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This document provides a brief overview of human migration and the development of civilization from the Paleolithic Era to ancient empires. It notes that around 100,000 years ago, Homo sapiens began migrating out of Africa, eventually settling on Pacific Islands. After the last ice age ended 16,000 years ago, settlements developed where people grew plants, raised animals, and developed basic tools. Some of the earliest cities included those of the Sumerians, who created one of the first writing systems, and the Egyptians, who built pyramids and were ruled by pharaohs. It then discusses the Greco-Persian Wars between 500-499 BC, the expansion of the Chinese Qin Dynasty, and
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1) Humans migrated out of Africa starting 100,000 years ago, reaching the ends of the Earth by 1500 years ago.
2) An Agricultural Revolution began after the last Ice Age, where humans settled and began growing plants and domesticating animals, developing small settlements.
3) The first civilizations emerged around 3500-3000 BC in Sumer, Egypt, China, and Peru, marked by developments like writing, trade, pyramids, and organized governments.
Top 10 civilization of the world
The document provides a summary of the top 10 civilizations of the world. It describes each civilization's name, time period, original and current locations, and major highlights. The civilizations summarized are the Incan, Aztec, Roman, Persian, Ancient Greek, Chinese, Mayan, Ancient Egyptian, Indus Valley, and Mesopotamian civilizations. For each civilization there are 2-4 bullet points describing key aspects of the civilization such as important rulers, locations of power, cultural achievements, and factors in their decline.
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This document summarizes 10 ancient civilizations from around the world, including the Mesopotamian, Indus Valley, Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, Nubian, Maya, Hittite, Olmec, and Chivain civilizations. For each civilization, it provides the time period, location, and highlights some of their major achievements such as developing writing systems, building cities and infrastructure projects, advances in science and technology, and architectural accomplishments including temples and pyramids.
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The document summarizes four early river valley civilizations: Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and Ancient China. It focuses on details about Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations. Mesopotamia developed between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, with irrigation canals enabling agriculture. Writing in cuneiform on clay tablets emerged over 5,000 years ago. Egyptian civilization arose along the fertile Nile River valley. Power was centered around pharaohs, who were believed to be gods and controlled the land and trade. Both civilizations made advances in art, architecture like pyramids, and religion involving many gods and beliefs about afterlife.
Chapter1
This document provides an overview of the origins and early civilizations of the West. It discusses the emergence of anatomically modern humans around 100,000 years ago and the agricultural revolution beginning around 10,000 BC. The first civilizations emerged between 3500-3000 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt, which likely contained the first cities. Writing developed independently in these two regions between 3500-3100 BC. Sumerian city-states flourished in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC before being united by Sargon. Hammurabi later established one of the earliest legal codes. Egyptian civilization was based around the Nile River and invented the concept of deifying kings. Major early civilizations
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The document summarizes various aspects of ancient Roman civilization including its geography, military history, trade, growth of cities, religions, legal system, government, economy, and social structures. Key developments discussed include the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, the use of roads and sea trade routes to link the empire, the population growth of Roman cities to 8,000 by 600 BCE, the establishment of a republican form of government in 509 BCE, and the importance of aqueducts in supplying water and enabling further expansion.
Agricultural Era
The document discusses the agricultural era, which began around 10,000 years ago in the Middle East. During this era, nomadic hunter-gatherers settled into early villages and began cultivating crops and domesticating animals. Key aspects of the agricultural era included six pillars: soil, water, climate, seeds, tools, and peasants. Sources of wealth came from labor, land, knowledge, and capital like money and machines. The agricultural era lasted around 11,000 years until the 18th century, when the Industrial Revolution began in Britain and the era transitioned to an industrial era focused on machinery and technology rather than farming.
Anceint egypt
Ancient Egypt existed from 2800 BCE to the beginning of the common era along the Nile River. It had a complex social hierarchy led by the Pharaoh, who was viewed as a god, and included nobles, priests, craftsmen, farmers, and slaves. They developed an organized trading system using weights instead of money and traded agricultural goods. The Egyptian army was well-trained with battle tactics involving arrows, foot soldiers, and cavalry. Egyptian culture left many legacies, including inventions like papyrus paper, hieroglyphic writing, and agricultural techniques that utilized the Nile River.
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Ways of the worldmidtermpp
1) Humans migrated out of Africa starting 100,000 years ago, reaching the ends of the Earth by 1500 years ago.
