Microscopes
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The document discusses different types of microscopes used in biology and medicine, including microscopes invented by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Robert Hooke that used simple lenses to magnify objects, as well as compound microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes, which use electrons rather than light and allow observation of cell structures at much higher magnifications. Key images show early microscope designs as well as examples of cells and structures observed using different microscope technologies.
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Microscopes
Microscopes allow scientists to see small objects that are too small for the naked eye. There are several key developments in microscope history:
1) The first microscopes in the 2nd century BC used water to magnify objects.
2) Compound microscopes with multiple lenses were developed in the late 16th century, allowing greater magnification.
3) In the 17th century, microscopes became more advanced, with Hooke documenting observations and Leeuwenhoek achieving even higher magnification.
4) Modern microscopes have objective lenses of different powers, eyepieces, stages to hold slides, and other components to provide bright, clear views of microscopic subjects.
Unit 5 scientific theory - P1, M1 and D1
A scientific theory is an explanation for an observation that is supported by evidence obtained through experimentation and testing. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating a hypothesis, conducting experiments to test the hypothesis, and establishing a theory if results are repeatedly confirmed. A key example is the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, and they contain DNA. While scientific theories are well-supported, science is an ongoing process, and new evidence can lead to revisions or replacement of existing theories.
Cell lab
This is a PowerPoint that I show to my biology classes before I have them do their first biology lab on plant and animal cells
Microscopy and its significance
its about the microscopes types and there significance in the world for diagnostic purposes .advantages and disadvantages of the types of different microscopes
Unit 3 - 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
The microscope enabled the discovery that all living things are made of cells. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a simple microscope to observe box-shaped structures in cork that he called "cells". In the late 1600s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used an improved microscope to observe living organisms in pond water and milk. Over subsequent decades, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed observations that led to the accepted Cell Theory - that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure, and cells come from pre-existing cells. More advanced microscopes like electron microscopes have since allowed scientists to study cells in even greater detail.
A. The development of the has allowed us to study cells and their pro.pdf
A. The development of the has allowed us to study cells and their processes 1. T a. Resolution is
the ability ofamicroscope to show two objects as separate Magnification is how much larger an
object appears compared to its actual size a Light microscopes are the kind we use in lab. They
function by having visible light pass through an object, and then glass lenses enlarge the object.
b. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons. They have better resolving and magnification
capabilities that allow us to see organelles and their parts. 3. Cell Theory states that all living
things & come from other cells. This theory developed as a result of contributions of 5 people
van Leeuwenhoek- 1 microscope in the 17 century b. Robert Hooke was the first person to use
the term cell to describe the basic structure of living organisms. When observing cork he noticed
that it was full of small room like structures. These structures resembled the cells that monks
lived in thus he coined the term cell in relationship Schleiden-plants are composed ofcells to
living organisms. d Schwann-animals are composed of cells e. Virchow-cells don\'t just appear
they come from preexisting cells. B. Two major classes of cells. which is coiled in region where
the nuc leus would be if the cell had a nucleus. This group includes the archaea and bacteria have
a true nucleus which is bordered by a double membrane called the nuclear enve lop. This group
includes the protists, fungi, plants, and animals collectively known as the Eukarya.
Characteristics of eukaryot ic cells A. Cytoplasm is the space in a cell between the It contains
organelles within a fluid called B. Membrane Structure and Function 1. The serves as the border
of the cell. Its unique structure allows it to regulate what enters and exits a cell, for this reason it
is oft called the gate keeper 2. Membrane Structure pecialized lipids known as make up most of
the membrane. These structures have a or water loving head that is made of a phosphate group
and two x I N
Solution
1. Developmet of microscope enabled the study of cells. Microscopes are two types light or
compound microscope and electronic microscope.
2. In a compound light microscope the high power objective lens comes close to the specimen to
magnify the image. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depends on the electron beam of
short wavelength to illuminate the internal structures of microorganisms. The electron beam
penetrates into the specimen and magnifies 1nm object up to 500,000X. In scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) the specimen is coated with a thin layer of heavy metal like gold or
palladium. The narrow beam of electrons probe back and forth of the metal coated specimen.
The secondary electrons that are scattered back give the image of the specimen which is
displayed on the screen.
