What is your research topic which you selected for the course of BRM: How you were collecting data and what were your research variables. Please develop schematic research model to indicate the variable inventory of your research?

1. FINAL ASSIGNMENT
COURSE : METHODS IN BUSINESS RESEARCH
NAME : SIR FAISAL SULTAN
PROGRAM : MBA (A)
STUDENT NAME : MOUZZAM
STUDENT ID : 14816

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The Final Assignment for the course of BRM, SMCHS EVENING
Question Number. 01:
a) What is your research topic which you selected for the course of BRM: How
you were collecting data and what were your research variables. Please
develop schematic research model to indicate the variable inventory of your
research.
Answer:
My research topic is T H E I M P A C T O F E R P O N S U P P L Y
C H A I N M A N A G E M E N T :
I collect data to insight emerald website and finding all research in this website
https://www.emerald.com/insight/
Research Variables:

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b) Please develop research questions which you were developing for your
research work.
Answer:
Problem Statement:
This article presents results from a Delphi study on the future impact of Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) systems on Supply Chain Management (SCM). The Delphi
study was conducted with 23 Dutch supply chain executives of European multinationals.
Findings from this exploratory study were threefold. First, our executives have identified
the following key SCM issues for the coming years: (1) further integration of activities
between suppliers and customers across the entire supply chain; (2) on-going changes in
supply chain needs and required flexibility from IT; (3) more mass customization of
products and services leading to increasing assortments while decreasing cycle times and
inventories; (4) the locus of the driver’s seat of the entire supply chain and (5) supply
chains consisting of several independent enterprises.
The second main finding is that the panel experts saw only a modest role for ERP in
improving future supply chain effectiveness and a clear risk of ERP actually limiting
progress in supply chain management. ERP was seen as offering a positive contribution
to only four of the top 12 future supply chain issues: (1) more customization of products
and services; (2) more standardized processes and information; (3) the need for
worldwide IT systems; and (4) greater transparency of the marketplace. Implications for
subsequent research and management practice are discussed.
The following key limitations of current ERP systems in providing effective SCM
supportemerge as the third finding from this exploratory study: (1) their insufficient
extended enterprise functionality in crossing organizational boundaries; (2) their
inflexibility to ever-changing supply chain needs, (3) their lack of functionality beyond
managing transactions, and (4) their closed and non-modular system architecture.
These limitations stem from the fact that the first generation of ERP products has been
designed to integrate the various operations of an individual firm. In modern supply chain
management, however, the unit of analysis has become a network of organizations,
rendering these ERP products inadequate in the new economy.
Research Questions
What is Effect of supply chain Management in the Network Economy?
We view a supply chain as a network consisting of suppliers, manufacturers,
distributors, Retailers and customers.

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At the operational level, this network supports three types of flows that require
careful planning and close co-ordination:
• Material flows, which represent physical product flows from suppliers to customers as
well as the reverse flows for product returns, servicing, and recycling.
• Information flows, which represent order transmission and order tracking, and which
coordinate the physical flows.
• Financial flows, which represent credit terms, payment schedules, and consignment and
title ownership arrangements.
The network, in turn, is supported by three pillars:
• Processes, which embed the firm’s capabilities in logistics, new product development,
and knowledge management.
• Organizational structures, which encompass a range of relationships from total vertical
integration to networked companies as well as management approaches, and
performance measurement and reward schemes.
• Enabling technologies, which include both process and information technologies.
Model of Supply Chain Management
What is Enterprises resource Planning System?