2) An Agricultural Revolution began after the last Ice Age, where humans settled and began growing plants and domesticating animals, developing small settlements.
3) The first civilizations emerged around 3500-3000 BC in Sumer, Egypt, China, and Peru, marked by developments like writing, trade, pyramids, and organized governments.
Top 10 civilization of the world
The document provides a summary of the top 10 civilizations of the world. It describes each civilization's name, time period, original and current locations, and major highlights. The civilizations summarized are the Incan, Aztec, Roman, Persian, Ancient Greek, Chinese, Mayan, Ancient Egyptian, Indus Valley, and Mesopotamian civilizations. For each civilization there are 2-4 bullet points describing key aspects of the civilization such as important rulers, locations of power, cultural achievements, and factors in their decline.
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This document provides an overview of the origins and early civilizations of the West. It discusses the emergence of anatomically modern humans around 100,000 years ago and the agricultural revolution beginning around 10,000 BC. The first civilizations emerged between 3500-3000 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt, which likely contained the first cities. Writing developed independently in these two regions between 3500-3100 BC. Sumerian city-states flourished in Mesopotamia in the 3rd millennium BC before being united by Sargon. Hammurabi later established one of the earliest legal codes. Egyptian civilization was based around the Nile River and invented the concept of deifying kings. Major early civilizations
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The document summarizes various aspects of ancient Roman civilization including its geography, military history, trade, growth of cities, religions, legal system, government, economy, and social structures. Key developments discussed include the Punic Wars between Rome and Carthage, the use of roads and sea trade routes to link the empire, the population growth of Roman cities to 8,000 by 600 BCE, the establishment of a republican form of government in 509 BCE, and the importance of aqueducts in supplying water and enabling further expansion.
Agricultural Era
The document discusses the agricultural era, which began around 10,000 years ago in the Middle East. During this era, nomadic hunter-gatherers settled into early villages and began cultivating crops and domesticating animals. Key aspects of the agricultural era included six pillars: soil, water, climate, seeds, tools, and peasants. Sources of wealth came from labor, land, knowledge, and capital like money and machines. The agricultural era lasted around 11,000 years until the 18th century, when the Industrial Revolution began in Britain and the era transitioned to an industrial era focused on machinery and technology rather than farming.
Anceint egypt
Ancient Egypt existed from 2800 BCE to the beginning of the common era along the Nile River. It had a complex social hierarchy led by the Pharaoh, who was viewed as a god, and included nobles, priests, craftsmen, farmers, and slaves. They developed an organized trading system using weights instead of money and traded agricultural goods. The Egyptian army was well-trained with battle tactics involving arrows, foot soldiers, and cavalry. Egyptian culture left many legacies, including inventions like papyrus paper, hieroglyphic writing, and agricultural techniques that utilized the Nile River.
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Ancient civilizations first developed along major rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia over 5,500 years ago. They invented writing to help manage production, land, and taxes. Major early civilizations included Mesopotamia, where the Code of Hammurabi established a set of laws, and cities first appeared with structures like ziggurats. Greek civilization began around 3,000 years ago and was centered around prosperous city-states like Athens and Sparta. The Greeks were interested in philosophy, science and art, and invented democracy as a new form of government. The Roman Empire expanded from the city of Rome and dominated the Mediterranean world for centuries, building cities, monuments
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Ancient Egypt existed from 2800 BCE to the beginning of the common era along the Nile River. It had a stratified society led by pharaohs, with nobles, priests, craftsmen, farmers, and slaves. Though they lacked money, Egyptians developed an effective trading system using weights to exchange goods. Egypt also possessed a powerful military that utilized trained foot soldiers and chariot forces. Many Egyptian innovations, such as irrigation tools, paper, and a writing system, have had lasting impacts and originated from the Nile River's importance to their civilization.
Mid term, slide show.docx
1) The document summarizes information about early human hunter-gatherers in the Paleolithic era, the last remaining hunter-gatherer group called the Hazda, the origins and spread of maize, and the first civilization in the Americas called the Olmec.
2) It then discusses the ancient Persian Empire and its achievements, the transition of Rome from a republic to an empire, the religion of Zoroastrianism in Persia, and concludes with a brief overview of the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.
