This is my ICT homework

1. Means of communication
and information
technology

2.  Kentongan
Has been used for a long time,
started from kingdom of demak,
surakarta, yogyakarta and etc.
Function
To give information (code/sign) for flood, robbery,
party, celebration sign that praying time has
come.

3.  Smoke
Famous for Indian tribe in America
Function
To send secret information to a friend or foe
Sample: One cloud of smoke mean danger
three cloud of smoke mean trouble/request for
help

4.  Epigraphy and Palmyra palm
For correspondence started in period of Kutai,
Taruma Negara, Majapahit, Sriwijaya, and
Mataram Kingdom

5. Modern Communication
 A telephone and cell phone
Invented by Alexander Graham
Bell in 1876 from fix line to a
cellular phone since April 3rd 1973. Not only for
communicating, cell phone also has many
funcitions. Sending text messages, pocket
camera, video recorder, portable radio and even
your pocket PC.

6. Television
A communication media trough electronic equipment
where you can see vivid picture and hear the sound.
It gives you various information from all over the
world, invented in 1883 by Paul Nipkow from black
and white TV to colorful TV and INTERNET TV now.

7. Telegraph
Is a long distance message sender and reciver
founded by Samuel F.B. Morse and Alexander
Brain.
Telegraph uses Morse code (standard of tone,
voice, or light transmitting data by differentiating
dash and dot tap from sentence word, letter,
number and punctuation mark message.
A message sent/received is called telegram.

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11. Pager
Is personal telecomunication tool to send
and recieve short massage. Numerical
pager can only recieve one way short
massages and only consistsof a couple of
digits, just like a phone number that can
only be used to call. An alpha numerical
pager can recieve a two way short
massage service (SMS)

12. Satellite Phone
The size of satelitte phone is not as big as
GSM phone. This phone has inter-reciever
intercom function (just like walky-talky)
Equipped with an automatic scanner to
scan waves and other impressive features

13. Internet
Internet is one of most advanced products
of communication and information
technology at thnis moment . The
development of intyernet started when
computer networking technology was
created in around 1960. initially, computer
network was employed by the us force to
develop nuclear weapons

14. The history of calculation tools
 At the first, our ancestors didn;t know any numerical
symbols. Even so they had known ho to coun. For
example they counbted cattlen that they harded. Every
morning when they released the cattle , they carved lines
on the tree. Each line for animals.
Other tools that were used to count were fingers,
pebbels and knots on rope . In south america people of
inca indian use rope’s knots as numerical symbols .
Symbolizes by certain knots arragement . All the knots
arragements are called kuipu

15. The history of computer development
• The beginning of computer invention was startednby a
mathematician professor from england, charles
Babbage. Babbage made a diffrence engine that was
used to calculate diffrential equation. By using steam
energy , the engine can save program and calculate and
print the result automatically.
• In 1890 Herman Hollerith from us census bureauwas
ableto create punch card counting that uses punch card
as a data medium.
• In 1944 Howard Aiken from harvard univesity together
with business machine(IBM). Succeded in creating a
machine that was able to perform a series of arithmetic
operation automatically. This machine was called Mark I

16.  A. First generation computer was developed
during world war II . The characteristic of the
computervin this generation was that its
operating system was made specifically for
certain task.
 B. Second Generation
The seccond generation computers didn’t have
vacum tube anymore, wich was replaced by a
transistor. There was also an anti-magnetic
memory development to become smaller,faster
relieable and mor efficient in energy using,
compared to the predecessor

17. Thirs generation
Transistor ‘s componets that were used on
the second generation computer were
replaced witg integaret circuit (IC). This is
because transistor produced too much
heat that could destroy computer’s internal
partsic combined three elctronic
componets in a small silicon disc was
made from quartz sand