MolDiag_Sx.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•7 views
This document discusses the use of molecular biology in surgical diagnosis and therapy. It describes how molecular diagnostics can aid surgeons in conclusively diagnosing cancers, differentiating between benign and malignant tumors, classifying and staging cancers, and selecting treatment modalities. Specimen collection and various diagnostic modalities used in molecular analysis are also outlined, including immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, fluorescent in-situ hybridization and next generation sequencing. The document concludes by explaining how molecular methods can help manage surgical cases through precision cancer treatment tailored to a tumor's molecular abnormalities, and provide prognostic information to guide therapy selection.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Next generation Sequencing in Drug Discovery
This presentation talkes about the history of next generation sequencing and how it is used in drug discovery.
Applications of Next generation sequencing in Drug Discovery
This presentation gives an overview of the Next generation Sequencing (NGS) technology and what are is current applications in the drug discovery process.
MR Eşliğinde Füzyon Biyopsiden US Eşliğinde Biyopsiye
Çalışmalar Işığında ExactVu US Biyopsi ile MRI Füzyon Biyopsi Karşılaştırması
http://e.andromed.com.tr/2020-Klotz-CUAJ-MulticenterMRIComparison
Abstract
Introduction: High-resolution micro-ultrasound has the capability of imaging prostate cancer based on detecting alterations in ductal anatomy, analogous to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). This technology has the potential advantages of relatively low
cost, simplicity, and accessibility compared to mpMRI. This multicenter, prospective registry aims to compare the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of mpMRI with high-resolution micro-ultrasound imaging for the
detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Methods: We included 1040 subjects at 11 sites in seven countries who had prior mpMRI and underwent ExactVu micro-ultrasound-guided biopsy. Biopsies were taken from both mpMRI targets (PI-RADS >3 and micro-ultrasound targets (PRIMUS >3). Systematic biopsies (up to 14 cores) were also performed. Various strategies were used for mpMRI target sampling, including cognitive fusion with micro-ultrasound, separate software-fusion systems, and software-fusion using the micro-ultrasound FusionVu system. Clinically significant cancer was those with Gleason grade group ≥2.
Personalized Medicine in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer
The document discusses next generation sequencing (NGS) and its applications in personalized medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment. It provides examples of several families with hereditary cancer syndromes who were analyzed using NGS to identify pathogenic variants. The results demonstrated higher response rates and prolonged progression-free and overall survival for cancer patients receiving personalized treatments based on biomarkers identified by NGS, compared to non-personalized treatments. NGS can detect somatic and germline mutations to classify cancers at a molecular level and guide precision oncology.
Assessing the clinical utility of cancer genomic and proteomic data across tu...
This document summarizes a study that used machine learning to predict cancer patient survival based on integrating multiple types of molecular and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The study found that combining molecular data like gene expression, methylation, and mutations with clinical data significantly improved survival prediction for kidney, ovarian, and lung cancers compared to using single data types alone. Analyzing the models provided biological insights into molecular subtypes and markers correlated with survival outcomes. The results suggest that more comprehensive molecular profiling of tumors could help stratify patients and identify targets for personalized cancer treatment.
DIFFERENT IMAGING MODALITIES USED FOR THE DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER – A RE...
The document discusses various imaging modalities used to detect prostate cancer, including multiparametric ultrasound, multiparametric MRI, MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging, and positron emission tomography. It provides details on prostate anatomy, cancer grading, and treatment options to provide context. The modalities are compared in terms of their ability to detect characteristics like tissue alterations, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Limitations and potential improvements to the modalities are also reviewed.
Toward Integrated Clinical and Gene Expression Profiles for Breast Cancer Pro...
Breast cancer patients with the same diagnostic and clinical prognostic profile can have markedly different clinical outcome. This difference is possibly caused by the limitation of current breast cancer prognostic indices, which group molecularly distinct patients into similar clinical classes based mainly on morphological of disease. Traditional clinical based prognosis models were discovered contain some restriction to address the heterogeneity of breast cancer. The invention of microarray technology and its ability to simultaneously interrogate thousands genes has changed the paradigm of molecular classification of human cancers as well as it shifted clinical prognosis model to broader prospect. Numerous studies have revealed the potential value of gene expression signatures in examining the risk of disease recurrence. However, currently most of these studies attempted to implement genetic marker based prognostic models to replace the traditional clinical markers, yet neglecting the rich information contain in clinical information. Therefore, this research took an effort to integrate both clinical and microarray data in order to obtain accurate breast cancer prognosis, by taking into account that these data complements each other. This article presents a review of the development of breast cancer prognosis models, concentrating precisely on clinical and gene expression profiles. The literature is reviewed in an explicit machine learning framework, which include the elements of feature selection and classification techniques.
NY Prostate Cancer Conference - S. Stone - Session 1: Cell cycle progression ...
NY Prostate Cancer Conference - S. Stone - Session 1: Cell cycle progression ...European School of Oncology
The study found that a cell cycle progression (CCP) gene expression signature can differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer and provide prognostic information beyond standard clinical parameters. Specifically:
1) Higher CCP scores, indicating more actively dividing cells, were associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy and death from prostate cancer in a conservatively managed cohort.
2) The CCP score was a strong univariate predictor of outcome and added significant prognostic information when combined with clinical factors like PSA and Gleason score in multivariate analyses.