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Our research focuses on understanding the impact of ERP systems on supply chain
performance. Our objective is to establish conditions under which ERP can be a critical
enabler or a severe handicap for superior supply chain performance. There are different
ways of defining ERP: a business perspective, a technical perspective or a functional
perspective. We discuss each of these in some detail below.
One way of looking at ERP is as a combination of business processes and information
technology. For instance, (J.D. Edwards, an American ERP system) defines ERP as
an umbrella term for integrated business software systems that power a corporate
information structure, controlling a broad range of activities, from the procurement of
supplies to shopfloor control and financial accounting. It provides the glue that binds
management functions across geographic sites and complex heterogeneous networks.
From a more strategic perspective, JBA, a British consulting firm, views ERP as a
business approach that starts in the boardroom and permeates the entire organization.
From a technical perspective, ERP can be seen as the logical extension of Material
Requirements Planning (MRP) systems of 1970’s and of Manufacturing Resource
Planning (MRP II) systems of 1980’s. ERP’s impact, however, has been much more
significant. Following the American Production and Inventory Control Society’s
(APICS) “MRP Crusade,” sales of MRP software and implementation support exceeded
one billion dollars in the United States by 1989. Worldwide sales of ERP packages
together with implementation support, on the other hand, are anticipated to exceed
twenty billion dollars by the turn of the century with annual growth rates of over 30%
(Computerworld 1996). A recent survey by Fortune magazine revealed that seven out
of the top ten global pharmaceutical and petroleum companies, nine out of top ten global
computer companies, and all of the top ten global chemical companies are using SAP’s
R/3.
Functionally, an ERP system primarily supports the management and administration of
the deployment of resources within a single (though possibly multi-site) organization.
These resources can be materials, capacities, human labor, capital, etc. Roughly
speaking, current ERP systems contribute to this aim by providing three different types
of functionality:
• A transaction processing engine, allowing for the integrated management of data
throughout the enterprise;
• Work flow management functions controlling the numerous process flows that exist in
the enterprise, such as the order-to-cash process or the purchasing processes;
• Decision support functions, assisting in the creation of plans (e.g. by doing an MRP
run), or in deciding on the acceptance of a specific customer order (e.g. by performing
an Available-to-Promise (ATP) check).

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As a result, ERP provides the following business functionality:
• ERP systems have replaced a myriad of old, undocumented, non-integrated legacy
systems by state of the art, integrated and maintainable software. It is hard to
overestimate the crucial importance of this obvious point. As an illustration, during the
preparation of our workshop, one interviewee described a real-life situation where a
relatively simple change in the logistic process (direct, and therefore cross border,
delivery form factory to customer) was found to be very sensible. However,
implementation of this process had to be canceled because it would involve the
modification of six separate IT systems. Just the effort needed to convince their owners
to agree to the change was already expected to be higher then the potential savings. The
number of local IT systems to be replaced by an integrated ERP system usually runs into
the dozens up to a hundred or more in multinational companies.
• ERP systems provide an enterprise transaction backbone that constitutes the glue
between all kinds of best-of-breed solutions for specific processes, business areas, etc. It
allows these best-of-breed solutions to leverage the investments made in the ERP
systems, and partly explains the impressive ROI's achieved by these solutions.
• ERP systems can be instrumental in transforming functionally oriented organizations
into process oriented ones. The very nature of the ERP system forces one to think
process-wise, rather than department-wise. Indeed, some of the unexpected benefits of
ERP implementations may well stem from improved communication between different
departments across business processes (McAfee 1998).
Many other Quantion relative to this research.
What is the role of ERP in supply chain management?
What is supply chain management in ERP?
How might an ERP implementation affect an organization's suppliers?
What is the difference between SCM and ERP?
What are the benefits of supply chain management?
What is MRP in supply chain?
How do companies use ERP systems?
What are the 5 basic components of a supply chain management SCM system?
c) Please develop hypotheses on the model of research you developed in part a
Research model and hypotheses:
This research attempts to investigate the relationship between ERP system and SCM
performance. Based on the extensive literature review of ERP system and SCM as well as

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the socio-technical theory an integrated theoretical framework has been developed in
order to investigate the relationship between ERP system (integration, material
management, production planning, controlling, and workflow management) and
SCM performance. Derived from the theoretical framework, the hypotheses for this
research dimensions were formulated and developed in order to test the relationships
between ERP system and SCM performance and finally achieve the research objectives.
Therefore, the following hypotheses were developed:
H1. There is a relationship between integration and SCM performance in many
manufacturing companies.
H2. There is a relationship between materials management and SCM performance in
Many manufacturing companies.
H3. There is a relationship between production planning and SCM performance in many
manufacturing companies.
H4. There is a relationship between controlling and SCM performance in many
manufacturing companies.
H5. There is a relationship between workflow management and SCM performance in
many manufacturing companies.

