This document contains information about English TOEFL lessons on grammar topics such as subject and verb, object of preposition, present and past participles, and multiple clause sentences. It provides definitions, examples, and practice exercises for each topic. Students are asked to make their own sentences using the grammar structures and to identify the correct connectors between clauses in sample sentences. The purpose is to teach and practice important English grammar concepts for the TOEFL test.

1. ENGLISH TOEFL
MEETING 1
DR.HJ.NOOR EKA CHANDRA, M.PD

5. PRACTICE : SUBJECT & VERB
•Make your sentences using subject &
verb

7. OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
• Sebuah object of preposition ialah noun atau kata ganti benda/pronoun yang terletak setelah
• preposition. Preposition antara lain about, in, at, of, to, for, by, behind, on dan lain lain.
•

9. PRACTICE
•Make your own sentences by using object of
preposition

14. PRACTICE
•Make your own sentences by using
Appositives

15. PRESENT PARTICIPLES
FUNGSI CIRI CONTOH KALIMAT
Verb diikuti to be
(is/am/are, was/were)
The girl is screaming loudly.
Adjective tidak diikuti to be
(is/am/are, was/were)
The girl screaming loudly is my friend.
The screaming girl is my friend.
Present participles ialah bentuk –ing dari verb. Present
participles bisa digunakan di dua situasi.

16. The film appearing at the local theater is
my favorite.
(A) now
(B) is
(C) it
(D) was
PENJELASAN
 Dalam kalimat sudah ada the film sebagai subject dan is sebagai verb.
 Oleh karena itu, tidak perlu verb seperti (B) is dan (D) was, dan tidak perlu
subject (C) it.
 Sehingga jawaban yang tepat ialah A. now

18. PAST PARTICIPLES
• Past participles ialah bentuk –ed dari verb. Past participles bisa digunakan di berbagai situasi.
•
FUNGSI POSISI CONTOH KALIMAT
Simple Past/V2 setelah subject She painted this picture yesterday.
Past Participlesof a
Verb/V3
setelah to be
(is/am/are, was/were)
This picture is painted by her.
setelah have
(have, has, having, had)
She has painted this picture before.
(perfect)
Adjective sebelum preposition This picture painted by her is
setelah to be
(is/am/are, was/were)
I am obsessed with this picture.
(feeling)

19. The bread baked this morning is delicious.
(A) has
(B) was
(C) it
(D) just
PENJELASAN
 Sudah ada the bread sebagai subject dan is sebagai
verb.
 Oleh karena itu tidak perlu verb seperti (A) has dan
(B) was, dan tidak perlu subject (C) it.
 Sehingga jawaban paling tepat ialah D. just.

21. NOW YOUR TURN !!
•Make 2 sentences each that related
to present participle and past
participle

22. SENTENCES WITH MULTIPLE CLAUSES / KALIMAT DENGAN BEBERAPAKLAUSA
• Apabila ada lebih dari satu klausa maka diperlukan kata penghubung atau connectors.
• COORDINATE CONNECTORS
FUNGSI CONTOH
for reason (alasan) Everyone is laughing, for the TV show is
and addition (tambahan) We studied Math, and took English exam
yesterday.
nor disjunction (negatif) I don’t expect children to be rude, nor
expectto be disobeyed.
but contrast (kontras) I want a new shirt, but I don’t have money.
or option (pilihan) She will stay here, or she will go back to her
home.
yet non cause-effect (tidak berakibat) Nindi always sleeps late, yet he wakes up so
early.
so cause-effect (sebab-akibat) Kamal cheated with another girl, so we
up.

23. ADVERB CLAUSE CONNECTORS
DIGUNAKAN UNTUK MENYATUKAN DUAATAU LEBIH KLAUSA YANG SETARA.
JENIS ADVERB CLAUSE
CONNECTORS
CONTOH
Condition/Kondisi if
in case provided
providing
unless whether
I will go if you go.
You should bring an umbrella in case it’s raining.
Raisa won’t sing unless she drinks first.
Contrast/Kontrast although
whereas even
though
while though Although I was nervous, I did my presentation well.
She is staying while he is leaving.
Manner/
Cara
As in that She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do.
Place/
Tempat
Where wherever I will go wherever you go.

24. CONTOH SOAL & PENJELASANNYA
• arrived at the library, he started the work immediately.
• (A) The student (B) When
• (C) He (D) After the student
• PENJELASAN
 Untuk melengkapi kalimat pertama perlu subject dan connector yang sesuai.
 Jawaban yang benar ialah D. After the student karena ada
connector yaitu after yangmenerangkan waktu, dan subject yaitu the
student