3. According to cell theory living things are composed of one or more cells. Anton von
Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) is considered as “Father of Microbiology”. He was the f.
general microbiology
This document discusses scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the principles behind how it works. It provides details on:
- How an SEM uses an electron beam to scan sample surfaces and signals emitted are used to construct images.
- The interaction volume where primary electrons interact with the sample and the different types of signals (secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, X-rays) that can be detected from this volume.
- How the signals are amplified and synchronized with the beam position to create high-resolution digital images of the sample's surface structure and composition.
The Cells.pptx
The document summarizes the history and key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It describes how early microscope inventors like Hans and Zacharias Janssen and Robert Hooke first observed cells in cork and tissues. Later scientists like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolph Virchow used improved microscopes to observe that plants and animals are made of cells, leading to the cell theory which states that cells are the fundamental unit of life.
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Microscopes
Microscopes allow scientists to see small objects that are too small for the naked eye. There are several key developments in microscope history:
1) The first microscopes in the 2nd century BC used water to magnify objects.
2) Compound microscopes with multiple lenses were developed in the late 16th century, allowing greater magnification.
3) In the 17th century, microscopes became more advanced, with Hooke documenting observations and Leeuwenhoek achieving even higher magnification.
4) Modern microscopes have objective lenses of different powers, eyepieces, stages to hold slides, and other components to provide bright, clear views of microscopic subjects.
Unit 5 scientific theory - P1, M1 and D1
A scientific theory is an explanation for an observation that is supported by evidence obtained through experimentation and testing. The scientific method involves making observations, formulating a hypothesis, conducting experiments to test the hypothesis, and establishing a theory if results are repeatedly confirmed. A key example is the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells come from preexisting cells, and they contain DNA. While scientific theories are well-supported, science is an ongoing process, and new evidence can lead to revisions or replacement of existing theories.
Cell lab
This is a PowerPoint that I show to my biology classes before I have them do their first biology lab on plant and animal cells
Microscopy and its significance
its about the microscopes types and there significance in the world for diagnostic purposes .advantages and disadvantages of the types of different microscopes
Unit 3 - 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
The microscope enabled the discovery that all living things are made of cells. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a simple microscope to observe box-shaped structures in cork that he called "cells". In the late 1600s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used an improved microscope to observe living organisms in pond water and milk. Over subsequent decades, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed observations that led to the accepted Cell Theory - that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure, and cells come from pre-existing cells. More advanced microscopes like electron microscopes have since allowed scientists to study cells in even greater detail.
A. The development of the has allowed us to study cells and their pro.pdf
A. The development of the has allowed us to study cells and their processes 1. T a. Resolution is
the ability ofamicroscope to show two objects as separate Magnification is how much larger an
object appears compared to its actual size a Light microscopes are the kind we use in lab. They
function by having visible light pass through an object, and then glass lenses enlarge the object.
b. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons. They have better resolving and magnification
capabilities that allow us to see organelles and their parts. 3. Cell Theory states that all living
things & come from other cells. This theory developed as a result of contributions of 5 people
van Leeuwenhoek- 1 microscope in the 17 century b. Robert Hooke was the first person to use
the term cell to describe the basic structure of living organisms. When observing cork he noticed
that it was full of small room like structures. These structures resembled the cells that monks
lived in thus he coined the term cell in relationship Schleiden-plants are composed ofcells to
living organisms. d Schwann-animals are composed of cells e. Virchow-cells don\'t just appear
they come from preexisting cells. B. Two major classes of cells. which is coiled in region where
the nuc leus would be if the cell had a nucleus. This group includes the archaea and bacteria have
a true nucleus which is bordered by a double membrane called the nuclear enve lop. This group
includes the protists, fungi, plants, and animals collectively known as the Eukarya.
Characteristics of eukaryot ic cells A. Cytoplasm is the space in a cell between the It contains
organelles within a fluid called B. Membrane Structure and Function 1. The serves as the border
of the cell. Its unique structure allows it to regulate what enters and exits a cell, for this reason it
is oft called the gate keeper 2. Membrane Structure pecialized lipids known as make up most of
the membrane. These structures have a or water loving head that is made of a phosphate group
and two x I N
Solution
1. Developmet of microscope enabled the study of cells. Microscopes are two types light or
compound microscope and electronic microscope.