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Question Number. 02:
a) Please develop background and introduction for the topic on which you were
work from at least three references for each section and develop the
bibliography in APA format.
Answer:
Introduction:
After two decades of streamlining internal operations, boosting plant productivity,
improving product quality, and reducing manufacturing costs, companies are focusing
on supply chain strategies as the next frontier in organizational excellence. One reason
for these initiatives may be the substantial cost gains to be achieved from improving
logistics performance. In Europe, logistics costs range from 6% to 15% of total turnover
(AT Kearney 1993). In the US, American companies spent $670 billion on logistics and
supply chain-related activities in 1993, corresponding to 10.5% of GDP (Kurt Salmon
1993). Another reason appears to be theadvent of the network economy (Castells 1996,
Arthur 1996), which is triggering profound changes in the scope and impact of supply
chain management. In this network economy, the totally vertically integrated business
firm may be becoming the exception and ever changing networks of organizations the
rule (c.f. Tapscott 1996, Kelly 1998, Fine 1998). Markets are becoming more
transparent, customer demands are being met in a more customized manner (Pepper
and Rogers 1999, Jensen 1999) and, in general, the rate of change in the business world
keeps increasing (Brown and Eisenhardt 1998, Gleick 1999). All these developments
are having a profound impact on the ways in which supply chains of (extended)
enterprises are to be managed.
Background:
The other reason why the simultaneous rise in the focus on ERP and SCM is so
interesting is that academics appear to be far less interested in ERP than they are in
SCM. For instance, Fine (1998) does not even mention the term, despite the integrative
potential of ERP systems.
In fact, one can argue that very little academic research has been done on ERP, except
for research on reasons for implementation and on the challenges of the implementation
project itself (Upton and McAfee 1997, McAfee 1998, Austin and Nolan 1998,
Davenport 1998). In the field of Operations Management, this is reminiscent of the
academic treatment of MRP II and JIT, important industry phenomena of the past two
decades. Little research was conducted on these phenomena and therefore few well-
grounded recommendations could be provided in a timely manner to companies
struggling with these complex undertakings (e.g., Burns et al. (1991) for MRP II and
White et al (1999) for JIT).
Our research is therefore aimed at rekindling academic initiatives focusing on the
interactions between ERP and SCM. From the above historical perspective, it should be
clear that, in an exploratory phase, we feel we should first listen to practitioners. What

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do experts from business, who recently have been or are currently going through ERP
implementations, think about its strengths and weaknesses with respect to challenges in
business and supply chain management? To address this question, we have set up a
Delphi study with 23 Dutch supply chain executives, all working for European
multinationals. From this study, it became clear that there are indeed close interrelations
between SCM and ERP. Moreover, these interrelations are not all positive. Our
exploratory findings suggest that ERP is seen as contributing to SCM in technical areas
such as standardization, transparency, and globalization. Our experts also found that
current ERP systems can be limiting progress in SCM from a strategic perspective
because of their low flexibility and their typical single-company scope.
b) Please develop research significance, scope and limitations for the work you
were carrying for your research and develop list of bibliographic references
where applicable and possible
Answer:
Significance of the study:
This study contributes to the body of knowledge through the following:
(1) Focused on ERP system functionality that related to SCM performance;
(2) Investigates the relationship between ERP systems functionality and SCM
performance;

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(3) Provides organizational variables that can contribute to achieve successful usage of
ERP system;
(4) Contributes in reducing the likelihood of ERP system failure;
(5) Elucidates the benefits of ERP system that can enhance SCM performance;
(6) Encourages companies to implement ERP system through the success cases of ERP
system;
(7) Encourages Many Governments to provide financial assistance and grant for SMEs
to implement and support the ERP systems implementations;
(8) Contributes toward stimulating the ERP systems among Many companies; and
(9) Contributes in technology diffusion.
Scope of the study:
By the late of 1980s and early 1990s many companies were suffering from an enormous
IT integration problems and were in need for an absolute software solution that can
integrate different functional areas and at the same time allow these functional areas to
share from a single and centralized database without any data inconsistency problems and
without losing flexibility. Therefore, software vendors established ERP system in the mid
of 1990s in order to solve integration problems, make effective business solution, and
provide companies with all IT needs under a single software system (Loonam and
McDonagh, 2005).
ERP system was emerged in the beginning of 1992, however, in the recent years ERP
system has become one of the most well-known business software in the marketplace and
an essential part of everyday IT investments for many companies that believe ERP
system will provide solutions for their IT problems and therefore provide effective online
transactions with the current e-business era. Moreover, one of the significant and global
developments of IT is the broad acceptance of ERP system by many companies
worldwide which reached today to consider ERP system as the most rapid growing
system in operational area (Lopes, 1992; Zhang et al., 2004; Molla and Bhalla, 2006).
In fact, ERP is software for business management system which integrates all business
functions, processes, and information between different departments inside the company.
This business software system will allow companies to automate and integrate the
majority of their business processes, share common data and practices across the entire

