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1. Professional Readiness for Innovation, Employability & Entrepreneurship
Naan Mudhalvan - Project Based Experiential Learning
IBM | career.education@ibm.com
Technical Training Session - Internet of Things
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2. Program Understanding
Program aims to develop employability, innovation and entrepreneurship skills in the students through
project-based experiential learning in collaborative learning environments under the guidance of industry
mentoring. Program assists students in developing technical and professional competencies as they create
innovative solutions to problem statements. Students are taught to think technically and with an open mind.
Normally, companies provide such training after recruiting students, but under this project, skills are
provided in colleges.
Objectives:
❑ To empower the students with technical skills to require solving a real-world challenge
❑ To train the students on the approach to building solutions by applying critical thinking and
problem-solving capabilities in a collaborative environment.
❑ To mentor the students to build innovative solutions by applying design thinking concepts.
❑ To introduce the standard project development methodologies followed in the industry to the students
❑ To develop the professional skills like teamwork, leadership qualities, communication in the students
❑ To enhance the employability of students in order to get them internships and job opportunities

3. Project Based Experiential Learning
Project based learning helps students to understand the concepts by applying them on real-world
usecases. Hands-on learning experiences help them build following professional and technical
competencies required for job readiness and innovation
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
TECHNICAL COMPETENCIES
Ideation & Innovation
Solution architecture,
Demos & presentation
Critical Thinking &
Problem Solving
Teamwork &
Inclusivity
Communication Skills
Research &
Project planning
Technology Stack
(use APIs, tools,
techniques)
Coding & Solutioning
Agile & Design
Thinking practices

4. Greetings Everyone,
Thanks for Joining,
We shall start in 5 mins,
just wait for all the guru’s to join.

5. IoT Course Objectives
On completion of the 30 hours course the learner will be able to:
● Know the basis of Internet of Things
● Have knowledge of Building blocks of IoT
● Able to Design IoT Devices
● Able to communicate IoT Devices using various protocols
● Understand Cloud protocols
● Know about Computer Vision using Python

6. IoT Prerequisites
Participants should
● Have a basic understanding of C programming and Python programming
● Have a computer with basic configuration and good internet connectivity
● Python 3.7 version should be installed (Python latest version is not recommended)

7. Content
Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)
● What is IoT & Industrial IoT
● Evolution of IoT
● Unblock Business Value with IoT
● Societal Impacts of IoT
● IoT Applications
● IoT Applications in various Sectors

8. Content
Building Blocks of IoT
● IoT Architecture
● IoT Devices
● IoT Gateway
● IoT Communication Technologies
● IoT Communication Protocols
● IoT Platform
● IoT Security
● IoT Technology Stack

9. Content
Design an IoT Device
● IoT Device Design Considerations
● Proof of Concept (PoC) Development
● Open IoT Hardware
● Sensors & Actuators
● Network Considerations
● Power Management

10. Content
Getting Started with Arduino UNO & Tinkercad Platform
● Introduction to Arduino UNO
● Getting Started with TinkerCad Platform
● Blink an LED using Arduino UNO
● Integrating Push Button with Arduino UNO
● Integrating Analog Input with Arduino UNO
● Integrating Analog Output with Arduino UNO

11. Content
Getting started with ESP32 and Wokwi platform
● Specifications of ESP32 Development Board
● Installation of Arduino IDE & ESP32 Packages
Integrate TMP36 Sensor with Arduino UNO
● What is a DHT11 & TMP36 Sensor & How it works
● Integrate TMP36 sensor with ESP32

12. Content
Integrate Ultrasonic Sensor with Arduino UNO
● What is an Ultrasonic Sensor & How it Works
● Integrate Ultrasonic sensor with Arduino UNO
Integrate Servo Motor with Arduino UNO
● What is the Servo motor & How it works?
● Integrate Servo Motor with Arduino UNO

13. Content
IoT Communication Technologies
● Wired vs. Wireless Technologies
● Short range vs. Long range communication
● Understand Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
● Understand Wi-Fi Communication
● Understand Zigbee Communication