3) The CCP score was robust across different patient populations and clinical settings and may help physicians select optimal treatment strategies at diagnosis.Recommended
Next generation Sequencing in Drug Discovery
This presentation talkes about the history of next generation sequencing and how it is used in drug discovery.
Applications of Next generation sequencing in Drug Discovery
This presentation gives an overview of the Next generation Sequencing (NGS) technology and what are is current applications in the drug discovery process.
MR Eşliğinde Füzyon Biyopsiden US Eşliğinde Biyopsiye
Çalışmalar Işığında ExactVu US Biyopsi ile MRI Füzyon Biyopsi Karşılaştırması
http://e.andromed.com.tr/2020-Klotz-CUAJ-MulticenterMRIComparison
Abstract
Introduction: High-resolution micro-ultrasound has the capability of imaging prostate cancer based on detecting alterations in ductal anatomy, analogous to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI). This technology has the potential advantages of relatively low
cost, simplicity, and accessibility compared to mpMRI. This multicenter, prospective registry aims to compare the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) of mpMRI with high-resolution micro-ultrasound imaging for the
detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
Methods: We included 1040 subjects at 11 sites in seven countries who had prior mpMRI and underwent ExactVu micro-ultrasound-guided biopsy. Biopsies were taken from both mpMRI targets (PI-RADS >3 and micro-ultrasound targets (PRIMUS >3). Systematic biopsies (up to 14 cores) were also performed. Various strategies were used for mpMRI target sampling, including cognitive fusion with micro-ultrasound, separate software-fusion systems, and software-fusion using the micro-ultrasound FusionVu system. Clinically significant cancer was those with Gleason grade group ≥2.
Personalized Medicine in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer
The document discusses next generation sequencing (NGS) and its applications in personalized medicine for cancer diagnosis and treatment. It provides examples of several families with hereditary cancer syndromes who were analyzed using NGS to identify pathogenic variants. The results demonstrated higher response rates and prolonged progression-free and overall survival for cancer patients receiving personalized treatments based on biomarkers identified by NGS, compared to non-personalized treatments. NGS can detect somatic and germline mutations to classify cancers at a molecular level and guide precision oncology.
Assessing the clinical utility of cancer genomic and proteomic data across tu...
This document summarizes a study that used machine learning to predict cancer patient survival based on integrating multiple types of molecular and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The study found that combining molecular data like gene expression, methylation, and mutations with clinical data significantly improved survival prediction for kidney, ovarian, and lung cancers compared to using single data types alone. Analyzing the models provided biological insights into molecular subtypes and markers correlated with survival outcomes. The results suggest that more comprehensive molecular profiling of tumors could help stratify patients and identify targets for personalized cancer treatment.
DIFFERENT IMAGING MODALITIES USED FOR THE DETECTION OF PROSTATE CANCER – A RE...
The document discusses various imaging modalities used to detect prostate cancer, including multiparametric ultrasound, multiparametric MRI, MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging, and positron emission tomography. It provides details on prostate anatomy, cancer grading, and treatment options to provide context. The modalities are compared in terms of their ability to detect characteristics like tissue alterations, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread. Limitations and potential improvements to the modalities are also reviewed.
Toward Integrated Clinical and Gene Expression Profiles for Breast Cancer Pro...
Breast cancer patients with the same diagnostic and clinical prognostic profile can have markedly different clinical outcome. This difference is possibly caused by the limitation of current breast cancer prognostic indices, which group molecularly distinct patients into similar clinical classes based mainly on morphological of disease. Traditional clinical based prognosis models were discovered contain some restriction to address the heterogeneity of breast cancer. The invention of microarray technology and its ability to simultaneously interrogate thousands genes has changed the paradigm of molecular classification of human cancers as well as it shifted clinical prognosis model to broader prospect. Numerous studies have revealed the potential value of gene expression signatures in examining the risk of disease recurrence. However, currently most of these studies attempted to implement genetic marker based prognostic models to replace the traditional clinical markers, yet neglecting the rich information contain in clinical information. Therefore, this research took an effort to integrate both clinical and microarray data in order to obtain accurate breast cancer prognosis, by taking into account that these data complements each other. This article presents a review of the development of breast cancer prognosis models, concentrating precisely on clinical and gene expression profiles. The literature is reviewed in an explicit machine learning framework, which include the elements of feature selection and classification techniques.
NY Prostate Cancer Conference - S. Stone - Session 1: Cell cycle progression ...
NY Prostate Cancer Conference - S. Stone - Session 1: Cell cycle progression ...European School of Oncology
The study found that a cell cycle progression (CCP) gene expression signature can differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer and provide prognostic information beyond standard clinical parameters. Specifically:
1) Higher CCP scores, indicating more actively dividing cells, were associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy and death from prostate cancer in a conservatively managed cohort.
2) The CCP score was a strong univariate predictor of outcome and added significant prognostic information when combined with clinical factors like PSA and Gleason score in multivariate analyses.
3) The CCP score was robust across different patient populations and clinical settings and may help physicians select optimal treatment strategies at diagnosis.Next generation sequencing in cancer treatment
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides several advantages over first generation sequencing methods. NGS allows large amounts of genomic information to be sequenced in parallel at a lower cost. NGS has various applications in cancer treatment including predicting cancer progression, identifying drug targets and resistance mutations, detecting minimal residual disease, and improving cancer classification. While powerful, NGS also faces limitations such as tissue heterogeneity, complexity of data analysis, and difficulties identifying driver mutations as cancers evolve with treatment.