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enterprise, and produce and access information in a real-time environment (Lopes, 1992;
Deloitte, 1999).
This integrated enterprise-wide system will automate the main business functions such as
manufacturing, human resource, finance, as well as SCM and eventually enable
companies to streamline their operations and processes (Gibson et al., 1999).
ERP system is better, faster, and more economical solution for business processes in the
new information system paradigm. However, ERP system is an enterprise-wide
integration of data, information, as well as business processes. The origin of ERP system
was in manufacturing providing only production planning, and afterward in the mid of
1990s, the system further expanded to contain functionality such as financial
management, order management, assist management, and human resources management.
In the recent years ERP system functionality increased to include marketing automation,
e-commerce, sales, and supply chain systems. Currently, the major ERP systems
applications contain financial applications, human resources applications, and
manufacturing applications that provide multiple functionalities (McAdam and
Galloway, 2005).
ERP system can cope with different functional area, such as, sales, accounts receivable,
accounts payable, engineering, inventory management, production, purchase, quality
management, human resources, production, and distribution planning. Basically, ERP
system competent to integrate, optimize, and coordinate physical, cash, and information
flow in the above-mentioned functional area as well as within the entire supply chain of
the company (Shankarnarayanan, 1998; Zheng et al., 2000).
Limitations:
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ERP system and SCM
performance. The finding of this study supports the significant relationship between ERP
system and SCM performance. This research can limitations that, there is a positive and
significant relationship between ERP system (i.e. integration, material management,
production planning, and controlling) and SCM performance.
In general the findings of this study implies that the successful implementation and the
effective usage of ERP system can contribute toward enhancing SCM performance in
many ways such as, integration of internal business processes, enhancement of
information flow among different departments inside the company, improvement of the
company’s relationships and collaboration with outsourcing suppliers, customers, and
supply chain partners, global sourcing, sharing, exchange and movement of information,

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goods and services, improvement of product quality, flexibility and customer
responsiveness, and finally reduction of inventory and operation costs.
Manufacturing companies implemented ERP system with the integration in order to
integrate all applications among several departments inside the company as well as across
the supply chain to provide a smooth work and quick flow of quality information within
the company’s supply chain. This integration will provide easy and reliable access to data
from any unit within the supply chain and will prevent redundant data and therefore
prevent redundant operations, which eventually will contribute toward improving the
performance of the SCM.
Future research could focus on other modules of ERP system that are related to finance or
to human resource management or any other section in order to improve other parts of
business performance such as the financial performance (return on investment and return
on assets), marketing performance (sales growth, market share, and new service success),
or customer-based performance (customer retention, customer satisfaction), and all these
parts will finally contribute to improve overall business performance.
c) Please provide theoretical framework with in-text citations and bibliographic
references for inclusion or exclusion of variables from your study .
Logistics chain management is the way companies use supplier processes,technology and
competence to improve their competitive advantage (Mzoughi et al., 2008)
The major purpose of ERP is to integrate a wide range of information regarding
organizational
resources to create synergies with business partners, meet customer requirements, and
enhance operational performance. ERP system can be defined as the solutions that are
integrated to the business processes and firms functions(Al -Mashari et al., 2003). ERP
system is standard adaptable software. It is an information system that manages
production planning, supplies, production, sales, distribution, accounting and customer
service by integrating them all together. ERP system is defined as a part of a firm’s
global management information system that integrates all the business
function(Chen,2001).
ERP system deals with better integration of differenct department information
system.ERP system enables the information linking a set of suppliers, distributors and