14. Content
Long Range Wireless Communication Technologies
● LoRa & LoRaWAN for IoT Communication
● Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) Communication
● Compare LoRAWAN & NB IoT Communication
IoT protocols
● Understand HTTP Protocol
● Understand HTTPS Protocol
● Understand MQTT Protocol
● Understand CoAP Protocol

15. Content
HTTP & MQTT Practical’s
● Get Weather Info from Open Weather API using HTTP
● Hands-on with MQTT - Hive MQ Publish Broker
Introduction to Python
● Python Environment setup
Python basics
● Python-Variable Types
● Python- Basic Operators
● Python- Strings

16. Content
Python - Collection Data Types, Functions
● Lists, Tuples, Set, Dictionary
● Control Statements
● Functions
Modules Files I/O
Python In-Built libraries
Overview of OOP Terminology Creating Classes

17. Content
Getting started with Raspberry PI
● Introduction to Raspberry PI
● Compare different models of Raspberry PI
● Explore Raspberry PI GPIO pins
● OS installation
Raspberry Pi as a Gateway
● Raspberry Pi as a gateway
● Configuring Raspberry Pi as a gateway

18. Content
Introduction to Cloud
● What is Cloud Technology?
● Understand Different Service models (SaaS, PaaS, IaaS)
Firebase Cloud & IoT Platform Architecture
● Introduction to Firebase Cloud Platform & its services
● Explore IoT Platform Architecture

19. Content
Getting Started Node-RED Service
● Introduction to Node-RED Service
● Installation of local Node-Red
● Getting Started with Node-RED
Web Application Development using Node-RED Service
● Develop a web UI to display the Sensor data
● Configure the buttons in UI to send the commands
● Publish and Subscribe data from Firebase IoT Platform using Python Code

20. Content
Mobile Application Development using MIT App Inventor
● Develop the User Interface to display the sensor data
● Configure the API's using Node-RED service to get the sensor data
● Display the Data in the UI and Install the Mobile App
● Configure the API's using Node-RED service to receive commands from Mobile App
● Configure the mobile App to send commands to Firebase Cloud
Case study 1
Case study 2

22. History

23. When? Where? Who?
● A Coke Machine at Carnegie Mellon
University, in 1982
● Mike Kazar, David Nichols, John Zsarnay,
and Ivor Durham
● They could check from their desks if the
machine was loaded with cold coke

24. When? Where? Who?
● The Internet Toaster by John Romkey in
1989
● Connected to the internet with TCP/IP
● Controlled via SNMP MIB (Simple
Networking Management Protocol
Management Information Base)
● Control to turn on/off

25. Sending Data
to Human
On/Off by
Human

26. Connected Devices

27. IoT Promises today is much
beyond this

28. WHAT IS IoT?

29. BENEFITS OF IOT
•Improved Performance
•Reduced Cost
•Improved Data Collection
•Improved Customer Engagement
•New revenue streams

30. APPLICATIONS OF IoT
Electrical IOT

31. APPLICATIONS OF IoT
AUTOMATION IOT

32. APPLICATIONS OF IoT
Mechanical IOT

33. Smart Home
APPLICATIONS IN DIFFERENT SECTORS
Smart Cities Smart Retail
Smart Health
Smart Environment
Smart Agriculture
Smart Industry
Smart Grid

34. ▪ Smart Parking
▪ Smart Roads
▪ Emergency Response
▪ Weather Monitoring
▪ Forest Fire Detection
▪ Air Pollution
▪ Smart Grids
▪ Renewable Energy Systems
▪ Prognostics
▪ Smart Irrigation
▪ Green House
▪ Shipment Monitoring
▪ Remote vehicle Diagnostics
▪ Fleet Tracking
HOME AUTOMATION
▪ Smart Lighting
▪ Smart Appliance
▪ Smart Security Systems
INDUSTRIES
Machine Diagnosis
Indoor Air Quality Monitoring
Internet
of
Things
HEALTH & LIFESTYLE
▪ Wearable Electronics
▪ Health & Fitness Monitoring

35. IoT ARCHITECTURE

36. IoT TECHNOLOGY STACK

37. IoT TECHNOLOGY STACK

38. IoT TECHNOLOGY STACK

39. IoT Statistics

40. PROTOTYPING HARDWARE

41. PROTOTYPING SOFTWARE

42. Break for 5 mins

43. Arduino Introduction

44. WHAT IS ARDUINO?
● Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics
projects .
● Easy tool for fast prototyping.
● consists of both a physical programmable circuit board and a piece
of software.

