CAN WE MAKE MEGACITIES RESILIENT TO NATURAL HAZARDS? Cities and megacities exist by geologic, hydrologic, and atmospheric consent, which can be withdrawn without notice. Vulnerabilities reflect policy flaws with respect to preparedness, protection, response, and recovery. Preparedness, protection, response, and recovery are the most effective measures. But, they are hard to sell to the public and take time to implement.
LATEST EVIDENCE. Antarctica’s Thwaites Glacier Ice Shelf Begins To Break Up (Ian Joughin, a glaciologist at the University of Washington in Seattle). Planet Earth may be at greater risk than ever before if global climate change proves to be a long-term threat. Two teams of scientists say the long-feared collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has begun, kicking off what they say will be a centuries-long, "unstoppable" process that could raise sea levels by as much as 4 m (15 ft). The glacier serves as a linchpin for the rest of the West Antarctic Ice sheet, which has enough frozen mass to cause another 10 to 13 feet (3 to 4 meters) of sea level rise. Many locations will have environments at higher risk as temperature increases and sea level rises, as hypothesized. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Haye, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
A TORNADO STRIKES HATTISBURG, MISSISSIPPI (USA)SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2013. The peak of the annual tornado season is usually late winter through midsummer,…. But tornadoes can happen any time of the year when the atmospheric conditions are right. Both spring and winter weather are creating favorable conditions for devastating tornadoes. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
A case-control study of injuries arising from the earthquake in Armenia, 1988
H.K. Armenian, E.K. Noji, & A.P. Oganesian.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 70(2): 251-257 (1992)
The study attempts to identify predictors of injuries among persons who were hospitalized following the Armenian earthquake of 7 December 1988. A total of 189 such individuals were identified through neighbourhood polyclinics in the city of Leninakan and 159 noninjured controls were selected from the same neighbourhoods. A standardized interview questionnaire was used. Cases and controls shared many social and demographic characteristics; however, 98% of persons who were hospitalized with injuries were inside a building at the time of the earthquake, compared with 83% of the controls (odds ratio = 12.20, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 3.62-63.79). The odds ratio of injuries for individuals who were in a building that had five or more floors, compared with those in lower buildings, was 3.65 (95% Cl = 2.12-6.33). Leaving buildings after the first shock of the earthquake was a protective behaviour. The odds ratio for those staying indoors compared with those who ran out was 4.40 (95% Cl = 2.24-8.71).
Ettekanne humanistlikku kooli käsitleval konverentsil koos rühmatöö juhendiga. Keskendub koolikliima ja koolirõõmu mõistmisele, uurimisele ja edendamise võimalustele.
CAN WE MAKE MEGACITIES RESILIENT TO NATURAL HAZARDS? Cities and megacities exist by geologic, hydrologic, and atmospheric consent, which can be withdrawn without notice. Vulnerabilities reflect policy flaws with respect to preparedness, protection, response, and recovery. Preparedness, protection, response, and recovery are the most effective measures. But, they are hard to sell to the public and take time to implement.
LATEST EVIDENCE. Antarctica’s Thwaites Glacier Ice Shelf Begins To Break Up (Ian Joughin, a glaciologist at the University of Washington in Seattle). Planet Earth may be at greater risk than ever before if global climate change proves to be a long-term threat. Two teams of scientists say the long-feared collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet has begun, kicking off what they say will be a centuries-long, "unstoppable" process that could raise sea levels by as much as 4 m (15 ft). The glacier serves as a linchpin for the rest of the West Antarctic Ice sheet, which has enough frozen mass to cause another 10 to 13 feet (3 to 4 meters) of sea level rise. Many locations will have environments at higher risk as temperature increases and sea level rises, as hypothesized. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Haye, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
A TORNADO STRIKES HATTISBURG, MISSISSIPPI (USA)SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 2013. The peak of the annual tornado season is usually late winter through midsummer,…. But tornadoes can happen any time of the year when the atmospheric conditions are right. Both spring and winter weather are creating favorable conditions for devastating tornadoes. Presentation courtesy of Dr Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
A case-control study of injuries arising from the earthquake in Armenia, 1988
H.K. Armenian, E.K. Noji, & A.P. Oganesian.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 70(2): 251-257 (1992)
The study attempts to identify predictors of injuries among persons who were hospitalized following the Armenian earthquake of 7 December 1988. A total of 189 such individuals were identified through neighbourhood polyclinics in the city of Leninakan and 159 noninjured controls were selected from the same neighbourhoods. A standardized interview questionnaire was used. Cases and controls shared many social and demographic characteristics; however, 98% of persons who were hospitalized with injuries were inside a building at the time of the earthquake, compared with 83% of the controls (odds ratio = 12.20, 95% confidence interval (Cl) = 3.62-63.79). The odds ratio of injuries for individuals who were in a building that had five or more floors, compared with those in lower buildings, was 3.65 (95% Cl = 2.12-6.33). Leaving buildings after the first shock of the earthquake was a protective behaviour. The odds ratio for those staying indoors compared with those who ran out was 4.40 (95% Cl = 2.24-8.71).
Ettekanne humanistlikku kooli käsitleval konverentsil koos rühmatöö juhendiga. Keskendub koolikliima ja koolirõõmu mõistmisele, uurimisele ja edendamise võimalustele.