3) The main topics covered include hunter-gatherer societies, the history and spread of maize, the Olmec and Persian civilizations, the Roman republic and empire, Z
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Four to five thousand years after the Neolithic Revolution, the first civilizations arose in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. Mesopotamian civilization began in city-states like Ur and Uruk in southern Mesopotamia. Sumerian culture featured centralized rule by priest-kings and a social hierarchy topped by kings and priests. Egypt developed a highly centralized society ruled by divine pharaohs. The Indus Valley civilization spanned over 900 miles along the Indus River and featured planned cities built on grids with advanced sanitation systems. All three civilizations exhibited early advances in areas like writing, mathematics, metalworking, and social organization.
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1. Ancient Egypt's civilization arose around 3200 BCE when King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt.
2. The Egyptians developed a stratified society led by pharaohs, who were viewed as human gods, followed by priests, nobles, peasants, and slaves.
3. Egypt's economy and agriculture were centered around the annual flooding of the Nile River, which deposited fertile soil and allowed for irrigation to grow crops like barley, emmer wheat, and vegetables.
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The document provides an overview of several ancient civilizations including Chinese, Indus Valley, Egyptian, Sumerian, Greek, Roman, Viking, and Mayan civilizations. It discusses the key characteristics of civilization in general and then provides details about the location, time period, important features, and trades of each civilization. A timeline is also included to show the eras of the different civilizations.
Ancient Civilizations
This power point is an introductory lesson to Ancient Civilizations. I used micro soft power point to create my slide-show. It was easy to do and fun to create different animations. I had trouble uploading some images because I tried to make them larger. That is the only problem i experienced other than not being able to upload to google doc.
Ancient egypt notes
6-1.3: Compare the river valley civilizations of the Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia), the Nile (Egypt), the Indus (India), and the Huang He (China), including the evolution of written language, government, trade systems, architecture, and forms of social order.
Cradle of civilization
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Fertile Crescent. The rivers' seasonal flooding deposited silt that nourished agriculture, allowing civilization to develop. The Sumerians built the first Mesopotamian cities like Ur and Uruk by 3000 BC and invented cuneiform writing and the wheel. Their theocratic city-states were later conquered by the Akkadians and Hammurabi's Babylonian Empire. Key developments included Hammurabi's Code of Laws and the Epic of Gilgamesh.
The Aztecs
The Aztecs lived in the Valley of Mexico, a high plateau with fertile soil from volcanoes. They were skilled engineers and architects, building cities on islands in lakes connected by causeways and aqueducts. The Aztec empire grew through warfare to control Mesoamerica by 1500. Their absolute monarchy was advised by councils but the king had ultimate power and collected tribute. The Aztecs were very religious and sacrificed people to please the gods. Society consisted of nobles and commoners who farmed or worked as artisans. The Aztecs excelled at engineering, arts, jewelry, and oratory despite having no strong written language.
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Rome was built on 7 hills along the Tiber River, which provided water and transportation. During its peak, Rome controlled the Mediterranean region through military expansion and the Latin language, which facilitated trade and communication. Some key achievements that contributed to Rome's power included advanced aqueducts that provided water, and the republican form of government. However, political corruption and unfair treatment of citizens contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire.
The first nations
This document summarizes the origins and cultures of various indigenous peoples of the Americas, including their locations, subsistence patterns, and some key cultural aspects. It discusses groups such as the Inuit in the Arctic, Pacific Northwestern peoples in coastal areas, Mound Builders in eastern North America, Iroquois and Plains peoples, Anasazi in the Southwest, Mayans and Aztecs in Mesoamerica, and Incas in the Andes Mountains of South America. For each group, it provides brief details about their environments, ways of life, and some notable cultural achievements.
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The document provides information about early Mesoamerican civilizations including the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec societies. It describes key aspects of these civilizations like their locations, time periods, social hierarchies, religious practices including human sacrifice, advanced achievements in mathematics, calendars and architecture, and theories for factors in their declines.
Egypt depth study key points revision
Ancient Egyptian civilization developed along the fertile Nile River valley from around 3100 BCE to 1200 BCE. The Pharaoh owned all the land and farmers had to pay taxes to him in the form of a portion of the food they grew. Farming depended on the predictable annual flooding of the Nile. There were three seasons: flooding, sowing, and harvest. Egyptians developed irrigation systems and tools like the shaduf to water their crops. Settlements grew into cities as people discovered the resources of the Nile valley. The river valley was protected and provided water for survival, allowing the development of Egyptian civilization and a division of labor between farmers and specialists.