2. In a compound light microscope the high power objective lens comes close to the specimen to
magnify the image. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depends on the electron beam of
short wavelength to illuminate the internal structures of microorganisms. The electron beam
penetrates into the specimen and magnifies 1nm object up to 500,000X. In scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) the specimen is coated with a thin layer of heavy metal like gold or
palladium. The narrow beam of electrons probe back and forth of the metal coated specimen.
The secondary electrons that are scattered back give the image of the specimen which is
displayed on the screen.
3. According to cell theory living things are composed of one or more cells. Anton von
Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) is considered as “Father of Microbiology”. He was the f.
general microbiology
This document discusses scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the principles behind how it works. It provides details on:
- How an SEM uses an electron beam to scan sample surfaces and signals emitted are used to construct images.
- The interaction volume where primary electrons interact with the sample and the different types of signals (secondary electrons, backscattered electrons, X-rays) that can be detected from this volume.
- How the signals are amplified and synchronized with the beam position to create high-resolution digital images of the sample's surface structure and composition.
The Cells.pptx
The document summarizes the history and key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It describes how early microscope inventors like Hans and Zacharias Janssen and Robert Hooke first observed cells in cork and tissues. Later scientists like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolph Virchow used improved microscopes to observe that plants and animals are made of cells, leading to the cell theory which states that cells are the fundamental unit of life.
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The document summarizes the history and key discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory. It describes the work of early scientists like Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, and Schwann who observed and studied basic cell structure using early microscopes. This led to the cell theory developed in the 1830s by Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow which stated that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and all cells come from preexisting cells. The document also describes the distinguishing features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and provides examples of key animal and plant cell organelles and their functions.
Microscopes and cells
Microscopes allow observation of cells that were previously too small to see. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to discover that living matter is made of individual cells. Galileo made improvements to the simple microscope in 1660, allowing Malpighi to provide evidence that blood flows from arteries to veins through capillaries. The light microscope had limits, unable to see structures smaller than 0.0005 mm until electron microscopes were developed. Scanning electron microscopes show 3D surface images, and scanning tunneling electron microscopes developed in 1981 can view molecules and atoms, complementing computer modeling in molecular biology research.
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This document discusses the basics of light microscopy. It begins with a brief history, noting that the first compound microscope was created in 1590, while Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered microorganisms and sperm cells using a simple microscope in the 1630s. The basic components of light microscopes are described, including the objective lenses, eyepieces, stage, and condenser. Brightfield microscopy is explained in more detail, noting that it uses transmitted white light and staining to increase contrast. Applications include viewing stained bacteria, tissue sections, and algae. While brightfield microscopy is simple to use, its disadvantages include low contrast and an inability to see transparent, unstained samples clearly.
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- Robert Hooke in 1665 first observed cells when examining cork under a microscope and coined the term "cell" to describe the small compartments he saw. However, he did not provide further insights into cell structure.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek later developed more advanced microscopes and was the first to observe single-celled organisms like bacteria and yeast.
- In the 1830s-1850s, scientists including Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow developed the Cell Theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all organisms.
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This document provides an overview of cell biology methods and techniques. It discusses the history of cell discovery using microscopes from Hooke to Leeuwenhoek. It then summarizes various microscopy methods like brightfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy. Methods of subcellular fractionation like differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation are also outlined. The document briefly discusses cell culture techniques and growth factors as well as the use of viruses to study cell functions.
Chapter 7 1
The document summarizes the history and development of the cell theory from early microscope observations of cells in the 1600s to the modern principles of the cell theory established in the 1800s. It describes the key scientists who contributed to cell discoveries and theory, including Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and organization, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also provides a brief overview of microscope technology and the basic differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
celltheory-090417140833-phpapp02.pdf
The document discusses the cell theory, which has three main parts: 1) the cell is the basic unit of life, 2) all living things are made of cells, and 3) cells come from pre-existing cells. Many scientists contributed to the development of the cell theory, including Anton van Leeuwenhoek who invented the first microscope and observed bacteria and protists, Robert Hooke who observed "cells" in cork, and Theodor Schwann and Matthais Schleiden who stated that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively. Rudolph Virchow further discovered that all cells come from pre-existing cells, cementing the cell theory.
