Genetic and molecular epidemiology are vibrant and rapidly evolving fields that sit at the intersection of genetics, molecular biology, and public health. These disciplines focus on how genetic and molecular factors contribute to the distribution and determinants of health and diseases in populations. Genetic epidemiology leverages genetic information to identify the role of inherited traits in the etiology of diseases, while molecular epidemiology uses molecular markers to understand the pathways through which genetic and environmental factors influence disease. Together, they provide invaluable insights into the complex interplay between genes, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors in the onset and progression of diseases. This holistic approach facilitates the identification of at-risk populations, informs preventive strategies, and underpins personalized medicine, offering the promise of more effective and targeted interventions to combat various diseases.