This document provides information and guidelines for writing mini-research papers, literary analysis, and political analysis. It defines mini-research as shorter qualitative research papers. It then gives examples of elements to analyze for a short story, such as characters, setting, theme, and plot. Guidelines are provided for writing a literary analysis, including examining the title, using evidence from the text, and following a standard structure. Political analysis is defined as rigorous analysis of evidence to make or test claims. Guidelines for political analysis include having broad political knowledge, researching the issue, and following the same structure as literary analysis with an introduction, body, and conclusion.

1. MINI-RESEARCH
PAPERS/
ANALYSIS
Lesson 3
(Page 107-110)

2. MINI-RESEARCH 1:
MINI-RESEARCH 2:
POLITICAL SCIENCE
ANALYSIS
GUIDELINES FOR
WRITING LITERARY AND
POLITICAL SCIENCE
ANALYSIS
LITERARY ANALYSIS

3. Research is a wide-ranging field that basically covers
different contents, approaches, and emphases,
depending on the writer’s aim and objectives. There
are researches that are generally considered “mini” for
its length is not as long as other full-blown
researches. This does not mean that is not well
thought of or written but these papers do not need a
long process or do not require experiments and other
method. Moreover, there are also many qualitative
researches that are considered ‘mini’ researches.

4. MINI RESEARCH 1:
Literature, as defined by
scholars, refers to books and
other written works,
especially those with artistic
value.
Example:
• Novels of Emily Dickenson
• Poems of William Shakespeare
• Short stories of Edgar Allan
Poe, etc.
LITERARY ANALYSIS
Through these literature, diverse stories
about man, society, history and culture are
interestingly revealed to the human
consciousness.
This revelation brings different meanings and
lessons that shape man and the world he or she
lives in.

5. A short story is one of the
known forms of literature.
It can be presented as
fiction or non-fiction. They
are written to communicate.
To complete a piece,
writers use certain elements
to convey their thoughts and
feelings.

6. ● The Characters- knowns
as the moving spirits of
the story. These actors
may come in a form of a
person or an animal. Two
important characters in
the story is the
protagonist or the
character which the
story revolves, and the
antagonist or the
character that opposes
the protagonist.
Elements: ● The Setting of the story-
known as the place or
time the story unfolds.
In medieval literary
works, castles, farmlands
are the common setting.
● The theme or the central
idea of the story- often
stated in a single
statement. Some literary
themes tell about love,
politics, death,
technology, heroism,
survival, or terrorism.

7. ● The plot of the story-
the arrangement of ideas
and/or incidents in the
story.
Basic Plot:
● The conflict reveals the
the struggle of the
characters against other
forces such as nature and
society.
Examples:
* self vs. self conflict
* self vs. society
* self vs. others
* self vs. nature
Peak
(known as climax)
Account
(known as exposition)
Denouement
(known as resolution or end
of the story)
(when the
main
character
faces a
series of
conflicts)
(events
leading to
the end of
the story)

8. ● The point of view is
the relationship of
the narrator
storyteller to the
story.
Examples:
• First POV (uses the
pronouns
I,myself,mine,our)
• Third POV ( uses the
pronouns he/she, him/her)
● The symbols which are
meant to be
representatives of
something or an idea
greater than the
object itself.

9. Guidelines for Writing a
Literary Analysis
A literary analysis is a deeper understanding of
a literary work. To do careful examination
and evaluation of the elements presented is
necessary.
For instance, the title of a short story may be
analyzed by looking at the symbols used by
the author and/or to explain the attitude of
the protagonist in a literary work, his/her
words and actions towards other characters
as well as the way he/she thinks the story
may be investigated.

10. To come up with a literary analysis, here are some
considerations.
1. Examine the title carefully. The title is a clue to the theme of the
literary piece.
2. Use a dictionary to look up words that are unfamiliar.
3. After reading the work, list down the different elements of the story
and discuss how they are presented in the literary piece.
4. Prove your interpretation of textual evidence. Find a pattern of
examples such as identifying the paragraph or lines where the details
appear in the literature to support your idea. You may find this pattern
in the discussion and presentation of the literary elements.

11. 5. Write the literary analysis using the following parts:
 The introduction brings immediate focus to the subject of the
essay. A quotation, a provocative question, a brief anecdote, a
startling statement, or a combination of these can be used.
 The central idea of a literary analysis is developed in the body of
the essay. This contains an explanation of the ideas and evidence
from the text that supports those ideas.
 The conclusion gives the essay a sense of completeness, Restate
the thesis in different words, summarize the main points and make
a relevant comment about the literary work.
6. Any secondary sources must be documented. Typically, MLA style
documentation is used.

12. Political analysis is neither descriptive writing nor opinion-
based writing. It is not writing that stops at summary, nor
does it make unfounded assertions. Political analysis is
rigorous and systematic.
It explores a wide variety of political
problems and questions to test various
claims against a balanced and informed
field of relevant secondary scholarship
and primary sources.

13. Guidelines for Writing a
Political Analysis
The goal of political analysis is
to analyze evidence in order to
do one of two things. It either
aims to make a careful
argument for a position that
reasonably deals with counter-
arguments and evidence or it
works to test a scientifically
derived claim or hypothesis
(Marrioti, 2019).

14. Here are some
consideration in writing
a Political Analysis
1. A broad knowledge on local
and international politics.
2. Read and research on the
issue of interest
3. Write the analysis using the
following parts:
 The introduction expresses the
analyst's motive and presents the
thesis. The thesis should represent
his or her standpoint. It should be
arguable and falsifiable. The body
presents evidences from different
sources (ie, newspapers, opinions
from other authors, textual data,
etc.)
 The conclusion restates the thesis
in different words, summarizes.
 The main points and makes a
relevant comment on the
implications of the argument.

15. Did You
Know This?
Despite some critics expressing their
frustrations over the Duterte administration,
some laud and expresses great appreciation
over the projects and programs of the
administration especially the number of bills
signedinto law.

16. Here are some of these bills (Placedo, 2019)
1. Expanded Maternity Leave. Under this measure, all
working mothers in the government and private sector
are guaranteed with 105 days of paid maternity leave
credits, with seven days of the leave transferable to
fathers. Fifteen more days of the leave will be granted
to single mothers.
2. Universal Health Care. The said law guarantees
equitable access to "quality and affordable health
goods and services and protection against financial
risks. The measure enrols all Filipinos to the National
Health Insurance Program (NHIP), which includes
PhilHealth.

17. Here are some of these bills (Placedo, 2019)
3. Tax Amnesty Bill (Partial Veto). Tax Amnesty Act of 2019
was meant to complement the Tax Reform for
Acceleration and Inclusion or TRAIN law, as it will allow the
government to raise revenues for priority infrastructure
and social programs while unburdening those with past tax
liabilities.
4. Mobile Number Portability. In this bill, mobile service
providers are required to provide nationwide mobile
number portability to subscribers. Republic Act 11202 or
Mobile Number Portability Act imposes a "no
interconnection fee policy" on users making domestic calls
and text messages.

18. Reporters: