US$ (Indexed)
2015 2016 2017 2018
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….but trading activity of token-based assets is rising
US$billions
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Total Ether Bitcoin Token Altcoin US municipal bonds US corporate bonds
Trading volumes of cryptoassets and US municipal and corporate bonds (weekly)
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2. Key questions for CBs
i. What’s fundamentally new here?
ii. Could private cryptocurrencies
enable a better MP regime?
iii. Should CBs issue their own digital
currencies?
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What DLT (aka blockchain) can deliver (1)
Record-keeping in a ledger
Open or permission-based
Time-stamped and organized in blocks
Carries full history of transactions
Déjà vu
Bookkeeping as far back as 5000 BC
Double-entry bookkeeping emerged in
14th century
Money is memory (Kocherlakota 1998,
Townsend 1989)
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What DLT (aka blockchain) can deliver (2)
Distributed consensus mechanism
Transactions get on block by consensus among participants
Consensus secured by cryptography and achieved by incentive
structure, not trusted third party
Consensus mechanism is novel
Can scale among strangers without recourse to central authority
“Solves” the double-spending problem
Supports integrity and resilience of the ledger
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Blockchain potentially just a better mousetrap
Efficiency gains could be important
Increased efficiency of ownership record-keeping
…but need interoperability, and ownership/smart
contracts still need to be enforceable
Transparency could reduce asymmetric information
Data more complete and more widely available
…but limited where there are monitoring costs, or
“soft” information is important (ledgers likely to
contain only “hard” information)
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Blockchain only shifts the need for trust
The incentive structure for trust is not infallible
51% attacks by miners possible (Krypton, Coiledcoin)
Incentive structure creates negative externalities
(Chiu and Koeppl 2018, Abadi and Brunnermeier 2018)
Solutions to this issue are not straightforward—trilemma
(Abadi and Brunnermeier 2018)
Programmers have power; do they have responsibility?
Need to trust that program delivers what is on the label
(DAO error, recent bug in Bitcoin software)
Do programmers (and miners) have fiduciary duty?
(Walch forthcoming)
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Mining pools
Deep cold storage
Merchants
Users
Bitcoin ecosystem: trust and dependencies abound
Miners
Digital wallets
Exchanges
Peer to peer network
Payment Gateways
Mining rig makers
16
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Market share of the
most popular Bitcoin
mining pools
Blockchain doesn’t eliminate network externalities
Source: www.blockchain.com
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2. Key questions for CBs
i. What’s fundamentally new here?
ii. Could private cryptocurrencies
enable a better MP regime?
iii. Should CBs issue their own digital
currencies?
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Money growth by a rule – Déjà vu?
Bitcoin standard would be unstable, just as gold was
Weber 2016, “A Bitcoin Standard: Lessons from the Gold Standard”
Targeting money growth has been tried—and abandoned
Canada and United States, parts of 1970s and ’80s
Money supply difficult to measure, as
demand for money is unstable
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Cannot control aggregate supply of money
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Supply of bitcoins and market capitalization
Supply of bitcoins Market cap. of all coins ex. Ripple/Ether (in bitcoin) Market cap. of all coins (in bitcoin)
US$millions
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If cryptocurrency dominated:
• Transmission of monetary policy would be weakened
• Lender-of-last-resort operations would be much more difficult
21
What does a central bank need to conduct domestic MP?
National and private currencies can co-exist, although:
• Coordination issues arise
Hendry and Zhu forthcoming, “A Framework for Analyzing Monetary Policy in an Economy with E-money”
• Strong regulations required for trust and robustness
Weber 2015, “The Efficiency of Private E-Money-Like Systems: The U.S. Experience with National Banks Notes”
Fung, Hendry and Weber 2017, “Canadian Bank Notes and Dominion Notes: Lessons for Digital Currencies”
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2. Key questions for CBs
i. What’s fundamentally new here?
ii. Could private cryptocurrencies
enable a better MP regime?
iii. Should CBs issue their own digital
currencies?
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Should we care if cash disappears?
Maybe not, if private money is in sovereign currency:
Could still conduct MP and LoLR operations
Private sector money may be more innovative
Could lower ELB (Rogoff 2016, The Curse of Cash)
23
Most important question: Is public outside money a public good?
