The document discusses mobile health (mHealth), which uses mobile devices like phones and monitors to improve healthcare delivery and outcomes. It defines mHealth and notes there are over 165,000 mHealth apps available, mainly for patients, with top categories including disease and wellness management. mHealth aims to enhance self-management of chronic illnesses like diabetes and reduce hospital stays through remote monitoring. While mHealth has potential, challenges include regulatory issues, privacy, reliability and integration into healthcare systems. The document evaluates mHealth applications and provides examples of how mHealth is used for diabetes management, wellness tracking, diagnostics and distance learning.

1. Mobile Health
Hosna Salmani
MSc Student of Health Information Technology
School of Health Management and Information Science,
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2. Mobile Health (mHealth) – Definition
Medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices,
such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal
digital assistants (PDAs), and otherwireless devices.
 mHealth stands for mobile-based solutions that deliver health.
Mobile health (mHealth) is an essential element of electronic
health (eHealth)
MHealth is important because it makes healthcare practices
accessible to the public through mobile communication
technologies in a variety of ways (e.g., providing healthcare
information, collecting health data, observing patients, etc.)
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3. mHealth
mHealth aims to improve care by making health information easily
accessible for patients with long-term conditions (chronic disease) such
as diabetes.
There are currently more than 165,000 mobile health apps publicly
available in major app stores
 the vast majority of which are designed for patients.
 The top 2 categories are wellness management and disease
management apps
other categories include: self diagnosis, medication reminder, and
electronic patient portal apps.
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4. mHealth
Mobile Health, or mHealth, describes the use of mobile and wireless
communication technologies to improve healthcare delivery, outcomes,
and research.
259,000 mHealth apps are available on app stores
3.2 billion downloads annually.
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5. mHealth Goals:
•Develop patient-centered
healthcare delivery
•Increased self-management
of illness
•Reduced number of hospital
beds occupied
•Remote monitoring and
smart diagnosis
•Improved disease
management
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7. 7

8. Success Factors:
aim
user
location
regulations and content
platform
idea
marketing and support of application
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9. Barriers and issues:
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regulatory
Privacy and Security
integration
 Reliability
Accessibility
Acceptability
Usability
Confidentiality
Integrity
Knowledge Sharing
Systems Flexibility
 lack of teamwork
 poor security
 high price
 Lack of clinician
involvement
 poor attention to
usability

10. Challenges:
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accuracy,
efficiency,
effectiveness and
user satisfaction

11. mHealth Applications:
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Typical m-Health services architectures (presented in Fig. 1) use the
Internet and Web services to provide an authentic pervasive
interaction among doctors and patients. A physician or a patient can
easily access the same medical record anytime and anywhere through
his/her personal computer, tablet, or smartphone. The patient can
contact the physician in case of an emergency, or even, have access to
medical registers or appointments regardless of time and place

13. Evaluation of mHealth
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Five-stage model for comprehensive research on telehealth.

14. Evaluation of mHealth
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suggesting a technology-based solution for a health or medical
problem (Stage 1: Concept development).
 how the service delivery model should be modified/re-designed to
accommodate the proposed intervention (Stage 2: Service design).
the efficacy of the proposed model of care/service should be studied
under a controlled environment (Stage 3: Pre implementation).
If the efficacy of the intervention is established, it can be the subject of
subsequent study in real-world settings in which the intervention is
implemented and its effectiveness is studied (Stage 4: Implementation).
After implementation of a telehealth intervention, several research
approaches can be taken to examine the impact and sustainability of
the system (Stage 5: Post-implementation).

15. Diabetes:
The majority of mHealth disease management interventions have
focused on diabetes.
 Patients living with diabetes experience difficulties associated with
poor knowledge about their condition and the need to maintain a strict
lifestyle.
 Diabetes, as a disease, is associated with many complications;
therefore, education, management, and control of diabetes is of vital
importance.
MHealth could help diabetic patients make decisions necessary for
optimal insulin dosing and promote self-management.
self-management aims to involve patients in their long-term care
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16. Mobile Application (App)-Diabetes
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17. Mobile Application (App)
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Smartphone-
based ultrasound
imaging
Toothbrush: Record every
brush stroke. Sends your
dental report to your
smartphone via Bluetooth
Google Lenses:
Contact Detects
glucose in tears
Built for people suffering from
insomnia.Tracks body movements,
Breathing motion, noice pollution
& room temperature

18. SMS Consultation
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19. Distance Learning
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20. Wellness Tracking
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21. Handheld Hospital
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22. Tracking Matters
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23. DIY CheckUp
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24. Remote Diagnostics
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25. 25

26. References:
1. Kay, Misha, Jonathan Santos, and Marina Takane. "mHealth: New
horizons for health through mobile technologies." World Health
Organization 64.7 (2011): 66-71.
2. Consumer Mobile Health Apps: Current State, Barriers, and Future
Directions Cheng-Kai Kao, MD, David M. Liebovitz, MD May 2017, Pages S106-S115
3. Awareness and Use of mHealth Apps: A Study from England Reem
Kayyali *, Aliki Peletidi, Muhammad Ismail, Zahra Hashim, Pedro
Bandeira and Jennifer Bonnah
4. Key Advances in Clinical Informatics Transforming Health Care
Through Health Information Technology 2017, Pages 183–196
5. Persian mHealth Apps: A Cross Sectional Study Based on Use Case
Classification Marjan Ghazi SAEEDI , Sharareh Rostam Niakan
KALHORI , Rasool NOURI and a a a,1 Mobin YASINI b 2016
6. https://research2guidance.com/product/mhealth-app-developer-
economics-2016/
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27. References:
7. PwC analysis
8. Healthcare Mobile Applications: Success and Failure Factors M Dehghani1, N Moftian,
Z Salimzadeh, R Khara2,*GH Alizadeh 2016
9. Key Advances in Clinical Informatics Transforming Health Care Through Health
Information Technology 2017, Pages 183–196
10. Consumer Mobile Health Apps: Current State, Barriers, and Future Directions
Cheng-Kai Kao, MD, David M. Liebovitz, MD May 2017, Pages S106-S115
11. Extending the framework for Mobile Health Information Systems Research: A Content
Analysis Shah Jahan Miah , John Gammack , Najmul Hasan 2017
12. Challenges in implementing mHealth interventions: a technical perspective Varadraj P.
Gurupur1 , Thomas T. H. Wan 2017
13. Extending the framework for Mobile Health Information Systems Research: A Content
Analysis Shah Jahan Miah , John Gammack , Najmul Hasan
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28. References:
14. Methodological Review Mobile-health: A review of current state in 2015 Bruno M.C.
Silva a,1 , Joel J.P.C. Rodrigues a,b, Isabel de la Torre Díez c,2 , Miguel López-Coronado
c,2 , Kashif Saleem b,
15. Fatehi, Farhad, et al. "How to formulate research questionsand design studies
for telehealth assessment and evaluation."Journal of Telemedicine and
Telecare (2016)
16. Awareness and Use of mHealth Apps: A Study from England Reem Kayyali *, Aliki
Peletidi, Muhammad Ismail, Zahra Hashim, Pedro Bandeira and Jennifer Bonnah 2017
17. Shiraz mHealth conference 2016
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29. Thank you for your attention
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Hosna Salmani
Email: hosnasalmani@gmail.com
LinkedIn: Hosna Salmani
Twitter: hosnasalmani