Living in the IT era

2. INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information
and various types of electronically mediated communication.

4. IT VERSUS ICT
ICT is technology that supports activities involving information such
as gatherings, processing, storing, and presenting data.
IT pertains to the industry that involves computers, software,
networking and other IT infrastructure to help relay or manage
information. Simply put, IT is a subset of ICT as the technology used
in the field of IT aids in the use of ICT.

6. HISTORY OF COMPUTERS
FIRST -GENERATION COMPUTER (1946- 1958)
Second generation: 1959-1965
Third generation: 1965-1971
Fourth generation: 1971-1980
Fifth generation: 1980-onwards

7. FIRST -GENERATION COMPUTER (1946- 1958) Operation based on vacuum tubes
These tubes were the first technology that
allowed the digital processing of data.
They needed a lot of electricity for their
operation and they had to stay
continuously on. For this reason, these
machines reached high temperatures that
made their operation slower and made it
necessary to use air conditioning in the
rooms where they were installed.
The technical characteristics of first-
generation computers made their
manufacturing and operation very slow
and costly.
All those computers were developed to
order and designed to fulfill a specific
function. They were manufactured by
hand and individually, for that reason a
massive production was not possible.

8. The first computers
Colossus - 1943

9. The first computers cont….
ENIAC

10. The first computers cont….
Manchester Baby
1948

11. The first computers cont….
UNIVAC

12. Second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor-based operation.
transistors were used that were cheaper,
consumed less power, more compact in size, more
reliable and faster than the first-generation
machines made of vacuum tubes.
The main features of second generation are
 Use of transistors
 Reliable in comparison to first generation computers
 Smaller size as compared to first generation computers
 Generated less heat as compared to first generation
computers
 Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation
computers
 Faster than first generation computers
 Still very costly
 AC required
 Supported machine and assembly languages

13. Third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated circuit based operation.
This development made computers smaller in size, reliable, and
efficient
The main features of third generation are
 IC used
 More reliable in comparison to previous two generations
 Smaller size
 Generated less heat
 Faster
 Lesser maintenance
 Costly
 AC required
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Supported high-level language

14. Fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor based.
he main features of fourth generation are
 VLSI technology used
 Very cheap
 Portable and reliable
 Use of PCs
 Very small size
 Pipeline processing
 No AC required
 Concept of internet was introduced
 Great developments in the fields of networks
 Computers became easily available

15. Fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor based
AI includes
 Robotics
 Neural Networks
 Game Playing
 Development of expert systems to make decisions in real-life
situations
 Natural language understanding and generation

16. The Three Major Components of a Computer System
 hardware
 software
 humanware

18. Why Computers are Powerful
 Speed - computer can perform trillions of operations in one
second.
 Reliability and Consistency – has low failure rate.
 Accuracy – the accuracy of the computer’s output depends
on the accuracy of the input.
 Communication – the message being transmitted can
contain facts, thoughts, perceptions, judgements, beliefs,
attitudes, commands, and even reactions.

19. Digital Age, Information Age, and
Computer Age

20. Media in the Digital Age

22. Overview of Current trends
In an article from Comptia.org, Watters(2020) identified 10 major IT trends in 2020.
Artificial Intelligence(AI)
Blockchain
Cybersecurity
Drones
Edge Computing
Internet of Things (IoT)
Quantum Computing
Quantum Computing
3D Printing
5G