JUNE 2023 ONCOLOGY CARTOONS
The document discusses several topics related to oncology, including:
1. ASCO guidelines for stage III non-small cell lung cancer adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment.
2. Recommendations for radiotherapy treatment of heterotopic ossification, a rare condition involving bone formation in soft tissue, most commonly after hip surgery or trauma.
3. Differences between incidental and symptomatic low-grade gliomas, finding that incidental tumors are associated with more favorable prognostic factors and outcomes.
Mini Review of Prostate Cancer Diagnostics_Crimson Publishers
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer death in men worldwide [1,2]. Some advanced prostate cancers have well known symptoms. However non-cancerous diseases of the prostate, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cause same symptoms. On the other hand, at very early stages, prostate cancer has no symptoms, the tumor dimension is quite small, and it is extremely difficult to detect it. If prostate cancer is detected at an early stage, it can be successfully cured by different methods. At the later stages, treatment or surgery has very low efficiency. Prostate cancer can often be found by measuring the amount of PSA in the blood. Most healthy men have levels under 4 nano-grams per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. When prostate cancer develops, the PSA level usually goes above 4. However, for determination of the existence of cancer, some additional methods are used: for example: PSA velocity [3,4] and/or PSA density. Besides, measurement of the ratio of free to total PSA is additional tool in prostate cancer diagnosis [5]. However, the major drawback of PSA determination is its relative lack of specificity. The PSA level can also be increased by benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) - a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, prostatitis, etc.
Cancer diagnosis and treatment-1.pptx
Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, PET, ultrasound, mammography and conventional radiology are used for cancer screening, detection, diagnosis, staging and monitoring treatment response. Biopsies involving fine needle aspiration, endoscopy or surgical removal of tissue samples allow histopathological examination of cells and tissue. Molecular testing techniques like immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics and tumor marker detection provide additional information on cancer prognosis and personalized treatment approaches. Together these diagnostic methods provide information on tumor location, size, spread and characteristics to inform cancer management.
International Innovation
Dr. Minnie Sarwal leads a translational research lab focused on understanding kidney disease and organ transplant injury. The lab uses multi-omics approaches to discover and validate minimally invasive biomarkers for organ transplantation. They have developed two assays - kSORT and kSPOT - that can predict kidney transplant rejection and tolerance earlier and more accurately than current tests. kSORT and kSPOT are undergoing clinical trials and will be commercially available in 2015-2016 to enable personalized management of transplant patients through customizing of immunosuppression. The lab is also working to apply these assays to other organs and identify novel drug targets for conditions like focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Personalized medicine in prostate cancer care
This document discusses several genomic tests for prostate cancer, including the Oncotype DX prostate cancer test, Prolaris test, and Decipher test. It provides information on what each test is, who it is for, what biological factors it measures, and how the results can help guide treatment decisions, especially for patients with low or intermediate risk prostate cancer considering active surveillance versus immediate treatment. The tests help improve risk stratification by incorporating individual tumor biology beyond standard clinical factors alone.
PancreaticCancerFinalPaper
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate because it is often diagnosed late after metastasizing. Early detection is difficult because symptoms usually do not appear until it has spread. This paper aims to integrate multi-omic data like genomics, proteomics, and imaging into a predictive model to better classify pancreatic cancer patients. The goal is to identify novel biomarkers and pathways to advance early detection and personalized treatment.
APPLICATION OF NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS) IN CANCER TREATMENT
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized cancer treatment by enabling high throughput DNA sequencing. This document discusses several applications of NGS in cancer treatment including whole exome sequencing of tumors from 25 patients to identify genetic mutations, using avatar mouse models to test proposed treatment strategies, detecting mutations in liquid biopsies, and identifying somatic mutations in leukemia patients. Challenges of NGS include analyzing large amounts of data, accurately interpreting variants, and addressing ethical issues.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
The Application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in cancer treatment
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has several advantages for cancer treatment including high throughput sequencing, screening of multiple genes simultaneously, and decreased costs. NGS faces challenges from complex data analysis and validation of new technologies. Key clinical applications of NGS include whole genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis via RNA-seq, and sequencing of cell-free DNA. Future areas of development include immunotherapy, epigenetics research, and using circulating tumor cells to detect early relapse. More research is still needed to fully realize the potential of NGS in personalized cancer treatment.
MCO 2011 - Slide 33 - C. Svedman - Spotlight session - Criteria to evaluate g...