45. WHY ARDUINO?
● Open source Platform.
● Inexpensive
● Does not need a separate piece of hardware
● Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++
● Cross-platform
● Provides a standard form factor

46. WHAT CAN AN ARDUINO DO?
● Interacts with buttons, LEDs, motors, speakers, GPS units, cameras,
the internet, and even your smart-phone or your TV
● designed for artists, designers, hobbyists, hackers, newbie's, and
anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments

47. TYPES OF ARDUINO (Entry level
Boards)

48. TYPES OF ARDUINO (Wearable
Boards)

49. TYPES OF ARDUINO (Enhanced
Boards)

50. TYPES OF ARDUINO (IoT Board)

51. ARDUINO UNO
ATmega328

52. ARDUINO UNO Specifications
• Operating Voltages - 5V and 3.3V
• Input Voltage (recommended) - 5-12V
• Input Voltage (limits) - 6-20V
• Digital I/O Pins - 14 (6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins - 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin - 40 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin - 50 mA
• Flash Memory - 32 KB (ATmega328)
• SRAM - 2 KB (ATmega328)
• EEPROM - 1 KB (ATmega328)
• Clock Speed - 16 MHz
• Microcontroller - ATmega328

53. ARDUINO UNO Software
● Check out: http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
● Download & install the Arduino environment (IDE)
● Connect the board to your computer via the USB cable
● If needed, install the drivers (not needed in lab)
● Launch the Arduino IDE
● Select your board
● Select your serial port
● Open the example
● Upload the program

54. ARDUINO IDE

55. Tinkercad

56. Process
Open Tinkercad and Sign in
https://www.tinkercad.com/

57. ● Click on Create New circuit
● Explore the Tinkercad Platform
● Drag and drop Arduino Uno to the
workspace
● Go to Code and change from Blocks to
Text

58. Hello world Code:
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); // Baud Rate: No. of bits transmitted per second
}
void loop()
{
Serial.println(“Hello World!”);
}

59. Basic codes
● Print Integers
● different baud rates and speed
● loop and setup difference
● Print Binary: (10, BIN)

60. Digital Output Code (LED):
void setup()
{
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(13, HIGH);
}
Add 100 ohm resistor to avoid any error.

61. Lunch break
12:30 pm to 1:15 pm

62. Try to Blink LED with any frequency
Hint: to play with time use the
function:
delay(1000);

63. LED Blink Code:
void setup() {
pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
delay(1000);
}

64. Try to Blink 3 LEDs with a sequence
Traffic Lights

65. Button code digital input

66. Digital Input Code (Button):
const int buttonPin = 2; // the number of the pushbutton pin
int buttonState = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status
void setup() {
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
Serial.println(buttonState);
}

67. Try to Glow LED when the Button is
pressed and off LED when button is
released

68. (Button with LED):
const int buttonPin = 2; // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin = 13; // the number of the LED pin
int buttonState = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
if (buttonState == LOW) {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
}

69. Analog Read with Potentiometer

70. Analog Read with Potentiometer
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
int a = analogRead(A0);
Serial.print("Analog value: ");
Serial.println(a);
}

71. Potentiometer above 500 glow LED
If not Off the LED

72. (Potentiometer with LED):
const int potPin = A0; // the number of the pushbutton pin
const int ledPin = 13; // the number of the LED pin
int potState = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(potPin, INPUT);
}
void loop() {
int potState = analogRead( potPin );
Serial.print("Analog value: ");
Serial.println(potState);
if (potState >= 500 ) {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
}
}