principleandapplicationsofbright-fieldmicroscopy-200512174600 (1).pptx
This document provides an overview of light microscopy and the brightfield microscope. It begins with the history and basic components of microscopes. It then describes the key features of light microscopy and different types including brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, and differential interference contrast microscopy. The document focuses on brightfield microscopy, explaining that it uses transmitted white light and lenses to produce magnified images of stained specimens against a bright background. It discusses the principles, advantages, disadvantages and applications of brightfield microscopy. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the crucial role of microscopy in fields like cell biology and medical sciences.
optical microscope
The document summarizes different types of microscopes used to observe cells. It describes how Robert Hooke first observed cork cells in 1632 using a rudimentary microscope. Electron microscopes provide higher resolution than optical microscopes and can observe cell structures at smaller nanometer scales. Transmission electron microscopes transmit electrons through thin specimens, while scanning electron microscopes scan electron beams across surfaces to generate 3D images of cells and structures.
Cell Theory
The document discusses cell theory, which has three main tenets: 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells, 2) The cell is the basic unit of life, and 3) All cells come from preexisting cells. It describes the early discoveries of cells by Hooke, van Leuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann that led to the development of cell theory. It also briefly explains different types of microscopes used to study cells, such as compound, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes.
History of microscope for the study of cell
Microscopes are instruments that allow observation of very small objects that are invisible to the naked eye. There are several types of microscopes including compound, confocal, stereoscopic, TEM, and SEM microscopes. The compound microscope uses glass lenses and visible light to produce a magnified 2D image while electron microscopes like the TEM use electron beams to view specimens with higher magnification and resolution. The history of microscopes began in the 13th century with simple magnifying lenses and progressed to developments like the achromatic lens and electron microscope. Cells are the basic units of life that contain organelles like the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria and are bounded by a cell membrane, which microscopes allow detailed examination of.
Cell Theory
1. The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope and was the first to observe bacteria and protists. Matthais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to the cell theory by stating that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively.
3. Rudolph Virchow completed the cell theory by discovering that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
Cellular Basis Of Life
The document discusses the discovery of cells and the development of cell theory. It explores key figures like Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Brown, Schleiden, and Schwann and their contributions to early microscopy and the understanding that cells are the basic unit of life. It also summarizes different types of microscopes used to study cells, including optical, stereo, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopes. Specimen preparation techniques for microscopy are outlined. Finally, it addresses why cells are small through the relationship between surface area and volume.
Cell History
The document summarizes the history and key discoveries related to cells, including:
1) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining a cork sample under his homemade microscope and described the structures as "little boxes".
2) Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed microorganisms in pond water in 1673 which he called "animalcules", including some of the first observations of bacteria.
3) In the 1830s-1850s, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow developed the three main principles of the cell theory - that all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of living things, and all cells
Cell history
The document summarizes the history and key discoveries related to cells, including:
1) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining a cork sample under his homemade microscope and described the structures as "little boxes".
2) Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed microorganisms in pond water in 1673 which he called "animalcules", including some of the first observations of bacteria.
3) In the 1830s-1850s, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow established the three main principles of the cell theory - that all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of living things, and all cells
Microscope
The document discusses various types of microscopes. It describes light microscopes like compound microscopes which use lenses and light to magnify specimens, and electron microscopes like transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes which use electron beams. It also mentions phase contrast microscopes which view live samples without staining, and fluorescent microscopes which use fluorescent dyes and specific wavelengths of light. The key components and working principles of these different microscope types are outlined.
Cell structure and function for class 8
The document discusses cell theory, which describes cells as the basic structural and functional units of all living things. It outlines the three main points of cell theory: 1) all living things are made of one or more cells, 2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and 3) all cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. The development of cell theory was enabled by advances in microscopy that allowed the discovery and study of cells in the mid-17th century. Cell theory is a foundational concept in biology.
Celltheory and its types
Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when he examined a thin section of cork under a microscope. He saw structures that resembled a honeycomb and called them cells. Later, in 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered tiny living things in pond water using a microscope. Over time, the observations of many scientists led to the development of the Cell Theory: (1) all living things are made of cells, (2) cells are the basic units of structure and function, and (3) new cells are produced from existing cells.
introduction to Celltheory
Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when he examined a thin section of cork under a microscope. He saw structures that resembled a honeycomb and called them cells. Later, in 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered tiny living things in pond water using a microscope. Over time, the observations of many scientists led to the development of the Cell Theory: (1) all living things are made of cells, (2) cells are the basic units of structure and function, and (3) new cells are produced from existing cells.