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Egyptiancivilization 150924225843-lva1-app6891 (1)
Ancient Egypt was a highly advanced civilization that developed along the Nile River valley starting around 3150 BC. It achieved success through organized agriculture, irrigation, dense populations, and social/cultural development. The pharaoh was the absolute ruler, relying on bureaucrats and officials to manage administration, temples, the military, trade, and more. Ancient Egyptians made many achievements in construction, mathematics, medicine, ships, and more. Their culture placed importance on religion, the afterlife, hygiene, art, music, and the centralized economy. This advanced civilization along the Nile lasted for thousands of years, influencing many other societies.
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Powerpoint Midterm Hist 4
1. Early humans emerged in Africa around 150,000 years ago and lived as hunter-gatherers using simple stone tools.
2. Around 10,000 BCE, early human societies domesticated plants and animals, leading to the Agricultural Revolution. This allowed for larger, more settled populations and the emergence of early civilizations between 3500-3000 BCE such as ancient Egypt.
3. Early civilizations developed social hierarchies with elites such as kings and officials living lavishly while common people and slaves engaged in manual labor and agriculture.
Ancient greece history of civilization
Ancient Greece began around 3000 BC with the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete, led by King Minos. Around 1100 BC, Greece entered a dark age after the fall of the Mycenean civilization. Greek civilization emerged again in the 800s BC as the Greeks explored by sea and established colonies. Ancient Greece consisted of independent city-states like Athens and Sparta that sometimes fought each other but also united against threats like the Persian Empire. Greek civilization made influential contributions to Western culture, including the development of democracy, Olympic games, and advances in science, art, and philosophy.
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The document discusses the development of early human civilizations in the Ancient Near East. It notes:
- Jericho (c. 8000 BCE) and Çatal Hüyük (c. 6700-5700 BCE) were among the earliest Neolithic settlements, practicing agriculture.
- The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flooded regularly, depositing rich soil and requiring irrigation systems. Uruk emerged as one of the earliest cities.
- The Sumerians arrived c. 4000 BCE and established independent city-states like Ur and Uruk. They were later conquered by the Akkadians and Amorites.
- The Hittites also established an empire in
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Ancient civilizations first developed along major rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia over 5,500 years ago. They invented writing to help manage production, land, and taxes. Major early civilizations included Mesopotamia, where the Code of Hammurabi established a set of laws, and cities first appeared with structures like ziggurats. Greek civilization began around 3,000 years ago and was centered around prosperous city-states like Athens and Sparta. The Greeks were interested in philosophy, science and art, and invented democracy as a new form of government. The Roman Empire expanded from the city of Rome and dominated the Mediterranean world for centuries, building cities, monuments
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Ancient Egypt existed from 2800 BCE to the beginning of the common era along the Nile River. It had a stratified society led by pharaohs, with nobles, priests, craftsmen, farmers, and slaves. Though they lacked money, Egyptians developed an effective trading system using weights to exchange goods. Egypt also possessed a powerful military that utilized trained foot soldiers and chariot forces. Many Egyptian innovations, such as irrigation tools, paper, and a writing system, have had lasting impacts and originated from the Nile River's importance to their civilization.
Mid term, slide show.docx
1) The document summarizes information about early human hunter-gatherers in the Paleolithic era, the last remaining hunter-gatherer group called the Hazda, the origins and spread of maize, and the first civilization in the Americas called the Olmec.
2) It then discusses the ancient Persian Empire and its achievements, the transition of Rome from a republic to an empire, the religion of Zoroastrianism in Persia, and concludes with a brief overview of the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth.
3) The main topics covered include hunter-gatherer societies, the history and spread of maize, the Olmec and Persian civilizations, the Roman republic and empire, Z
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Four to five thousand years after the Neolithic Revolution, the first civilizations arose in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley. Mesopotamian civilization began in city-states like Ur and Uruk in southern Mesopotamia. Sumerian culture featured centralized rule by priest-kings and a social hierarchy topped by kings and priests. Egypt developed a highly centralized society ruled by divine pharaohs. The Indus Valley civilization spanned over 900 miles along the Indus River and featured planned cities built on grids with advanced sanitation systems. All three civilizations exhibited early advances in areas like writing, mathematics, metalworking, and social organization.
