MA Report

1. Prayer

2. DR. CECILIA SAENZ
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE
MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION
MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
SHARON MAY Q. CRUZ
COG 104
PROFESSOR TEACHER
FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS
IN ETHICS
1045 M. NAVAL STREET, SAN JOSE, NAVOTAS CITY

4. Chapter 4: Virtue Ethics

5. What is Virtue?
-are positive traits
that contribute to a
good life.

6. What is Ethics?
Ethics is based on well-
founded standards of right
and wrong that prescribe
what humans ought to do.

7. What is Virtue Ethics?
Virtue ethics is an ethical theory that
emphasizes the importance of character
and virtues in moral philosophy, rather
than focusing solely on rules (deontology)
or the consequences of actions
(consequentialism).

8. What is Virtue Ethics?
Virtue ethics focuses on the
nature and character of the
person performing the action.

9. Virtue ethics is concerned with two
questions:
1. What kind of life should I live?
2. What is the good life?

10. DR. CECILIA SAENZ
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE
MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION
MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
ALBERT P. CURIOSO
COG 104
PROFESSOR TEACHER
FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS
IN ETHICS
1045 M. NAVAL STREET, SAN JOSE, NAVOTAS CITY

13. Aristotle’s Biography
 He was born on 384 BC in Stagira,
Northern Greece.
 He was a genius, Greek philosopher,
and one of the greatest scientist of
all time.

14. Aristotle’s Biography
 When he was 17, he was sent to
Athens to pursue higher education.
 Aristotle enrolled in “The Academy”
school founded by Plato.

15. Aristotle’s Biography
 He was the star pupil at the Academy, and
stayed on at the school as an instructor for
20 years.
 Aristotle opposed some of Plato's teachings,
and when Plato died, Aristotle was not
appointed as the head of the Academy.

16. Aristotle’s Biography
 After leaving Athens, Aristotle spent some
time traveling, and possibly studying biology.
 Aristotle is said to have written 150
philosophical study. The 30 that survive touch
on an enormous range of philosophical
problems, from biology and physics to morals
to aesthetics to politics.

17. Aristotle’s Biography
 The Nicomachean Ethics is Aristotle's best-
known works on ethics.
 The title is derived from Aristotle's son,
Nicomachus, its focuses on the nature of
ethical virtue and the path to achieving a
good life.

18. DR. CECILIA SAENZ
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE
MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION
MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
GLENELYN T. DACERA
COG 104
PROFESSOR TEACHER
FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS
IN ETHICS
1045 M. NAVAL STREET, SAN JOSE, NAVOTAS CITY

20. Aristotle’s Philosophy
Aristotle's philosophy defines virtue,
referred to as "arete" in Greek word as
a state of excellence or moral
goodness, it refers to the qualities and
characteristics that enable individuals
to achieve their full potential and fulfill
their purpose of function effectively.

21. For Aristotle, "arete" – represent the
highest form of moral and intellectual
qualities, It’s a central concept of
ethical theory.

22. Example of Arete in virtue of
Courage.
Aristotle views courage as
the mean between two
extremes: Recklessness and
Cowardice.

23. Example of Arete in virtue of
Generosity.
Aristotle views courage as
the mean between two
extremes: Wastefulness and
Stinginess.

24. Types of Virtue
Aristotle categorizes virtues
into two primary
classifications: intellectual
virtues and moral virtues.

25. Distinction between moral virtues and
intellectual virtues
1. Moral Virtues: According to Aristotle, moral virtues are
traits of character that lead to good behavior and ethical
decision-making. Examples include courage, temperance,
and justice. Moral virtues are developed through habit and
practice.
2. Intellectual Virtues: These are qualities related to the
mind and intellect, such as wisdom, understanding, and
prudence. Intellectual virtues are cultivated through teaching
and learning.

26. DR. CECILIA SAENZ
GOVERNOR ANDRES PASCUAL COLLEGE
MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION
MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
MA. LOURDES I. DE GUIA
COG 104
PROFESSOR TEACHER
FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS
IN ETHICS
1045 M. NAVAL STREET, SAN JOSE, NAVOTAS CITY

27. Aristotle’s Theory of Causation
1. Aristotle believe that everything in reality
was working into telos, this was an end or a
purpose. Everything have a telos, and
something was judge as good or bad
based on how will it fulfill its purpose.

28. Aristotle’s Theory of Causation
2. Concept of Eudaimonia – This a type of
happiness, pure happiness, the ultimate
goal of being alive, full satisfaction, our
fulfillment. Everything we do is to strive to
world Eudaimonia, everything we desire

29. Aristotle’s Theory of Causation
Aristotle’s theory of causation is
foundational to his philosophy and
science, outlining how various types
of causes explain phenomena in the
natural world.

30. Aristotle identifies four distinct types of
causes, each answering a different question
about why something exists or occurs:
1. *Material Cause*: This refers to the
substance or matter out of which something
is made. For example, the material cause of
a wooden table is the wood itself.

31. 2. *Formal Cause*:
This is the form or essence of a thing,
which gives it its identity. In the case
of the table, the formal cause would
be the design or blueprint of the
table that defines what it is.

32. 3. *Efficient Cause*:
This type of cause relates to the
agent or process that brings
something into being. For example,
the carpenter who builds the table
represents the efficient cause.

33. 4. *Final Cause*:
This refers to the purpose or end for
which something exists. In the case
of the table, its final cause might be
to provide a surface for eating or
working.