Yes. Universal access to safe medium of exchange supports trust
Yet……
Regular citizens will lose access to central bank money
Commercial bank deposits are subject to default risk
Many people still care about using cash (Riksbank 2018)
E-money may not be a perfect cash substitute (Chiu and Wong 2014,
“E-Money: Efficiency, Stability and Optimal Policy”)
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Efficiency and competition in banking services
Bank notes foster competition in financial services
Central bank digital currency (CBDC) would continue role of additional
payment option and “riskless” store of value in a cashless world
CBDC competition could support market discipline, leading to lower-cost,
higher-quality bank services
Bottom line: Case for CBDC stronger when there is market failure
Bordo and Levin 2017, “Central Bank Digital Currency and the Future of Monetary Policy”
Fung and Halaburda 2016, “Central Bank Digital Currencies: A Framework for Assessing Why and How”
Kahn, Rivadeneyra and Wong forthcoming, “E-Money and Payments Policy”
An additional payment method could make the payments system more
resilient to operational failures
Caveat: not a substitute for bank notes in a cyber event
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CBDC: Reasons to give a central bank pause
Potential for bank runs
Interest-bearing CBDC would compete directly with commercial
bank deposits, a very stable form of bank funding
Easier run mechanism during a crisis (Bank of Canada, Bank for
International Settlements, CPMI, others)
Reputational risk
Problems with CBDC could be much bigger than counterfeit $100 bills
Hackings could put all holdings at risk
Vehicle for illicit transactions?
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Policy and technical design aspects intertwined
Many parameters to
determine, including:
Privacy or anonymity?
Account or token-based?
Interest-bearing?
Access?
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Looking under the hood of blockchain: Project Jasper
Phases 1–2 Interbank
payments
Payments Canada,
R3, Canada’s six
biggest banks
Completed
Phase 4 Cross-border
payments
Monetary
Authority of
Singapore,
Bank of England,
commercial banks
In progress
Phase 3 Post-trade
settlement of cash
and securities
transactions
Payments Canada,
Toronto Stock
Exchange
Completed
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Payments Canada
FI - a
Bank of Canada
PRIVATE NETWORK
FI - b
FI - n
Request
coins/Pledge
collateral
Issue coins
Transfer coins
Redeem coins
CENTRALIZED:
PERMISSIONING
ENTRY/EXIT
DECENTRALIZED
LEDGER
Project Jasper Phases 1-2
29
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General lessons so far (Jasper 1–3)
Centralization is
still required
DLT for narrow
scope only is
unlikely to yield
cost savings
Cost-savings
potential from
back office and
more assets on
ledger
30
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Originator Beneficiary
Credit Correspondent
Bank
Central Bank Account
Currency A
Debit Correspondent Bank
Central Bank Account
Currency A
FX Contract
Originating Bank
Correspondent Bank
Originating
Bank
Currency Counterparty
Treasury Bank
FXContract
Debit Originating Bank
Central Bank Account
Currency A
Credit Currency Counterparty
Treasury Bank
Central Bank Account
Currency A
Credit Correspondent Bank
Central Bank Account
Currency B
Debit Correspondent
Bank
Central Bank Account
Currency B
Beneficiary Bank
Correspondent Bank
Currency
Counterparty
Beneficiary
Bank
Debit Currency
Counterparty
Central Bank Account
Currency B
Credit Beneficiary
Bank
Central Bank Account
Currency B
Credit
Clearing Account Currency A
Debit
Client Account Currency A
Credit
Client Account Currency B
Debit
Clearing Account Currency B
Clearing Settlement FX Related
RTGS A RTGS B
Country A Country B
FX Settlement
Reconciliation
Jasper Phase 4 motivated by inefficiencies
in cross-border payments
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Messages to highlight
Ironies abound in the crypto sphere
Decentralized ‘solution’ is all about centralization
Need for trust is not reduced, just shifted
Money supply rule may turn out to be more Achilles heel than strong suit
Answers to Central Bank Digital Currency questions will shape the future
Implications for financial inclusion, privacy, access to safe asset
Major commercial interests at stake
Cryptoasset threat to financial system small, but growing
Moving fast, and incentives point to trouble down the road
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Other policy issues:
Would CBDC be used; how would adoption work in two-sided markets?
What is the social value of privacy?
Do we need CB outside (retail) money at all?
34
Ambitious questions for further study
Financial stability:
What do cryptoassets mean for the charter value of banks?
Would credible crypto or CBDC exacerbate bank runs, and to what degree?
Transmission mechanism of monetary policy:
How might different types of money alter transmission in normal versus crisis times?
Could CBDC blur lines between MP and fiscal policy? (e.g., differential interest rates)
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Background: Project Jasper Phase 3
Cash Rail
Pledge
Cash
RedeemToken
Bank BBank A
Receive
Cash
Asset Rail
Pledge
Asset
Token
Receive
Asset
Token Redeem
DVP- Cash Settlement
trade for Asset
Bank ABank B
Facilitated the integration of two
separate settlement systems
cash system
equity system
Loose integration likely easier to
achieve than full combination of the
two systems into one