Method for determining central occlusion and central jaw ratio. Fixation of dentition in central occlusion using occlusion registers. Devices that reproduce the movements of the lower jaw-occluders, articulators. The principle of working with them. Mustafa al-ali, 48 Anatomical method is based on determining the correct configuration of the lower third of the face. Giziand Keller point to the following anatomical features that must be followed: 1 -the lips should move and without tension touch each other all the way and should not be sunken, the circular muscle of the mouth should function normally; 2 -The corners of the mouth should be raised, nasolabialfolds should be clearly expressed. This method is very subjective. Anatomical method based on the study of the proportionality of parts of the human body. Harringeninvented a compass that solves the problem of the golden section, freeing the physician from algebraic calculations and geometric constructions. This method is not accurate enough. State of relative physiological rest Anatomical and physiological method-is based on the fact that the relative physiological (functional) rest of the mandible is 2-4 mm higher than the height of the central occlusion. First, determine the height of the relative physiological rest (determined by muscle tone, myotaticreflex and passive forces that hold the lower jaw in space, as well as the elasticity and elasticity of the epithelial tissues). This height is measured with a spatula or ruler. Then fit the record blocks, so that the height when closing the blocks was 2-4 mm lower. –is one of the articulation positions of the lower jaw with minimal activity of the masticatory muscles and complete relaxation of the facial muscles. The tone of the muscles raising and lowering the lower jaw is equivalent Classification of the ratio of dentition and jaws by professor A.I. Betelman Group 4 Both jaws lack teeth The stages of the central relation determining Devices that reproduce the movements of the lower jaw-occluders Dental articulators are mechanical instruments that allow you to recreate the relationship of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with the jaws, by mounting the upper and lower impression models on the instrument. The articulator simulates the patient's mandibular movements; providing the static and dynamic relationships in order to observe malocclusions or dysfunctionalities extraorally. Thanks to this, the dentist can study way the treatment guidelines without causing fatigue or discomfort for the patient. types of dental articulators exist? Non-adjustable articulators (Class I) Also known as hinged occluders or hinges, they cannot really be considered articulators, as they are simple support instruments. They only reproduce the static relationship with the mounted model, their advantage is that they are small instruments and allow an easy and quick organisation of the models. An example of this type of articulator is the quick-fixing ar

1. METHOD FOR DETERMINING CENTRAL OCCLUSION AND
CENTRAL JAW RATIO. FIXATION OF DENTITION IN CENTRAL
OCCLUSION USING OCCLUSION REGISTERS. DEVICES THAT
REPRODUCE THE MOVEMENTS OF THE LOWER JAW-
OCCLUDERS, ARTICULATORS. THE PRINCIPLE OF WORKING
WITH THEM.
MUSTAFA AL-ALI, 48

3. ANATOMICAL METHOD
 is based on determining the correct configuration of the lower third of the face. Giziand Keller point to the
following anatomical features that must be followed:
 1 -the lips should move and without tension touch each other all the way and should not be sunken, the
circular muscle of the mouth should function normally;
 2 -The corners of the mouth should be raised, nasolabialfolds should be clearly expressed. This method is very
subjective.

4. ANATOMICAL METHOD
 based on the study of the proportionality of parts of the human body. Harringeninvented a compass that
solves the problem of the golden section, freeing the physician from algebraic calculations and geometric
constructions. This method is not accurate enough.

5. STATE OF RELATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL REST
 Anatomical and physiological method-is based on the fact that the relative physiological (functional) rest of
the mandible is 2-4 mm higher than the height of the central occlusion. First, determine the height of the
relative physiological rest (determined by muscle tone, myotaticreflex and passive forces that hold the lower
jaw in space, as well as the elasticity and elasticity of the epithelial tissues). This height is measured with a
spatula or ruler. Then fit the record blocks, so that the height when closing the blocks was 2-4 mm lower.