73. Analog write with led

74. Analog write with led
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
analogWrite(11, 255);
delay(1000);
analogWrite(11, 200);
delay(1000);
analogWrite(11, 100);
delay(1000);
analogWrite(11, 50);
delay(1000);
analogWrite(11, 0);
delay(1000);
}

75. increase/decrease LED intensity with
potentiometer

76. Increase/Decrease
LED intensity with
potentiometer
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(11,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
int p = analogRead(A0);
Serial.print("Analog value: ");
Serial.println(p);
int m= map(p,0,1023,0,255);
analogWrite(11,m);
Serial.print("Map value: ");
Serial.println(m);
delay(1000);
}

77. Produce different colors with RGB LED
with potentiometers

78. Ultrasonic Sensor Intro
Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04) can measure
distance.
It emits an ultrasound at 40 kHz which
travels through the air and if there is an
object or obstacle on its path It will bounce
back to the module.
Can detect between 2 cm to 450 cm range.

79. Ultrasonic Sensor working
Considering the travel time and the speed of
the sound you can calculate the distance.
Distance = (Duration/2) * Velocity of sound
(340 m/s)

80. Ultrasonic Sensor Specifications
Operating Voltage : DC 5V
Operating Current : 15mA
Operating Frequency : 40KHz
Max Range : 4m
Min Range : 2cm
Ranging Accuracy : 3mm
Measuring Angle : 15 degree
Trigger Input Signal : 10µS TTL pulse
Dimension : 45 x 20 x 15mm

81. Ultrasonic sensor code
int t = 2;
int e = 3;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(t,OUTPUT);
pinMode(e,INPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(t, LOW);
digitalWrite(t,HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(t,LOW);
float dur = pulseIn(e,HIGH);
float dis = (dur * 0.0343)/2;
Serial.print("Distance in cm:");
Serial.println(dis);
}

82. try to write logic for car reverse
functionality, led should glow with
max intensity if there is an object
near, and glow less when there is
object at some distance and should
not glow when it is far

83. Temperature Sensor Intro
The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital
temperature and humidity sensor.
It uses a resistive type humidity sensor and a
thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and
spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no
analog input pins needed.

84. Temperature Sensor working
Humidity
sensing component
● Two electrodes
● Substrate
As humidity changes substrate conductivity
changes and the change is measured by ic
Thermistor
● Variable resistor
As the temperature changes the resistance value
is changes and the result is measured

85. Temperature Sensor Specifications
● 3 to 5V power and I/O
● 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)
● Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy
● Good for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C accuracy
● No more than 1 Hz sampling rate (once every second)
● Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm
● 4 pins with 0.1" spacing

86. Temperature Sensor Code
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); }
void loop() {
double a = analogRead(A0);
Serial.print("Analog value: ");
Serial.println(a);
double ca = a/1024;
Serial.print("converted Analog value: ");
Serial.println(ca);
double v = ca*5;
Serial.print("voltage value: ");
Serial.println(v);
double o = v-0.5;
Serial.print("offset value: ");
Serial.println(o);
double c = o*100;
Serial.print("celsius value: ");
Serial.println(c);
delay(1000);
}

87. Optimized Temperature Sensor Code
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); }
void loop() {
double a = analogRead(A0);
a =(( (a/1024)*5)-0.5)*100;
Serial.print("celsius value: ");
Serial.println(a);
delay(1000);
}

88. Glow LED when Temp sensor detects
more than 30 degree C

89. PIR Sensor Intro
PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost
always used to detect whether a human has
moved in or out of the sensors range.
They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to
use and don't wear out. For that reason they are
commonly found in appliances and gadgets used
in homes or businesses.
They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive
Infrared", "Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors.

90. PIR Sensor Working
The Pyro-electric Infra-Red (PIR) sensor is an
extremely useful device for detecting the
presence of a moving body.
PIR is simply sensitive to the infrared energy
emitted by every living thing.
When an intruder walks into the detector’s field
of vision, the detector “sees” a sharp increase in
infrared energy.