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customers without geographical restrictions. Information about customers and suppliers
are shared instantaneously and in an accurate and homogeneous manner (Chen and
Popvich, 2003).
Question Number. 03:
a) Develop Literature review for the study through discussing linkage of
variable through CREAWR rule and mark proper in-text citations and
bibliographic references.
Claim:
Many studies claim that the major advantage of an ERP system is that it is integrated and
centralized. An ERP system offers the decision makers the means of enhancing the
knowledge about the process which in turn helps to make reliable decisions more rapidly
and as well collecting sources to support their decisions. However according to our
findings from various studies it is evident that ERP helps to improve the reliability of
decision by mutual participation of the participants, improves co-ordination of tasks
which makes inter-related decision making easier. As a result it improves the satisfaction
of decision process across the participants.
Evidence:
As explained earlier, information integration in terms of technology requires the
utilization of information services as well as integration at the data syntax level. In case
the two enterprises are using the same information systems, the integration will be
inherently realized at this level. To establish such level of integration, the two
organizations need to exchange information. Studies carried on to investigate the
profitability of information exchange in consumption goods industry indicates that such
exchange would exert a positive impact on the profitability of the involved enterprises
such that as the exchange rate increases, the profitability of the organizations will also
increase. Moreover, case studies on computer manufacturing industries suggest
information exchange to have an impact on the reduction of expenses (Lee, 2010)
Acknowledgement:
The underlying role of ERP in supporting the supply chain management Having defined
and classified cooperation mechanisms in the previous literature studies, we would now
explore the role of ERP systems in creating as well as implementing the various
cooperative mechanisms. However, before dealing with the supply chain information
structure and utilizing ERP system, we will examine how the underlying structure of the

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supply chain is created. Chandra and Kumar (2006) have classified the supply chain
modeling into two topics: decision-making modeling and information structure modeling
The information structure fulfills the informational needs of the supply chain and deals
with solutions to the problems that the supply chain decision-making model may entail.
The supply chain involves an information structure in which each member of the chain
holds three major processes of supply, production and distribution. These three major
corporate processes are integrated by three major logistic modules of ERP system.
Warranty:
Implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems is one of the key solutions
organization make use of to make its busniness more efficient and effective.The
implementation of ERP systems has helped corporations, significantly improve their
business metrics by process optimization,improving the entire supply chain
process,integration across functionalities and increasing transparency across the
organization.
The success of ERP implementation is measured by various factors,This study was
undertaken to evsluate the impact of ERP implementation at HOCL kochi unit in the post
implementation phase.The study measure the effectiveness of ERP implemented,benefit
obtained due to implementation of ERP and level of satisfaction amaong the users on
various aspects like training,ease of use etc.A survey instrument was constructed to
gather data from the users and the data was then analyzed to arrive conclusions.

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b) Develop research methodology for your research through indicating research
philosophy, philosophical stance, instrument used, sample size etc.
Research Methodology:
This study has been conducted to reveal and investigate the relationships among SCM
practices, ERP systems, competitive advantage and firm performance. The methodology
initially involves the establishment of contract’s domain through a literature review
followed by the identification of a pool of items to measure the constructs forming the
research model. This pool of items is used to develop an initial survey and was subject to
a pilot study for measurement purification prior to the finalization of the questionnaire
and the implementation of the main study. The data needed for field search has been
collected through survey research method, which is described and analyzed in more detail
in the following sections.
To test the above hypotheses, multi-item scales adopted or developed from prior studies
for the measurement of the constructs were used. SCM practices have four dimensions.
The four dimensions are strategic supplier partnership, customer relationship, level of
information sharing, quality of information sharing. The items are adopted from Li et al.
(2006). The ERP system is conceptualized as a fivedimensional construct. These are
system quality, information quality, system use, individual impact and organizational
impact. These measurement items are adopted from DeLone and McLean (2004).
c) Discuss the way through which you will collect data for conducting research
i.e. from primary or secondary sources and way of collecting data.
SECONDARY DATA
Sources of Secondary Data:The following are some ways of collecting secondary data.
Internet articles Research
Articles by other researchers (journals)
Published censuses or other statistical data

