Martin Luther King Jr was an American clergyman and civil rights leader who played a key role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent protest. He helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957 and led many major civil rights campaigns, including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and March on Washington. Inspired by Gandhi's success with nonviolence, King advanced this philosophy and spoke out against racial inequalities and injustice. He was assassinated in 1968, though his legacy lives on through the civil rights laws that were passed after his death.