Egyptian civilisation
1. Ancient Egypt's civilization arose around 3200 BCE when King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt.
2. The Egyptians developed a stratified society led by pharaohs, who were viewed as human gods, followed by priests, nobles, peasants, and slaves.
3. Egypt's economy and agriculture were centered around the annual flooding of the Nile River, which deposited fertile soil and allowed for irrigation to grow crops like barley, emmer wheat, and vegetables.
Ancient civilization
The document provides an overview of several ancient civilizations including Chinese, Indus Valley, Egyptian, Sumerian, Greek, Roman, Viking, and Mayan civilizations. It discusses the key characteristics of civilization in general and then provides details about the location, time period, important features, and trades of each civilization. A timeline is also included to show the eras of the different civilizations.
Ancient Civilizations
This power point is an introductory lesson to Ancient Civilizations. I used micro soft power point to create my slide-show. It was easy to do and fun to create different animations. I had trouble uploading some images because I tried to make them larger. That is the only problem i experienced other than not being able to upload to google doc.
Ancient egypt notes
6-1.3: Compare the river valley civilizations of the Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia), the Nile (Egypt), the Indus (India), and the Huang He (China), including the evolution of written language, government, trade systems, architecture, and forms of social order.
Cradle of civilization
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Fertile Crescent. The rivers' seasonal flooding deposited silt that nourished agriculture, allowing civilization to develop. The Sumerians built the first Mesopotamian cities like Ur and Uruk by 3000 BC and invented cuneiform writing and the wheel. Their theocratic city-states were later conquered by the Akkadians and Hammurabi's Babylonian Empire. Key developments included Hammurabi's Code of Laws and the Epic of Gilgamesh.
The Aztecs
The Aztecs lived in the Valley of Mexico, a high plateau with fertile soil from volcanoes. They were skilled engineers and architects, building cities on islands in lakes connected by causeways and aqueducts. The Aztec empire grew through warfare to control Mesoamerica by 1500. Their absolute monarchy was advised by councils but the king had ultimate power and collected tribute. The Aztecs were very religious and sacrificed people to please the gods. Society consisted of nobles and commoners who farmed or worked as artisans. The Aztecs excelled at engineering, arts, jewelry, and oratory despite having no strong written language.
611
Rome was built on 7 hills along the Tiber River, which provided water and transportation. During its peak, Rome controlled the Mediterranean region through military expansion and the Latin language, which facilitated trade and communication. Some key achievements that contributed to Rome's power included advanced aqueducts that provided water, and the republican form of government. However, political corruption and unfair treatment of citizens contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire.
The first nations
This document summarizes the origins and cultures of various indigenous peoples of the Americas, including their locations, subsistence patterns, and some key cultural aspects. It discusses groups such as the Inuit in the Arctic, Pacific Northwestern peoples in coastal areas, Mound Builders in eastern North America, Iroquois and Plains peoples, Anasazi in the Southwest, Mayans and Aztecs in Mesoamerica, and Incas in the Andes Mountains of South America. For each group, it provides brief details about their environments, ways of life, and some notable cultural achievements.
Ancient Civilizations
The document provides information about early Mesoamerican civilizations including the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya, and Aztec societies. It describes key aspects of these civilizations like their locations, time periods, social hierarchies, religious practices including human sacrifice, advanced achievements in mathematics, calendars and architecture, and theories for factors in their declines.
Egypt depth study key points revision
Ancient Egyptian civilization developed along the fertile Nile River valley from around 3100 BCE to 1200 BCE. The Pharaoh owned all the land and farmers had to pay taxes to him in the form of a portion of the food they grew. Farming depended on the predictable annual flooding of the Nile. There were three seasons: flooding, sowing, and harvest. Egyptians developed irrigation systems and tools like the shaduf to water their crops. Settlements grew into cities as people discovered the resources of the Nile valley. The river valley was protected and provided water for survival, allowing the development of Egyptian civilization and a division of labor between farmers and specialists.
Chapter 3– lesson 3
The Minoans, a powerful civilization based on the island of Crete, dominated the Aegean Sea from 2000 to 1400 BC and influenced Greek culture. Excavations revealed the Minoans had a nature-loving, athletic culture where women played a major religious role and animals and people were sacrificed to gods. Though earthquakes in 1700 BC and a major eruption in 1470 BC damaged the Minoans, they rebuilt until invaders from Greece conquered them after the disasters. The Minoans were also skilled traders, shipbuilders, and sailors who established colonies abroad and developed a system of writing that became the alphabet.