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Question Number. 04:
a) How you avoid unethical practices i.e. Fabrication, Falsification and
Plagiarism in the process of research discuss the parameters you have taken
to conduct research ethically.
The impact of ERP on supply chain ethics on business:
It can be easy to forget the impact of ERP on supply chain ethics has on a company.
Unethical behavior – even just a one-time lapse – can harm both reputation and the
bottom line. Today’s consumers demand to know that the products they purchase are
made in socially, ethically and environmentally conscious ways. Businesses will find
themselves in trouble with their customers if they’re exposed for not implementing the
tactics they claim to be.
Taking Responsibility of ERP on Supply Chain:
Over the past decade, ERP on supply chain has taken on a more critical role in the
corporate world. It’s no longer a back-office function that often flies under the radar.
Today, supply chain management is a strategic imperative and a competitive
differentiator that has become part of the corporate business model due to all impact
depend on ERP system.
b) What are the issues you faced in writing report please discuss briefly
Choosing the Right Topic:
Your research topic is the foundation on which everything else rests, so it’s crucial to
choose carefully. “You can’t do anything else until you figure out the basic focus of your
topic.
Choosing the Right Methodology:
The best way to choose it is not to choose. The methodology that’s used comes from the
research question, not from your personal preferences for one design or another.
Determine what kind of design and methodology can best answer your research
questions. If your questions include words such as “explore,” “understand,” and
“generate,” it’s an indication that your study is qualitative. Whereas words such as
“compare,” “relate,” or “correlate” indicate a quantitative study. The design comes out of
the study, rather than being imposed on the study.
Stay Focused:

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Cautions against being distracted by irrelevant data as you do your analysis.Suggests
“keeping a really close eye” on your research questions and your hypothesis, “because
sometimes the data you collect will take you away from that.”
c) Please notify the role of BRM in the development of students from the area of
management sciences. Is there any practical implications for the course.
Business Research Types:
a) Basic Research
b) Applied Research
Basic research:
Attempts to expand the limits of knowledge.
Not directly involved in the solution to a pragmatic problem.
Basic Research Example:
Is executive success correlated with high need for achievement?
Are members of highly cohesive work group more satisfied than members of less
cohesive work groups?
Do consumers experience cognitive dissonance in Low-involvement situations?
The secret of success is to know something nobody else knows.(Aristotle Onassis)
Applied Research:
Conducted when a decision must be made about a specific real life problem.
Scientific Method:
The analysis and interpretation of empirical evidence (facts from observation or
experimentation) to confirm or disprove prior conceptions.
Associated with the Development and Implementation of a Strategy:
Identifying problems and opportunities
Diagnosis and assessment

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Salecting and implementing a course of action.
Evaluating the course of action.
Evaluation Research:
Evaluation research is the formal, objective measurement and appraisal of the extent to
which a given activity, project or program has achieved its objectives.
Question Number. 05:
a) Make your own analysis regarding the market response of your study that
what could be found through this research. Please discuss in detail and quote
necessary questions and citations where required.
First I find this my research what is impact of ERP on Supply chain management and
how to resolve this type of problem to learn of different reseatcher article.
Second I find all research depend on journal positive review.
What is effect ERP on Organiziational capability and market responses?
ERP implementation and organizational capability. ERP enables a firm to coordinate
more accurate and timely information across its functional boundaries, which reduces
inventory and improves market responsiveness (Lee et al., 1997)
During the various study through the literatures, it is evident that manufacturing
companies have undergone many evolutionary changes. The concept of SCM has helped
companies to compete flexibly. The importance of a long term long lasting relationship
has been enlightened in this work. Co-ordination, co-operation and integration will
improve profitability not only to the manufacturer but also to the supplier.
With the emergence of technology new developed software’s and architectures have been
available for managing various operational levels in a supply chain management and one
among these technologies is the widely used Enterprise Resource Planning.
The impact of ERP system is always results from the case studies, interviews and
industry surveys. Companies report growth in the performance in several areas as a result
of ERP implementation. The impact of ERP implementation always branch out into four
categories.
Improve information flow across sub units, standardization and integration facilitates
communication and better co-ordination. Enabling centralization of administrative

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activities such as accounts and payroll. Reduce information system maintenance cost and
increase the ability to deploy new functionality.ERP helps in moving a firm from
inefficient business process into accepted practice process. (Galbraith, 1974).
These above literatures states that ERP systems has potential benefits on the organization
on successful implementation
Research areas on ERP:
There are two main research orientations in these studies which include: first, how to
implement ERP system in a corporation and, second, what are the advantages of this
system in resolving a variety of problems an organization might encounter.
The first area, on which most of the studies have already focused, comprises studies on
the fund, timing, economy and success of the implementation of ERP. On the contrary,
there have been few studies to address the functions of ERP in strategic and operational
levels. Studies on ERP are often classified into two categories: studies on the concept of
ERP and studies on the system of ERP. Conceptual studies on ERP have concentrated on
the potential effects that ERP might have on the organization, while studies with systemic
orientations have presumed ERP as a tool for creating a particular output (Cumbie et al.,
2005)