2. CHARACTERISTICS
Mentally healthy persons has three main characteristics:
1. He feels comfortable about himself and has self
respect.
2. He feels right towards others. He is able to feel a part
of the group, and like and trust others.
3. He is able to meet demands of life, able to think for
himself and take his own decisions, sets reasonable
goals for himself and is not bowled over by his own
emotions of fear, anger, love or guilt.
7. MENTAL ILLNESS
• A mental or behavioural disorder is
characterized by a disturbance in thinking,
mood, or behaviour, which is out of keeping
with cultural beliefs and norms.
• In most cases the symptoms are associated
with distress and interference with personal
functions.
• Most of these disorders can be successfully
treated.
8. SYMPTOMS
Mental disorders produce symptoms that sufferers or close to them
notice. These may include:
• Physical – aches and sleep disturbances
• Emotional – feeling sad, scared or anxious
• Cognitive – difficulty thinking clearly, abnormal beliefs, memory
disturbance
• Behavioral – behaving in an aggressive manner, inability to perform
routine daily functions, excessive use of substances
• Perceptual – seeing or hearing things that others cannot
9. • Specific early signs vary from disorder to disorder. People
who experience one or more of the symptoms listed
above are encouraged to seek professional help if the
symptoms persist, cause significant distress, or interfere
with tasks of day-to-day living.
10. TYPES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
Mental illness can be separated into two
categories:
• Psychotic illness
• Non – psychotic illness
11. PSYCHOTIC ILLNESS
• Psychosis is a condition which affects the
mind and results in some loss of contact
with reality.
• When someone experiences psychosis their
thoughts become disordered and they have
difficulty knowing what is real and what is
not.
• They develop delusions, hallucinations,
illusions, etc.
12. TYPES OF PSYCHOSIS
• Brief reactive psychosis occurs suddenly in
response to severe stress such as
bereavement or severe trauma. This lasts
for less than a month.
• Drug induced psychosis is brought on by
the use of drugs such as cannabis, LSD,
speed or magic mushrooms. This usually
lasts for only a few months.
• Organic psychosis can appear when
someone suffers from a head injury or a
physical illness which disrupts brain
functioning. eg. Alzheimer’s disease
13. Contd…
• Schizophrenia is a psychotic illness which changes
behavior for at least six months.
• Schizophreniform is a psychotic illness that lasts for
less than six months.
• Schizoaffective disorder is a psychotic illness which is
not typical of a mood disorder or schizophrenia.
14. Contd…
• Bipolar disorder (Manic depression) is characterized by
extreme mood swings between depressions and highs
(mania).
• Psychotic depression is a depression with psychotic
symptoms, without highs (mania).
Most people who experience a psychotic illness
are able to live full and independent lives with effective
medication and support.
15. NON - PSYCHOTIC ILLNESS
• Non psychotic illness occurs when the
everyday feelings of depression, sadness,
tension, anxiety or fear become so
overwhelming that people have difficulty
coping with day to day activities such as
work, recreation and relationships.
16. NON PSYCHOTIC ILLNESS INCLUDES:
• Agoraphobia
• Panic disorder
• Social disorder
• Obsessive compulsive disorder
• Post traumatic stress disorder
• Eating disorders
• Some forms of depression
17. • Most non – psychotic illness can be assisted by
treatments such as education, counseling, cognitive
behavior therapy or in some cases meditation.
• These treatments may help to develop new ways of
thinking about and dealing with their illness.
18. CAUSES OF MENTAL ILLNESS
HEREDITY
SOCIAL
PATHOLOGICAL
CAUSES
ORGANIC
CONDIOTIONS
MENTAL ILLNESS
23. PRENATAL PEROID
• Pregnancy is a
stressful period for
some women.
• They need help not
only for their
physical but also
emotional needs.
24. PEDIATRIC AGE
• First 5 yrs of life infant and
young child should experience a
warm, intimate and continuous
relationship.
• Everything that happens in
school affects the mental health
of the child.
• Children who have emotional
problems may need child
guidance clinic or psychiatric
services.
25. ADOLESCENCE
The basic needs of
adolescents are:
Need to be needed by
others
Need for increasing
independence
Need to achive
adequate adjustment to
opposite sex
Need to rethink the
cherished beliefs of
one’s elders.
26. OLD AGE
Causes:
Organic conditions of the
brain
Economic insecurity
Lack of a home
Poor status and insecurity
27. Thus throughout his life, the needs of man
remain same:
Need for affection
Need for belonging
Need for independence
Need for achievement
Need for recognition or approval
Need for sense of personal worth
Need for self actualization
30. WORLD MENTAL HEALTH DAY
• The world mental health day was first
proclaimed by the World Federation for
Mental Health (WFMH) in 1992.
• It is co- sponsored by WHO
• It requests Members States "to promote
mental health and healthy behaviour using
the commemoration of the World Mental
Health Day 10th October".
32. MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
• The National Mental Health Programme was launched
during 1982 with a view to ensure
• Comprehensive mental health program includes all
community facilities pertinent in any way to prevention,
treatment and rehabilitation.
34. National Mental Health Program
Objectives -
1.To ensure the availability and accessibility of
minimum mental healthcare for all in the
foreseeable future;
2.To encourage the application of mental
health knowledge in general healthcare and
in social development;
3.To promote community participation in the
mental health service development; and
4.To enhance human resource in mental health
sub-specialties.