91. PIR Sensor Specifications
Size: Rectangular
Output: Digital pulse high (3V) when triggered (motion detected) digital low when idle (no
motion detected).
Sensitivity range: up to 20 feet (6 meters) 110° x 70° detection range
Power supply: 3V-9V input voltage, but 5V is ideal.

92. PIR Sensor Code
void setup()
{
pinMode(4, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
int p = digitalRead(4);
Serial.println(4);
}

93. Glow LED when Motion is detected by
PIR sensor

94. Servo Motor
#include<Servo.h>
Servo s;
void setup()
{
s.attach(3);
}
void loop()
{
s.write(0);
delay(1000);
s.write(30);
delay(1000);
s.write(70);
delay(1000);
s.write(130);
delay(1000);
s.write(180);
delay(1000);
}

95. Servo Motor
#include<Servo.h>
Servo s;
void setup()
{
s.attach(3);
}
void loop()
{
for(int i=0;i<=180;i++){
s.write(i);
delay(100);
}
delay(2000);
for(int j=180;j>=0;j–){
s.write(j);
delay(100);
}
delay(2000);
}

96. Buzzer
void setup()
{
pinMode(12,OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
for(int i=0; i<30000;i=i+10){
tone(12,i); //(pin number, frequency,delay)
delay(1000);
noTone(12);
delay(1000);
}
}

97. 7 segment Display
void setup()
{
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(2, 0);
digitalWrite(3, 0);
digitalWrite(4, 0);
digitalWrite(5, 0);
digitalWrite(6, 0);
digitalWrite(7, 0);
digitalWrite(8, 1);

98. Design an IoT Device

99. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
● Cost
● Network
● Features
● User interface
● Power
● Size
● Antenna
● Cloud
● Interoperability
● Security
● Applicability
● Software Updates
● Support
● Data Collection
● Data Management
● Analytics
● Market Trends

100. Proof Of Concept (POC)
DEFINE DEVELOP EXECUTE EVALUATE
The purpose is to design and test an IoT solution in your own
environment

101. What is prototyping?
Prototyping is a limited representation of a design that
allows users to interact with it and explore more
possibilities.
It also allows stakeholders to interact with the envisioned
product and get some user experience.

102. Goals of Prototyping
● Exploring requirements
● Choosing among alternatives
● Empirical usability testing
● Evolutionary development
Why should you go for a
prototype?

103. ● Evaluation and feedback
● Team members can communicate effectively
● You can test your ideas
● It encourages reflection
Why should you go for a
prototype?

104. ● Mockup
● Storyboard
● Sketches
● Scenarios
● Screenshots
● Function interface
How to represent a prototype?

105. A device whose task is to detect events or changes in its
immediate environment and convert these physical
phenomena (like temperature, light, air humidity,
movement, presence of chemical substances and many
others) into electrical impulses
SENSOR

107. Electrical impulses sent from the control system and
converting them into mechanical motion, it actually
introduces changes to its physical surroundings by means
of a variety of simple actions, including but not limited to
opening and closing valves, changing other devices’
position or angle
ACTUATOR

108. ACTUATOR

110. Open Architecture
with Powerful
Integration Tools
Built-in
Security
Intuitive,
Customizable
Management
Portal/ UI
Cross-Vendor
Device
Compatibility
Modular,
Platform-
Independent
Design
NETWORK
CONSIDERATIONS

111. The IoT device you develop must be able to perform its full
functionality as long as possible, Relying on high capacity
battery, super/ultra-capacitors or energy harvesting
technology
POWER MANAGEMENT

112. ● Energy consumption
● Battery capacity
● Power generation
Power Management Key Principles

113. Getting started with ESP32

114. ESP8266
ESP32

115. ESP32 in Arduino IDE
https://raw.githubuserconte
nt.com/espressif/arduino-es
p32/gh-pages/package_esp32_
index.json

116. ESP32 in Arduino IDE

117. ESP32 in Arduino IDE

118. ESP32 in Arduino IDE

120. 1St Feedback