MCO 2011 - Slide 33 - C. Svedman - Spotlight session - Criteria to evaluate g...European School of Oncology
The document discusses criteria for evaluating genomic tests, including whether the test is clinically meaningful, how it was validated, reliability, practicality, and cost-effectiveness. It emphasizes that tests must provide value beyond traditional measures and require multiple studies as evidence. Genomic tests are developed through a process similar to drug development, starting with initial studies to develop relevant profiles which are then validated in additional studies with prospective design. Sources of variability must be rigorously controlled and clinical context is important.Liquid biopsies
As the techniques that have enabled us to analyses and assess a biopsy become ever more sophisticated, we have realised the limitations of looking at the single snap-shot of the tumour. This single-biopsy bias was highlighted in which it was mainly demonstrated that a portion taken from different parts of a primary tumour and its metastases showed and proved extensive intertumoural and intratumoural evolution. This tumoural heterogeneity mainly highlights the difficulty of dictating a therapeutic course of action based on the single biopsy, as it is likely to underestimate the ramification of the genomic landscape of the tumour (Chomczynski et al., 2016).Having established that there is mainly considerable tumour heterogeneity, taking multiple biopsies from the patients‘ primary tumour and the metastases would seem to be the most obvious next step. There are so much difficulties in obtaining the tissue biopsy— including the discomfort suffered by the patient, the inherent clinical risks to the patient
Teza final braicu ovidiu leonard
This document is a PhD thesis that examines molecular profiling of endometriosis and related malignancies. It includes 3 studies on this topic. The first study profiles miRNA expression in endometriosis and ovarian cancer samples to identify differently expressed miRNAs and generate miRNA networks. The second study examines the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on ovarian cancer cells and related gene expression. The third study explores the therapeutic potential of RNA interference for modulating gene expression in ovarian and cervical cancers. The thesis aims to further the understanding of molecular mechanisms in endometriosis and related cancers to inform diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Next Generation Sequencing
Next generation sequencing (NGS) provides a high-throughput and cheaper alternative to DNA sequencing through massively parallel sequencing of millions of DNA fragments simultaneously. NGS can be used for target sequencing to identify disease-causing mutations, RNA sequencing to study entire transcriptomes, and has various applications in cancer research and treatment including identifying mutations that predict responses to immunotherapy. However, NGS also faces challenges like accurately sequencing regions with repeats and detecting fusion genes.
Identification of cancer drivers across tumor types
Thousands of tumor genomes/exomes are being sequenced as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other initiatives. This opens the possibility to have, for the first time, a comprehensive picture of mutations, genes and pathways involved in the cancer phenotype across tumor types. We have developed computational methods able to identify signals of positive selection in the pattern of tumor somatic mutations, which point to genes and pathways directly involved in the development of the tumors. We have applied these approaches to 3025 tumors from 12 different cancer types of the TCGA Pan-Cancer project, identifying 291 high-confidence cancer driver genes acting on those tumors (Tamborero et al 2013). We have also developed IntOGen-mutations (http://www.intogen.org/mutations), a novel web platform for cancer genomes interpretations, which analyses not only TCGA pan-cancer data but all mutation data from ICGC and other initiatives. The resource allows users to identify driver mutations, genes and pathways acting on more than 6000 tumors originated in 17 different cancer sites and to analyze newly sequence tumor genomes. Among the novel cancer drivers identified there are chromatin regulatory factors and splicing factors, which are emerging as important genes in cancer development and are regarded as interesting candidates for novel targets for cancer treatment. In my talk I will summarize all these recent findings.
More info: http://bg.upf.edu/blog/2013/10/my-slides-on-identification-of-cancer-drivers-across-tumor-types/
Portec 4a
(1) The document summarizes the PORTEC 4A trial, which aims to evaluate molecular risk profiling to guide adjuvant treatment decisions in early-stage endometrial cancer.
(2) The trial compares adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy, the current standard, to a molecular profiling-based approach that may recommend observation, brachytherapy, or pelvic radiation.
(3) Based on previous studies, it is estimated that 50-55% of patients will be low risk and need only observation, 40% intermediate risk requiring brachytherapy, and 5-10% high risk needing pelvic radiation. The goal is to reduce overtreatment while maintaining local control.
Pg dreview
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows embryos created through in vitro fertilization to be tested for genetic defects before implantation. It is primarily used for two groups - individuals at high risk of passing on genetic diseases to prevent disease or termination of pregnancies, and to screen embryos for chromosomal abnormalities to improve IVF success rates. The techniques used include biopsy of polar bodies or blastomeres from embryos, followed by analysis using polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or comparative genomic hybridization. PGD is most commonly used for common single gene disorders and chromosomal translocations but requires specialized expertise and is not feasible for rare genetic conditions. It has helped many families avoid transmission of inherited diseases and improve outcomes of
Pg dreview
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was introduced in the 1990s to test embryos created through in vitro fertilization for genetic defects before implantation. Techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction allow for analysis of chromosomes and genes in single cells from embryos. PGD is used for couples at high risk of passing on genetic diseases and for in vitro fertilization patients undergoing screening of embryos for chromosomal abnormalities. The techniques and indications for PGD are discussed along with results and outcomes of pregnancies achieved through the procedure.
Pg dreview
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows embryos created through in vitro fertilization to be tested for genetic defects before implantation. It is primarily used for two groups - individuals at high risk of passing on genetic diseases to prevent disease or termination of pregnancies, and to screen embryos for chromosomal abnormalities to improve IVF success rates. The techniques used include biopsy of polar bodies or blastomeres from embryos, followed by analysis using polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or comparative genomic hybridization. PGD is most commonly used for common single gene disorders and chromosomal translocations but is limited by the technical challenges of testing single cells.
Role of biotechnology in cancer control
Gene profiling, genome analysis, and cell culture are important biotechnology techniques for cancer control. Gene profiling identifies cancer-related genes and biomarkers through techniques like DNA sequencing, in situ hybridization, and real-time PCR. Genome analysis compares genomic elements and identifies cancer-related genes differentially expressed in cancer tissues through microarray analysis. Cell culture introduces cancer genes into cell lines to study their effects on cells and cancer progression. These biotechnology techniques provide insights into cancer causes and targets for more effective prevention and treatment.