Egyptiancivilization 150924225843-lva1-app6891 (1)
Ancient Egypt was a highly advanced civilization that developed along the Nile River valley starting around 3150 BC. It achieved success through organized agriculture, irrigation, dense populations, and social/cultural development. The pharaoh was the absolute ruler, relying on bureaucrats and officials to manage administration, temples, the military, trade, and more. Ancient Egyptians made many achievements in construction, mathematics, medicine, ships, and more. Their culture placed importance on religion, the afterlife, hygiene, art, music, and the centralized economy. This advanced civilization along the Nile lasted for thousands of years, influencing many other societies.
Population trade
The document summarizes key developments between 1200 BCE and 500 CE. Population in Afroeurasia rose significantly due to improved farming techniques, the domestication of work animals, and denser living conditions. This population growth led to more complex societies, increased collective learning, and more people living in large cities. Expanding networks of exchange also developed as trade routes increased interaction and spread of ideas, goods, and diseases across wide areas of Afroeurasia and the Americas.
The Height of Medieval Civilization
The Height of Medieval Civilization
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The document provides an overview of early civilizations that arose near major river valleys. It discusses the Neolithic Revolution and the rise of cities along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia, along the Nile River in Egypt, along the Indus River in the Indus River Valley, and along the Huang He River in China. It also briefly covers the ancient Hebrew civilization. The early civilizations engaged in irrigation, developed systems of writing, and made scientific and cultural advances.
Powerpoint Midterm Hist 4
1. Early humans emerged in Africa around 150,000 years ago and lived as hunter-gatherers using simple stone tools.
2. Around 10,000 BCE, early human societies domesticated plants and animals, leading to the Agricultural Revolution. This allowed for larger, more settled populations and the emergence of early civilizations between 3500-3000 BCE such as ancient Egypt.
3. Early civilizations developed social hierarchies with elites such as kings and officials living lavishly while common people and slaves engaged in manual labor and agriculture.
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Ancient Greece began around 3000 BC with the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete, led by King Minos. Around 1100 BC, Greece entered a dark age after the fall of the Mycenean civilization. Greek civilization emerged again in the 800s BC as the Greeks explored by sea and established colonies. Ancient Greece consisted of independent city-states like Athens and Sparta that sometimes fought each other but also united against threats like the Persian Empire. Greek civilization made influential contributions to Western culture, including the development of democracy, Olympic games, and advances in science, art, and philosophy.
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The document discusses the development of early human civilizations in the Ancient Near East. It notes:
- Jericho (c. 8000 BCE) and Çatal Hüyük (c. 6700-5700 BCE) were among the earliest Neolithic settlements, practicing agriculture.
- The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers flooded regularly, depositing rich soil and requiring irrigation systems. Uruk emerged as one of the earliest cities.
- The Sumerians arrived c. 4000 BCE and established independent city-states like Ur and Uruk. They were later conquered by the Akkadians and Amorites.
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The document discusses the evolution of human culture and technology over time. It describes several key periods in human prehistory and history, including the Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age), Neolithic Revolution, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and the rise of democracy in Athens. During these periods, humans developed new tools and technologies like language, agriculture, metallurgy, cities, and forms of government. Overall, the document traces the major developments that have occurred in human material culture, social organization, and ways of life from early hominins to modern civilization.
World History
The document discusses the origins and early history of human civilization. It describes how humans evolved from primates in Africa, including species like Australopithecus that began walking upright. The first humans, Homo habilis and Homo ergaster, used tools. Agriculture and cities first developed in Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, marking the rise of civilization. Early civilizations also arose in ancient Egypt along the Nile River and in the Indus River valley. Writing was invented separately in Mesopotamia and Egypt, influencing later alphabets.
CIVILIZATIONS OF THE WORLD
The document discusses the 10 oldest civilizations in the world. It begins by defining civilization as an advanced stage of social development and organization reached by a society. It then lists the civilizations chronologically from oldest to most recent. The three oldest are the Mesopotamian civilization, Indus Valley civilization, and Ancient Egyptian civilization. It provides brief descriptions of each civilization's origins, locations, and some key aspects of their cultures and achievements.