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Microscopes allow observation of cells that were previously too small to see. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a microscope to discover that living matter is made of individual cells. Galileo made improvements to the simple microscope in 1660, allowing Malpighi to provide evidence that blood flows from arteries to veins through capillaries. The light microscope had limits, unable to see structures smaller than 0.0005 mm until electron microscopes were developed. Scanning electron microscopes show 3D surface images, and scanning tunneling electron microscopes developed in 1981 can view molecules and atoms, complementing computer modeling in molecular biology research.
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- Robert Hooke in 1665 first observed cells when examining cork under a microscope and coined the term "cell" to describe the small compartments he saw. However, he did not provide further insights into cell structure.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek later developed more advanced microscopes and was the first to observe single-celled organisms like bacteria and yeast.
- In the 1830s-1850s, scientists including Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow developed the Cell Theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all organisms.
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This document provides an overview of cell biology methods and techniques. It discusses the history of cell discovery using microscopes from Hooke to Leeuwenhoek. It then summarizes various microscopy methods like brightfield, phase contrast, fluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy. Methods of subcellular fractionation like differential centrifugation and density gradient centrifugation are also outlined. The document briefly discusses cell culture techniques and growth factors as well as the use of viruses to study cell functions.
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The document summarizes the history and development of the cell theory from early microscope observations of cells in the 1600s to the modern principles of the cell theory established in the 1800s. It describes the key scientists who contributed to cell discoveries and theory, including Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow. The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and organization, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also provides a brief overview of microscope technology and the basic differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
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The document discusses the cell theory, which has three main parts: 1) the cell is the basic unit of life, 2) all living things are made of cells, and 3) cells come from pre-existing cells. Many scientists contributed to the development of the cell theory, including Anton van Leeuwenhoek who invented the first microscope and observed bacteria and protists, Robert Hooke who observed "cells" in cork, and Theodor Schwann and Matthais Schleiden who stated that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively. Rudolph Virchow further discovered that all cells come from pre-existing cells, cementing the cell theory.
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This document provides an overview of light microscopy and the brightfield microscope. It begins with the history and basic components of microscopes. It then describes the key features of light microscopy and different types including brightfield, darkfield, phase contrast, and differential interference contrast microscopy. The document focuses on brightfield microscopy, explaining that it uses transmitted white light and lenses to produce magnified images of stained specimens against a bright background. It discusses the principles, advantages, disadvantages and applications of brightfield microscopy. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the crucial role of microscopy in fields like cell biology and medical sciences.
optical microscope
The document summarizes different types of microscopes used to observe cells. It describes how Robert Hooke first observed cork cells in 1632 using a rudimentary microscope. Electron microscopes provide higher resolution than optical microscopes and can observe cell structures at smaller nanometer scales. Transmission electron microscopes transmit electrons through thin specimens, while scanning electron microscopes scan electron beams across surfaces to generate 3D images of cells and structures.
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The document discusses cell theory, which has three main tenets: 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells, 2) The cell is the basic unit of life, and 3) All cells come from preexisting cells. It describes the early discoveries of cells by Hooke, van Leuwenhoek, Schleiden, and Schwann that led to the development of cell theory. It also briefly explains different types of microscopes used to study cells, such as compound, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopes.
History of microscope for the study of cell
Microscopes are instruments that allow observation of very small objects that are invisible to the naked eye. There are several types of microscopes including compound, confocal, stereoscopic, TEM, and SEM microscopes. The compound microscope uses glass lenses and visible light to produce a magnified 2D image while electron microscopes like the TEM use electron beams to view specimens with higher magnification and resolution. The history of microscopes began in the 13th century with simple magnifying lenses and progressed to developments like the achromatic lens and electron microscope. Cells are the basic units of life that contain organelles like the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria and are bounded by a cell membrane, which microscopes allow detailed examination of.
Cell Theory
1. The cell theory states that the cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made of cells, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the first microscope and was the first to observe bacteria and protists. Matthais Schleiden and Theodor Schwann contributed to the cell theory by stating that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively.