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Know Latest Hiranandani Hospital Powai News.pdf
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
More Related Content
Similar to MolDiag_Sx.pptx
Next generation sequencing in cancer treatment
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides several advantages over first generation sequencing methods. NGS allows large amounts of genomic information to be sequenced in parallel at a lower cost. NGS has various applications in cancer treatment including predicting cancer progression, identifying drug targets and resistance mutations, detecting minimal residual disease, and improving cancer classification. While powerful, NGS also faces limitations such as tissue heterogeneity, complexity of data analysis, and difficulties identifying driver mutations as cancers evolve with treatment.
JUNE 2023 ONCOLOGY CARTOONS
The document discusses several topics related to oncology, including:
1. ASCO guidelines for stage III non-small cell lung cancer adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment.
2. Recommendations for radiotherapy treatment of heterotopic ossification, a rare condition involving bone formation in soft tissue, most commonly after hip surgery or trauma.
3. Differences between incidental and symptomatic low-grade gliomas, finding that incidental tumors are associated with more favorable prognostic factors and outcomes.
Mini Review of Prostate Cancer Diagnostics_Crimson Publishers
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer death in men worldwide [1,2]. Some advanced prostate cancers have well known symptoms. However non-cancerous diseases of the prostate, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) cause same symptoms. On the other hand, at very early stages, prostate cancer has no symptoms, the tumor dimension is quite small, and it is extremely difficult to detect it. If prostate cancer is detected at an early stage, it can be successfully cured by different methods. At the later stages, treatment or surgery has very low efficiency. Prostate cancer can often be found by measuring the amount of PSA in the blood. Most healthy men have levels under 4 nano-grams per milliliter (ng/mL) of blood. When prostate cancer develops, the PSA level usually goes above 4. However, for determination of the existence of cancer, some additional methods are used: for example: PSA velocity [3,4] and/or PSA density. Besides, measurement of the ratio of free to total PSA is additional tool in prostate cancer diagnosis [5]. However, the major drawback of PSA determination is its relative lack of specificity. The PSA level can also be increased by benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) - a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, prostatitis, etc.
Cancer diagnosis and treatment-1.pptx
Imaging techniques such as CT, MRI, PET, ultrasound, mammography and conventional radiology are used for cancer screening, detection, diagnosis, staging and monitoring treatment response. Biopsies involving fine needle aspiration, endoscopy or surgical removal of tissue samples allow histopathological examination of cells and tissue. Molecular testing techniques like immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics and tumor marker detection provide additional information on cancer prognosis and personalized treatment approaches. Together these diagnostic methods provide information on tumor location, size, spread and characteristics to inform cancer management.
International Innovation
Dr. Minnie Sarwal leads a translational research lab focused on understanding kidney disease and organ transplant injury. The lab uses multi-omics approaches to discover and validate minimally invasive biomarkers for organ transplantation. They have developed two assays - kSORT and kSPOT - that can predict kidney transplant rejection and tolerance earlier and more accurately than current tests. kSORT and kSPOT are undergoing clinical trials and will be commercially available in 2015-2016 to enable personalized management of transplant patients through customizing of immunosuppression. The lab is also working to apply these assays to other organs and identify novel drug targets for conditions like focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Personalized medicine in prostate cancer care
This document discusses several genomic tests for prostate cancer, including the Oncotype DX prostate cancer test, Prolaris test, and Decipher test. It provides information on what each test is, who it is for, what biological factors it measures, and how the results can help guide treatment decisions, especially for patients with low or intermediate risk prostate cancer considering active surveillance versus immediate treatment. The tests help improve risk stratification by incorporating individual tumor biology beyond standard clinical factors alone.
PancreaticCancerFinalPaper
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate because it is often diagnosed late after metastasizing. Early detection is difficult because symptoms usually do not appear until it has spread. This paper aims to integrate multi-omic data like genomics, proteomics, and imaging into a predictive model to better classify pancreatic cancer patients. The goal is to identify novel biomarkers and pathways to advance early detection and personalized treatment.
APPLICATION OF NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS) IN CANCER TREATMENT
Next generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized cancer treatment by enabling high throughput DNA sequencing. This document discusses several applications of NGS in cancer treatment including whole exome sequencing of tumors from 25 patients to identify genetic mutations, using avatar mouse models to test proposed treatment strategies, detecting mutations in liquid biopsies, and identifying somatic mutations in leukemia patients. Challenges of NGS include analyzing large amounts of data, accurately interpreting variants, and addressing ethical issues.
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...
Ovarian cancer is relatively common but serious and has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to highlight the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of this malignant pathology managed at the Bejaia university hospital center. This is a retrospective and descriptive study over a period of 3 years (2019 - 2022) carried out on 20 patients who developed ovarian cancer. The average age of the patients was 50 years old, 53.23% of whom were over 45 years old. The CA-125 blood test was positive in 18 out of 20 patients. The tumors were discovered on ultrasound in 87.10% of cases and at laparotomy in 12.90%. Total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy was the most performed procedure (64.52%). The early postoperative course was simple. 15 patients underwent second look surgery (16.13%) for locoregional recurrences. Epithelial tumors were the most frequent histological type (93.55%), including 79% in the advanced stage ( IIIc -IV) and 21% in the early stage (Ia- Ib ). Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 80% of patients. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 2 patients were lost to follow-up. The evolution was favorable in 27.42% and in 25.81% deaths occurred late postoperatively. Ovarian cancer is not common but serious given the advanced stages and the high rate of late postoperative deaths which were largely observed in patients deprived of adequate neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.
