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Measurement of fluid intake and output is important for patients with acute or chronic diseases, major trauma, surgery, draining wounds, insufficient diet, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, gavage treatment, IV therapy, or oral fluid therapy. All fluids consumed and output through urinary catheters need to be carefully recorded using common containers with standardized volumes like water glasses, juice glasses, cups, bowls, pitchers, and disposable paper cups.