3. Rudolph Virchow completed the cell theory by discovering that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
Cellular Basis Of Life
The document discusses the discovery of cells and the development of cell theory. It explores key figures like Van Leeuwenhoek, Hooke, Brown, Schleiden, and Schwann and their contributions to early microscopy and the understanding that cells are the basic unit of life. It also summarizes different types of microscopes used to study cells, including optical, stereo, transmission electron, and scanning electron microscopes. Specimen preparation techniques for microscopy are outlined. Finally, it addresses why cells are small through the relationship between surface area and volume.
Cell History
The document summarizes the history and key discoveries related to cells, including:
1) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining a cork sample under his homemade microscope and described the structures as "little boxes".
2) Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed microorganisms in pond water in 1673 which he called "animalcules", including some of the first observations of bacteria.
3) In the 1830s-1850s, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow developed the three main principles of the cell theory - that all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of living things, and all cells
Cell history
The document summarizes the history and key discoveries related to cells, including:
1) Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when examining a cork sample under his homemade microscope and described the structures as "little boxes".
2) Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed microorganisms in pond water in 1673 which he called "animalcules", including some of the first observations of bacteria.
3) In the 1830s-1850s, Matthias Schleiden, Theodore Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow established the three main principles of the cell theory - that all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic unit of living things, and all cells
Microscope
The document discusses various types of microscopes. It describes light microscopes like compound microscopes which use lenses and light to magnify specimens, and electron microscopes like transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes which use electron beams. It also mentions phase contrast microscopes which view live samples without staining, and fluorescent microscopes which use fluorescent dyes and specific wavelengths of light. The key components and working principles of these different microscope types are outlined.
Cell structure and function for class 8
The document discusses cell theory, which describes cells as the basic structural and functional units of all living things. It outlines the three main points of cell theory: 1) all living things are made of one or more cells, 2) the cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things, and 3) all cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. The development of cell theory was enabled by advances in microscopy that allowed the discovery and study of cells in the mid-17th century. Cell theory is a foundational concept in biology.
Celltheory and its types
Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when he examined a thin section of cork under a microscope. He saw structures that resembled a honeycomb and called them cells. Later, in 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered tiny living things in pond water using a microscope. Over time, the observations of many scientists led to the development of the Cell Theory: (1) all living things are made of cells, (2) cells are the basic units of structure and function, and (3) new cells are produced from existing cells.
introduction to Celltheory
Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when he examined a thin section of cork under a microscope. He saw structures that resembled a honeycomb and called them cells. Later, in 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered tiny living things in pond water using a microscope. Over time, the observations of many scientists led to the development of the Cell Theory: (1) all living things are made of cells, (2) cells are the basic units of structure and function, and (3) new cells are produced from existing cells.
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principleandapplicationsofbright-fieldmicroscopy-200512174600 (1).pptx
principleandapplicationsofbright-fieldmicroscopy-200512174600 (1).pptx
Microscopes
- 1. microscope made by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
- 2. lens magnifying an object
- 3. An engraving of the microscope used by Robert Hooke.
- 4. Hooke, Robert: cork cell structure and sprig of sensitive plant Robert Hooke’s drawings of the cellular structure of cork and a sprig of sensitive plant from Micrographia (1665). Oxford Science Library/Heritage-Images
- 6. Light microscopy image of a glomerulus demonstrating negative staining for both Congo-red and thioflavin-T.
- 7. Neutrophils and red blood cells as seen by light microscopy. Cells are stained with Giemsa; cytoplasms appear pink while polylobed nuclei are purple.
- 8. A typical TEM instrument showing the electron column, the fluorescent screen and the electronic equipment.
- 10. Thin slice of a human neutrophil observed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition to the typical three lobes of the nucleus, many granules are also observed within the cytoplasmic space.
- 11. Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, shown in a false-colour transmission electron micrograph.
- 12. A typical SEM instrument, showing the electron column, sample chamber, EDS detector, electronics console, and visual display monitors.
- 13. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
- 14. Pollen grains taken on an SEM
- 15. Colour-enhanced scanning electron micrograph (magnified 50×) of a bean aphid on a leaf.
- 16. Scanning electron microscope of leukemia cells (left) shown in comparison with bone marrow cells (right).