The Application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in cancer treatment
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has several advantages for cancer treatment including high throughput sequencing, screening of multiple genes simultaneously, and decreased costs. NGS faces challenges from complex data analysis and validation of new technologies. Key clinical applications of NGS include whole genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis via RNA-seq, and sequencing of cell-free DNA. Future areas of development include immunotherapy, epigenetics research, and using circulating tumor cells to detect early relapse. More research is still needed to fully realize the potential of NGS in personalized cancer treatment.
MCO 2011 - Slide 33 - C. Svedman - Spotlight session - Criteria to evaluate g...
MCO 2011 - Slide 33 - C. Svedman - Spotlight session - Criteria to evaluate g...European School of Oncology
The document discusses criteria for evaluating genomic tests, including whether the test is clinically meaningful, how it was validated, reliability, practicality, and cost-effectiveness. It emphasizes that tests must provide value beyond traditional measures and require multiple studies as evidence. Genomic tests are developed through a process similar to drug development, starting with initial studies to develop relevant profiles which are then validated in additional studies with prospective design. Sources of variability must be rigorously controlled and clinical context is important.Liquid biopsies
As the techniques that have enabled us to analyses and assess a biopsy become ever more sophisticated, we have realised the limitations of looking at the single snap-shot of the tumour. This single-biopsy bias was highlighted in which it was mainly demonstrated that a portion taken from different parts of a primary tumour and its metastases showed and proved extensive intertumoural and intratumoural evolution. This tumoural heterogeneity mainly highlights the difficulty of dictating a therapeutic course of action based on the single biopsy, as it is likely to underestimate the ramification of the genomic landscape of the tumour (Chomczynski et al., 2016).Having established that there is mainly considerable tumour heterogeneity, taking multiple biopsies from the patients‘ primary tumour and the metastases would seem to be the most obvious next step. There are so much difficulties in obtaining the tissue biopsy— including the discomfort suffered by the patient, the inherent clinical risks to the patient
Teza final braicu ovidiu leonard
This document is a PhD thesis that examines molecular profiling of endometriosis and related malignancies. It includes 3 studies on this topic. The first study profiles miRNA expression in endometriosis and ovarian cancer samples to identify differently expressed miRNAs and generate miRNA networks. The second study examines the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on ovarian cancer cells and related gene expression. The third study explores the therapeutic potential of RNA interference for modulating gene expression in ovarian and cervical cancers. The thesis aims to further the understanding of molecular mechanisms in endometriosis and related cancers to inform diagnostic and treatment approaches.
Next Generation Sequencing
Next generation sequencing (NGS) provides a high-throughput and cheaper alternative to DNA sequencing through massively parallel sequencing of millions of DNA fragments simultaneously. NGS can be used for target sequencing to identify disease-causing mutations, RNA sequencing to study entire transcriptomes, and has various applications in cancer research and treatment including identifying mutations that predict responses to immunotherapy. However, NGS also faces challenges like accurately sequencing regions with repeats and detecting fusion genes.
Identification of cancer drivers across tumor types
Thousands of tumor genomes/exomes are being sequenced as part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other initiatives. This opens the possibility to have, for the first time, a comprehensive picture of mutations, genes and pathways involved in the cancer phenotype across tumor types. We have developed computational methods able to identify signals of positive selection in the pattern of tumor somatic mutations, which point to genes and pathways directly involved in the development of the tumors. We have applied these approaches to 3025 tumors from 12 different cancer types of the TCGA Pan-Cancer project, identifying 291 high-confidence cancer driver genes acting on those tumors (Tamborero et al 2013). We have also developed IntOGen-mutations (http://www.intogen.org/mutations), a novel web platform for cancer genomes interpretations, which analyses not only TCGA pan-cancer data but all mutation data from ICGC and other initiatives. The resource allows users to identify driver mutations, genes and pathways acting on more than 6000 tumors originated in 17 different cancer sites and to analyze newly sequence tumor genomes. Among the novel cancer drivers identified there are chromatin regulatory factors and splicing factors, which are emerging as important genes in cancer development and are regarded as interesting candidates for novel targets for cancer treatment. In my talk I will summarize all these recent findings.
More info: http://bg.upf.edu/blog/2013/10/my-slides-on-identification-of-cancer-drivers-across-tumor-types/
Portec 4a
(1) The document summarizes the PORTEC 4A trial, which aims to evaluate molecular risk profiling to guide adjuvant treatment decisions in early-stage endometrial cancer.
(2) The trial compares adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy, the current standard, to a molecular profiling-based approach that may recommend observation, brachytherapy, or pelvic radiation.
(3) Based on previous studies, it is estimated that 50-55% of patients will be low risk and need only observation, 40% intermediate risk requiring brachytherapy, and 5-10% high risk needing pelvic radiation. The goal is to reduce overtreatment while maintaining local control.
