The document summarizes several models of curriculum development: - Tyler's model from 1949 focuses on objectives-driven curriculum with five steps including defining objectives, selecting content, organizing content, selecting learning experiences, and evaluation. - Contemporary models discussed include Understanding by Design, Project-Based Learning, 21st Century Skills Framework, Integrated Curriculum model, Spiral Curriculum model, Competency-Based Education, and Culturally Relevant and Responsive Teaching. - Each model has a different philosophical approach and set of key concepts for developing curriculum.

1. MODELS OF CURRICULUM
DEVRELOPMENT
MAED EDLM
1st Sem- 2023-2024

2. Tyler's Model: Rational-Emotive Model (1949):
•Philosophy: Derived from a scientific approach.
•Steps:
• Define Objectives: Clearly state what students should know and be
able to do.
• Select Content: Identify the most relevant and appropriate content.
• Organize Content: Determine the sequence and structure of the
curriculum.
• Select Learning Experiences: Choose teaching methods and
activities.
• Evaluation: Develop assessment methods to measure achievement of
objectives.

3. Wheeler Model (1967):
•Philosophy: Focuses on social and individual development.
•Steps:
• Appraisal of Needs: Identify the needs of society and
individuals.
• Formulation of Objectives: Develop specific objectives.
• Selection of Content: Choose content that meets the
objectives.
• Organization of Content: Arrange content logically.
• Selection of Strategies: Choose appropriate teaching
strategies.
• Evaluation: Develop assessment methods.

4. Taba Model (1962):
•Philosophy: Emphasizes teacher and student involvement in
curriculum planning.
•Steps:
• Diagnosis of Needs: Identify learner needs and interests.
• Formulation of Objectives: Establish broad educational
objectives.
• Selection of Content: Identify content related to objectives.
• Organization of Content: Plan the sequence and structure of
content.
• Selection of Learning Experiences: Design instructional
strategies.
• Evaluation: Develop assessment methods.

5. Oliva Model (1971):
•Philosophy: Stresses the importance of societal influences on curriculum.
•Steps:
• Content and Objective Selection: Identify content and objectives.
• Organization of Content: Structure content logically.
• Selection of Learning Experiences: Choose appropriate teaching
methods.
• Evaluation: Develop assessment methods.

6. Tanner Model (1980):
•Philosophy: Integrates educational psychology into curriculum
development.
•Steps:
• Setting Objectives: Define objectives based on learning
principles.
• Content Selection: Choose content that supports objectives.
• Organization of Content: Structure content for effective learning.
• Selection of Strategies: Choose appropriate instructional
methods.
• Evaluation: Develop assessment methods based on learning

7. Taba's Grassroots Approach (1967):
•Philosophy: Stresses the importance of involving teachers and students
in the curriculum development process.
•Steps:
• Diagnose Needs: Identify needs and interests of students.
• Formulate Objectives: Develop broad educational objectives.
• Selection of Content: Identify content related to objectives.
• Organization of Content: Plan the sequence and structure of
content.
• Selection of Learning Experiences: Design instructional
strategies.
• Evaluation: Develop assessment methods.

8. CONTEMPORARY CURRICULUM
MODELS

9. Understanding by Design (UbD):
•Philosophy: Developed by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe, UbD
focuses on understanding and transfer of learning.
•Key Concepts:
• Backward Design: Start with the end goals in mind and design
curriculum backward.
• Essential Questions: Pose questions that guide the learning
process.
• Performance Tasks: Emphasize assessments that require
application and transfer of knowledge.

10. Project-Based Learning (PBL):
•Philosophy: Learning is driven by projects that involve solving real-
world problems or answering complex questions.
•Key Concepts:
• Project Design: Students engage in extended, real-world projects.
• Collaboration and Inquiry: Emphasizes teamwork and student-
driven inquiry.
• Authentic Assessment: Assessment is integrated into the project
work.

11. 21st Century Skills Framework:
Philosophy: Focuses on developing skills deemed essential for success
in the 21st century, including critical thinking, collaboration,
communication, and creativity.
•Key Concepts:
• Skills Integration: Embedding skills development within content
areas.
• Technology Integration: Emphasizes the use of technology for
learning.
• Global and Cultural Awareness: Addresses the interconnected
nature of the world.

12. Integrated Curriculum Model:
Philosophy: Promotes the integration of subjects to create a more holistic
and interconnected learning experience.
Key Concepts:
• Interdisciplinary Approach: Integrating content across subjects.
• Real-world Connections: Relates learning to real-life contexts.
• Project-Based Learning: Often incorporates project-based
approaches.

13. Spiral Curriculum Model:
Philosophy: Developed by Jerome Bruner, this model introduces key
concepts at a basic level and revisits them in a spiral manner, increasing
complexity with each iteration.
•Key Concepts:
• Repetition and Reinforcement: Fundamental concepts are
revisited to deepen understanding.
• Progressive Complexity: Content becomes more sophisticated as
students progress.
• Scaffolded Learning: Building on prior knowledge and skills.

14. Competency-Based Education (CBE):
Philosophy: Focuses on students mastering specific competencies
rather than progressing through a predetermined curriculum.
•Key Concepts:
• Personalized Learning: Tailoring instruction to individual student
needs.
• Mastery Learning: Students advance upon mastering content,
not based on time spent in class.
• Flexible Pacing: Allows students to progress at their own pace.

15. Culturally Relevant and Responsive Teaching
(CRRT):
Philosophy: Recognizes and incorporates students' cultural backgrounds
and experiences into the curriculum to make learning more meaningful
and relevant.
•Key Concepts:
• Cultural Inclusivity: Acknowledges and incorporates diverse
perspectives.
• Social Justice Education: Addresses social issues and
inequalities.
• Student Empowerment: Encourages students to explore and
express their cultural identities.

17. THANK YOU