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Optical networking uses fiber optic cables to transmit digital signals through pulsing light. There are different types of light sources (such as LEDs and lasers) and fibers (single-mode and multimode) that are used depending on the distance and bandwidth needs. Optical networking has applications in both private networks like campuses as well as public networks for long-distance transmission, cable TV backbones, and connecting devices like PBXs and switches.
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The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It provides information on:
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- How GPS works using a network of satellites that transmit timing and location data to receivers on Earth to calculate latitude, longitude and altitude.
- The components of GPS including 24 satellites in six orbital planes, ground control stations, and user receivers.
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This document provides a summary of English language lessons covering topics such as:
1. Present tenses including present simple and present continuous. Verb forms and common expressions.
2. Future tense using "going to" and predictions. Indirect objects and object pronouns.
3. Past simple tense and time expressions for talking about the past. Location prepositions and questions about places.
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The document provides guidance on how to write an effective cover letter. It explains that a cover letter introduces your CV and highlights relevant skills and experience to answer why an employer should hire you. The summary includes the key elements of a cover letter such as a rigid structure with four paragraphs addressing why you are applying, matching qualifications to the job, your interest in the position, and requesting an interview. Finally, it notes a cover letter should be short at 200-250 words and accompany your CV when applying for a job.
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This summary provides an overview of the history and technology of mobile, cellular, and personal communications systems:
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Local area networks (LANs) connect devices within a single organization through common transmission technologies at high speeds over short ranges. LANs allow for sharing of files, printers, and other resources and provide access to wider networks. Key characteristics of LANs include high speed, restricted range, use of a common medium, and network operating systems to manage connectivity and security. LANs can be classified based on their topology, access method, modulation method, and transmission medium. Common configurations include Ethernet, token ring, and wireless networks.
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This document discusses various access technologies used for broadband internet connections, including DSL, cable, wireless, and microwave radio systems. It describes technologies like ADSL, VDSL, HDSL, and DOCSIS that provide internet access over existing telephone lines or cable infrastructure. Wireless options like Wi-Fi, WiMAX, MMDS, and 3G cellular are also summarized. The document concludes with an overview of microwave radio systems, discussing technologies like parabolic antennas, repeaters, multipath fading, and environmental factors that can impact microwave signals.
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Module2
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