Pg dreview
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows embryos created through in vitro fertilization to be tested for genetic defects before implantation. It is primarily used for two groups - individuals at high risk of passing on genetic diseases to prevent disease or termination of pregnancies, and to screen embryos for chromosomal abnormalities to improve IVF success rates. The techniques used include biopsy of polar bodies or blastomeres from embryos, followed by analysis using polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or comparative genomic hybridization. PGD is most commonly used for common single gene disorders and chromosomal translocations but requires specialized expertise and is not feasible for rare genetic conditions. It has helped many families avoid transmission of inherited diseases and improve outcomes of
Pg dreview
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was introduced in the 1990s to test embryos created through in vitro fertilization for genetic defects before implantation. Techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction allow for analysis of chromosomes and genes in single cells from embryos. PGD is used for couples at high risk of passing on genetic diseases and for in vitro fertilization patients undergoing screening of embryos for chromosomal abnormalities. The techniques and indications for PGD are discussed along with results and outcomes of pregnancies achieved through the procedure.
Pg dreview
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) allows embryos created through in vitro fertilization to be tested for genetic defects before implantation. It is primarily used for two groups - individuals at high risk of passing on genetic diseases to prevent disease or termination of pregnancies, and to screen embryos for chromosomal abnormalities to improve IVF success rates. The techniques used include biopsy of polar bodies or blastomeres from embryos, followed by analysis using polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or comparative genomic hybridization. PGD is most commonly used for common single gene disorders and chromosomal translocations but is limited by the technical challenges of testing single cells.
Role of biotechnology in cancer control
Gene profiling, genome analysis, and cell culture are important biotechnology techniques for cancer control. Gene profiling identifies cancer-related genes and biomarkers through techniques like DNA sequencing, in situ hybridization, and real-time PCR. Genome analysis compares genomic elements and identifies cancer-related genes differentially expressed in cancer tissues through microarray analysis. Cell culture introduces cancer genes into cell lines to study their effects on cells and cancer progression. These biotechnology techniques provide insights into cancer causes and targets for more effective prevention and treatment.
Similar to MolDiag_Sx.pptx (20)
Mini Review of Prostate Cancer Diagnostics_Crimson Publishers
Mini Review of Prostate Cancer Diagnostics_Crimson Publishers
APPLICATION OF NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS) IN CANCER TREATMENT
APPLICATION OF NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING (NGS) IN CANCER TREATMENT
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...
A retrospective study on ovarian cancer with a median follow-up of 36 months ...
The Application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in cancer treatment
The Application of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) in cancer treatment
MCO 2011 - Slide 33 - C. Svedman - Spotlight session - Criteria to evaluate g...
MCO 2011 - Slide 33 - C. Svedman - Spotlight session - Criteria to evaluate g...
Identification of cancer drivers across tumor types
Identification of cancer drivers across tumor types
Recently uploaded
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Know Latest Hiranandani Hospital Powai News.pdf
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
FACIAL NERVE
The facial nerve, also known as cranial nerve VII, is one of the 12 cranial nerves originating from the brain. It's a mixed nerve, meaning it contains both sensory and motor fibres, and it plays a crucial role in controlling various facial muscles, as well as conveying sensory information from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
一比一原版(USF毕业证)旧金山大学毕业证如何办理
USF毕业证offer【微信95270640】《旧金山大学毕业证购买》《如何办理USF毕业证旧金山大学文凭学历》Q微信95270640实体公司，专业可靠，办理毕业证办美国成绩单,做加拿大文凭学历认证,办新西兰学位证，学位证书是什么?《制作旧金山大学毕业证多少钱》《USF学历证书丢了怎么办理》办澳洲文凭认证，办留信网认证（网上可查，实体公司，专业可靠）
专业为留学生办理旧金山大学旧金山大学硕士学位证成绩单【100%存档可查】留学全套申请材料办理。本公司承诺所有毕业证成绩单成品全部按照学校原版工艺对照一比一制作和学校一样的羊皮纸张保证您证书的质量！
如果你回国在学历认证方面有以下难题请联系我们我们将竭诚为你解决认证瓶颈
1所有材料真实但资料不全无法提供完全齐整的原件。【如：成绩单丶毕业证丶回国证明等材料中有遗失的。】
2获得真实的国外最终学历学位但国外本科学历就读经历存在问题或缺陷。【如：国外本科是教育部不承认的或者是联合办学项目教育部没有备案的或者外本科没有正常毕业的。】
3学分转移联合办学等情况复杂不知道怎么整理材料的。时间紧迫自己不清楚递交流程的。
如果你是以上情况之一请联系我们我们将在第一时间内给你免费咨询相关信息。我们将帮助你整理认证所需的各种材料.帮你解决国外学历认证难题。
国外旧金山大学旧金山大学硕士学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询旧金山大学旧金山大学硕士学位证成绩单）；
2开始安排制作旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子图；
3旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4旧金山大学毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5旧金山大学成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。头贼脑的倒也逗人喜爱日上三竿时山娃总爱窜进自家瓜棚里跟小伙伴们坐着聊天聊着聊着便忍不住往瓜田里逡巡一番抱起一只硕大的西瓜用石刀劈开抑或用拳头砸开每人抱起一大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡名义上是护瓜吃
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
Presentation made by Mat Southwell to the Harm Reduction Working Group of the English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners. Discuss stimulants, OAMT, NSP coverage and community-led approach to DCRs. Focussing on active drug user perspectives and interests
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENT WITH EMPHYSEMA .PPT
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
Management of Post Operative Pain: to make doctors conscious about the benefi...