Egyptian Civilization
Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River valley from around 3150 BC. It was highly stratified, with the pharaoh as absolute ruler and farmers comprising most of the population. The geography of the Nile valley supported the growth of agriculture and trade, which the Egyptians used to build large cities and construct monumental architecture and temples. Egyptian culture had a lasting influence in the areas of art, architecture, religion, and language.
Prehistory and the Earliest Civilizations
During prehistory, humans lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers with basic tools and language. The Agricultural Revolution between 10,000-7,000 BC led people to farm and domesticate animals, allowing permanent settlements to form. These early farming villages grew into cities and eventually empires as populations increased and cities conquered each other. Two early civilizations were Sumer and Egypt, which both developed near rivers for irrigation around 3,200 BC. They established some of the first systems of writing, wheeled vehicles, law, architecture, calendars, and trade networks.
Introduction to Ancient Civilizations
The earliest humans evolved in East Africa around 2 million years ago. They began using stone tools and lived as hunter-gatherers, hunting animals and gathering plants for food. Around 30,000 BCE, early humans created cave paintings showing the animals they hunted. By 9000 BCE, during the Neolithic agricultural revolution, humans in some areas learned to farm crops and domesticate animals, leading to permanent settlements and the growth of early civilizations along major rivers like the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus, and Yellow Rivers.
C:\Fakepath\Ways Of The World Ellynore
Human beings emerged in Africa around 250,000 years ago and began migrating out of Africa around 100,000 years ago, populating the world. Paleolithic societies consisted of small bands of 25-30 hunter-gatherers who were nomadic. Around 12,000 years ago, agriculture began to emerge, allowing people to produce surplus food and live in larger, more permanent settlements. Early civilizations developed around 3500-3000 BC in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Peru, featuring city life, class divisions, and early forms of government. While sharing common features, Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations also had important differences in their development.
Civilization of smaller states
The document provides information on various small civilizations that contributed to history, including the Phoenicians, Hebrews, and Ancient Egyptians. It can be summarized as follows:
1) The Phoenicians were traders based in present-day Lebanon who established colonies across the Mediterranean and introduced Mesopotamian culture through trade and colonization.
2) The Hebrews migrated to the Jordan River valley and their monotheistic religion of Judaism influenced Christianity and Islam. They established the kingdom of Israel in Palestine under kings David and Solomon.
3) Ancient Egypt was defined by the Nile River and had a complex government and social hierarchy led by powerful pharaohs. Major periods included the
1.4 Developments in the Americas.pptx
The first peoples arrived in North America between 26,000-19,000 years ago during the last Ice Age when lower sea levels exposed a land bridge between Asia and North America. As the climate warmed, sea levels rose and the land bridge was flooded, separating the populations. Various groups such as the Inuit and Mississippian cultures developed across North America, building settlements and growing crops. However, diseases brought by Europeans devastated Native American populations from the 1500s onward, contributing to the decline of groups like the Mississippian civilization. Meanwhile, the Iroquois developed a matrilineal society with a democratic confederacy that may have influenced the US system of government.
Big history
Big History takes a broad, interdisciplinary approach to history by examining common themes across large time scales from the Big Bang to the present. It aims to connect human history to broader patterns in areas like astronomy, biology, and geology. The approach helps place human events in a greater cosmic context and show how civilizations have been shaped by major catastrophes like volcanic eruptions and climate change. Migration patterns have also played a key role in history, as genetic evidence shows that all modern humans descended from groups that left Africa around 50,000 years ago and spread throughout the world.
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Midterm
- 1. Ways of the World:A Brief Global History By Tiffany Epley
- 2. Paleolithic Era Migration 100,000 years ago we started the migration from Africa out until 1500 years ago when Homo Sapiens settled on the Pacific Islands bringing animals and plants with them in canoes.
- 3. Agriculture After the ice age ended 16,000 years ago we settled, grew plants, and raised animals. Men and women were equal and performed most of the same tasks. We grew in numbers flourishing from agriculture and developed tools, and started to develop small settlements.
- 4. The First Cities Sumerians’ was the first written language Egyptians ha d pharos and pyramids Note Chico exchanged fishing for goods.
- 5. The Roman Empire developed roads, bridges. The Chinese Empire developed the crossbow, gunpowder, and weaponry. New Guinea refined sugar.
- 7. Despite the Persian size the Greeks won on land and sea .
- 9. Roman Empire Persecution of Christians Begins as a small city-state Rome citizenship to everyone Greek culture and education