6.  –is one of the articulation positions of the lower jaw with minimal activity of the masticatory muscles and
complete relaxation of the facial muscles. The tone of the muscles raising and lowering the lower jaw is
equivalent

8. CLASSIFICATION OF THE RATIO OF DENTITION AND JAWS BY
PROFESSOR A.I. BETELMAN

11. GROUP 4 BOTH JAWS LACK TEETH

15. THE STAGES OF THE CENTRAL RELATION DETERMINING

18. DEVICES THAT REPRODUCE THE MOVEMENTS OF THE LOWER JAW-
OCCLUDERS
 Dental articulators are mechanical instruments that allow you to recreate the relationship of the
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with the jaws, by mounting the upper and lower impression models on the
instrument.
 The articulator simulates the patient's mandibular movements; providing the static and dynamic relationships
in order to observe malocclusions or dysfunctionalities extraorally. Thanks to this, the dentist can study way
the treatment guidelines without causing fatigue or discomfort for the patient.

19. TYPES OF DENTAL ARTICULATORS EXIST?
 Non-adjustable articulators (Class I)
 Also known as hinged occluders or hinges, they cannot
really be considered articulators, as they are simple support
instruments. They only reproduce the static relationship
with the mounted model, their advantage is that they are
small instruments and allow an easy and quick organisation
of the models.
 An example of this type of articulator is the quick-fixing
articulator, designed for quick and immediate articulation
(composites, dental clinic...), without the need to use plaster
or any other type of material to fix the model to the tray

20.  Non-Adjustable Articulators (Class II)
 Class II articulators allow horizontal and vertical movements, but are still
unable to reproduce the patient's natural temporomandibular joint
relationship, and is the intermediate step to the next type. The set-up
time of this version is much shorter, however, it does not reproduce
eccentric movements and the occlusal relationships may not be
accurate. Examples of this type of articulator include:
 Articulator for dental prostheses, has the following characteristics:
 Hinge type.
 Rounded base.
 Easy assembly, even of the upper jaw.
 Chrome-plated colour.
 Allows lateral movements and self-return to primary position.
 Upper jaw with screw adjustment.

21.  Semi-adjustable Articulators
 The Semi-adjustable Class III Articulators are the most common in the dental clinic as they allow the majority
of dental treatments to be carried out. They are the most suitable for training and dentistry studies.
 They are able to simulate condylar trajectories, using patient-equivalent values for almost all mandibular
movements. Transmission to the models in relation to the patient's temporomandibular joints is achieved by
transfer with the facebow.

22.  ARCON Articulators
 They have condylar articulation movement equal to the human articulation; with the glenoid cavity located in
the upper branch and the condyle in the lower branch. They are the most recommended for beginners and are
in often used in university prosthetic practices thanks to their adaptability and ease of use. Below we'll show
you some of the most popular ones:
 The Arquimedes PRO semi-adjustable chest-type articulator has been created following a study of the needs
of modern prostheses. Its robust structure made of aluminium guarantees great stability. Its light weight makes
it easy to handle. Its open shape provides a great visibility of the model whatever the angle at which it is
studied. It has the following characteristics:

23.  The lower part is designed to be able to work at a 45° angle.
 Able to calibrate several articulators (optional calibrator).
 The parts that make up the articulator can be acquired separately.
 Pine for support of the upper limb in open position.
 Regulation of the condylar guide.
 Adjustable Bennet angle
 .
 Material: Aluminium.
 Available without bow, or also with elite or standard bow.

24.  NON-ARCON articulator
 Unlike the first articulator, it has the condyles in the upper
part of the articulator and the glenoid cavity in the lower
part of the instrument. This type of articulator is less used.
An example of this type of articulator is the "Balance" from
Hager Werken. It has the following features:
 It is a functional dental articulator for full and partial
dentures as well as for crowns and bridges.
 Consisting of 3 heights of 95 millimetres, 105 millimetres and
116 millimetres (measured without the bars).
 Designed for crown and bridge work as well as for full and
partial dentistry.
 Practical, comfortable and safe.
 25° inclination of the condyle.
 Includes: articulating organ, Incisal table, Incisal pin, plates
(2), rubber bands and spanners.

25. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ARTICULATOR AND AN
OCCLUDER?
 Dental articulators are instruments that allow the dentist to simulate the relationship of the
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with the jaws. They do not duplicate the movement, but recreate it. They are
able to simulate jaw movements and relate maxillary and mandibular movements.
 The occlusor belongs to the dental articulator family. It is a single hinged instrument and only allows opening
and closing movements and unlike the articulator, it only recreates the occlusal relationship.
 The main differences are the clinical working time (the occluder has a shorter working time) and the recreation
of movements.