Multimodal analgesia.
Data-Driven Dispensing- Rise of AI in Pharmacies.pdf
Imagine AI making your pharmacy experience smoother, safer, and more personalized.
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
Sectional dentures for microstomia patients.pptx
Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
Pneumothorax and role of Physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
NEEDLE STICK INJURY - JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION - DR SHAMIN EABENSON
NEEDLE STICK INJURY - JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION - DR SHAMIN EABENSON
Hypotension and role of physiotherapy in it
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024 with Policy Makers, Academic Innovation C...
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024. Includes 7 categories: Policy Makers, Academic Innovation Centers, Digital Health Providers, Healthcare Providers, Payers / Insurance, Device Companies, Life Science Companies, Innovation Accelerators. Developed by the Michigan-Israel Business Accelerator
Recently uploaded (20)
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
English Drug and Alcohol Commissioners June 2024.pptx
Management of Post Operative Pain: to make doctors conscious about the benefi...
Management of Post Operative Pain: to make doctors conscious about the benefi...
Data-Driven Dispensing- Rise of AI in Pharmacies.pdf
Data-Driven Dispensing- Rise of AI in Pharmacies.pdf
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
Psychedelic Retreat Portugal - Escape to Lighthouse Retreats for an unforgett...
chatgptfornlp-230314021506-2f03f614.pdf. 21506-2f03f614.pdf
chatgptfornlp-230314021506-2f03f614.pdf. 21506-2f03f614.pdf
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...
NEEDLE STICK INJURY - JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION - DR SHAMIN EABENSON
NEEDLE STICK INJURY - JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION - DR SHAMIN EABENSON
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024 with Policy Makers, Academic Innovation C...
Michigan HealthTech Market Map 2024 with Policy Makers, Academic Innovation C...
MolDiag_Sx.pptx
- 1. Dr. Suprava Biswal PG – 1, Dept of Surgery, IMS SUM Molecular Biology In Surgical Diagnosis and Therapy
- 2. Specific Learning Objectives 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 2 Need of Molecular Diagnostics in Surgery Specimen used for Molecular Diagnostics Diagnostic modalities Management of Surgical cases by Molecular methods
- 3. What is Molecular Biology 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 3
- 4. Interest to Surgeons 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 4 Diagnosis For conclusive clinical diagnosis Accidental and incidental findings Differentiating benign from malignant Classification of cancer Cancer screening programs Staging of detected malignancies Management of patients Selection of treatment modality Assessing treatment response Prognostic evaluation
- 5. Tissue Specimens 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 5 Histology Formalin Fixed Biopsy Resection Fresh Tissue Frozen Section Research – Tissue banking Cytology Cervical Scrapes & washing FNAC Liquid Biopsy
- 6. Tissue Specimen (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 6 Specimens are either by biopsy or resection USG or CT – guided biopsies aid in reducing errors Collected sample is used for molecular analysis For routine histology – immediately fixed with formalin by the surgical team For frozen section – done intraoperatively Cytology specimens – collected directly (urine, sputum) or through washing (Bronchial lavage) or FNAC
- 7. Tissue Preparation 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 7
- 8. Diagnostic modalities 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 8
- 9. Diagnostic modalities 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 9 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Detects specific dye-labelled antigen Quantifiable Safe, quick and inexpensive Both fixed and frozen tissue can be used
- 10. Diagnostic modalities (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 10
- 11. Diagnostic modalities (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 11 Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplifies DNA to check for genetic abnormalities Mutational Analysis testing for clonality, detection of fusion transcripts resulting from cytogenetic changes, Detection of amplifications, and detection of gene hypermethylation
- 12. Diagnostic modalities (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 12 Genes Associated with specific Cancers
- 13. Diagnostic modalities (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 13 Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridization Easy to use and common technique for detection of genetic abnormalities Fluorescent labelled oligonucleotide probe that targets a specific sequence of RNA or DNA allows visualization of the presence or absence and location of a particular RNA or DNA sequence in situ in tissue section visualized by fluorescence microscopy
- 14. Diagnostic modalities (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 14 HER2 pattern in FISH EWSR1 pattern in FISH
- 15. Diagnostic modalities (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 15 Other sequencing techniques Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) Detects genomic abnormalities Associated with carcinomatous changes
- 16. Management of Surgical cases by Molecular methods 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 16 Management aimed in 2 parts Treatment by Precision Medicine Prognostic assessment
- 17. Management of Surgical cases by Molecular methods 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 17 Cancer Precision Medicine development of individualized cancer care plans, partly on the basis of molecular abnormalities in a tumor Germline and somatic mutations may be taken into consideration
- 18. Management of Surgical cases by Molecular methods (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 18 Targeted therapeutics for GI Cancer Targeted therapeutics for Breast Cancer
- 19. Management of Surgical cases by Molecular methods (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 19 Cancer Prognosis determine the selection of therapy for tumors may also have additional prognostic value
- 20. Management of Surgical cases by Molecular methods (contd.) 21st March 2023 Dr. Suprava Biswal 20 Molecular Diagnostic and Therapeutic Profiling of Common Carcinomas
- 21. Thank You!