This document discusses various codes, conventions, and theories related to media and information. It covers technical codes used in visual media like camera angles and lighting, as well as symbolic codes that require audience inference. Written codes common in print media like headlines are also mentioned. Media messages are designed for public consumption according to how media entities want their messages perceived. The agenda-setting theory holds that media can manipulate message presentation to influence audience reception. Media also portrays and establishes impressions of various societal elements, and affects people physiologically, cognitively, and behaviorally through both uniform interpretation and varied personal backgrounds. Commercial opportunities and conflicts between media stakeholders' interests in profit versus media's responsibility to public interest are also outlined.

1. Media and Information
Languages

2. CODES
•Systems of signs that
when put together create
meaning
•Common interpretation
about things around us

3. Technical Codes
•Focus on how frames in visual media are
presented
•Camera angle
•Lens choice
•Framing
•Shutter speed
•Lighting and exposure
•Juxtaposition

4. Symbolic Codes
•Indicators that require inferences
among the audience
•Connotative implication
•Objects, setting, body language, color

6. Written Codes
•Common in print media
•Headlines, captions,
speech bubbles, style

9. CONVENTIONS
•Generally accepted ways of
doing things
•Interpretations and inferences
•Puts sense to codes

10. MEDIA MESSAGES (Designed for the public)
•Created for public consumption,
hence, these messages are designed
and disseminated in accordance to
how media entities want their
messages to be perceived

11. AGENDA-SETTING THEORY
by Maxwell McCombs
and Donald Shaws

12. •Media has the tendency to
manipulate its way of
presenting messages in order
to obtain the desired reception
from the audience
•Called “media agenda”

14. MEDIA PORTRAYALS
The power of media includes
the establishments of
impressions on various
elements in the society.

15. MEDIA AND THE AUDIENCE

16. TWO FACES OF THE AUDIENCE
1. Human Minds as Machines
-audience are like robots
-similarity of interpretation
should be necessary

17. TWO FACES OF THE AUDIENCE
2. Interpretive beings
--have the liberty to conclude
anything they want
--interpretations vary depending on
people’s background

18. Domains Affected
•Physiological
•Cognitive
•Belief
•Attitude
•Affective
•Behavior

19. MEDIA & THE
PRODUCERS/STAKEHOLDERS

20. COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES
• Media plays a major part in
terms of market reach through
commercial organizations.

21. COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES
• Even if market depends on
media in terms of public reach,
media also depends on the
market.

22. CONFLICT BETWEEN MEDIA
AND STAKEHOLDERS

23. CONFLICT OF INTEREST
• Businesses are driven by the
individual’s own interest or
egoism, while media has to
abide by its norm of delivering
public interest, or the interest of many.

24. WANT-REGARDINGNESS
• Businesses are always only after
what consumers want to know
while it is the responsibility of
the media to practice
transparency.

25. EXIT AND VOICE
• Emphasizes on choosing
between giving up on a deal
or engaging people to like
the deal