2.  Kentongan
Has been used for a long time, started
from kingdom of Demak, Surakarta,
Yogyakarta and etc.
Function
To give information (code/sign) for flood,
robbery, party, celebration sign that
praying time has come.

3.  Smoke
Famous for Indian tribe in America
Function
To send secret information to a friend or foe
Sample: One cloud of smoke mean danger
three……………………. Trouble/request for
help

4.  Epigraphy and Palmyra palm
For correspondence started in period of Kutai,
Taruma Negara, Majapahit, Sriwijaya, and
Mataram Kingdom

5. Modern Communication
 A telephone and cell phone
Invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876 from
fix line to a cellular phone since April 3rd 1973.
Not only for communicating, ell phone also has many
functions. Sending text messages, pocket camera,
video recorder, portable radio and even your
pocket PC.

6. Television
A communication media trough electronic equipment where
you can see vivid picture and hear the sound. It gives you
various information from all over the world, invented in 1883
by Paul Nipkow from black and white TV to colorful TV and
INTERNET TV now.

7.  Telegraph
Is a long distance message sender and reciver founded by
Samuel F.B. Morse and Alexander Brain.
Telegraph uses Morse code (standard of tone, voice, or
light transmitting data by differentiating dash and dot tap
from sentence word, letter, number and punctuation
mark message.
A message sent/received is called telegram .

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11.  Pager
is personal telecomunication tool to send and recieve short
massage. Numerical pager can only recieve one way
short massages and only consistsof a couple of digits,
just like a phone number that can only be used to call.
An alpha numerical pager can recieve a two way short
massage service (SMS)

12.  Satellite Phone
The size of satelitte phone is not as big as GSM phone.
This phone has inter-reciever intercom function (just like
walky-talky)
Equipped with an automatic scanner to scan waves and
other impressive features

13.  Internet
Internet is one of most advancedx products of
communication and information technology at thnis
moment . The development of intyernet started when
computer networking technology was created in around
1960. initially, computer network was employed by the
us force to develop nuclear weapons

14. The history of calculation tools
 At the first, our ancestors didn;t know any numerical
symbols. Even so they had known ho to coun. For
example they counbted cattlen that they harded. Every
morning when they released the cattle , they carved
lines on the tree. Each line for animals.
Other tools that were used to count were fingers, pebbels
and knots on rope . In south america people of inca
indian use rope’s knots as numerical symbols .
Symbolizes by certain knots arragement . All the knots
arragements are called kuipu

15. The history of computer development
 The beginning of computer invention was startednby a
mathematician professor from england, charles
Babbage. Babbage made a diffrence engine that was
used to calculate diffrential equation. By using steam
energy , the engine can save program and calculate and
print the result automatically.
 In 1890 Herman Hollerith from us census bureauwas
ableto create punch card counting that uses punch card
as a data medium.
 In 1944 Howard Aiken from harvard univesity together
with business machine(IBM). Succeded in creating a
machine that was able to perform a series of arithmetic
operation automatically. This machine was called Mark I

16.  A. First generation computer was developed during
world war II . The characteristic of the computervin this
generation was that its operating system was made
specifically for certain task.
 B. Second Generation
The seccond generation computers didn’t have vacum tube
anymore, wich was replaced by a transistor. There was
also an anti-magnetic memory development to become
smaller,faster relieable and mor efficient in energy
using, compared to the predecessor

17.  Thirs generation
transistor ‘s componets that were used on the second
generation computer were replaced witg integaret circuit
(IC). This is because transistor produced too much heat
that could destroy computer’s internal partsic combined
three elctronic componets in a small silicon disc was
made from quartz sand