During the last 20 years, fishmeal and fish oil replacement has become a major concern for the aquafeed industry to anticipate the exceptional aquaculture growth and the lack of marine raw materials availability forecasted for the coming years.

1. November | December 2011
Feature title: Marine based protein hydrolysate improve the performance of feeds
containing a low level of fish meal
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2. F: Protein hydrolysate Table 1: Feed formulations
FM5 +
F: Protein hydrolysate
Raw materials FM5 FM10 FM20
5%MH
the feed containing the
Amino acids profile of a Marine
highest level of fish meal
hydrolysate and a Fishmeal LT
Fish meal LT 5.00 10.00 20.00 5.00
Marine based protein hydrolysate
(FM20). (% of product)
Marine hydrolysate 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.00 This gain is explained
Corn gluten meal 17.00 15.00 12.00 15.00 by an improvement of the
improve the performance of feeds containing a low level of fish meal Wheat gluten meal 19.71 18.92 13.00 18.92
feed utilisation compared
to the treatments with no
Rapeseed meal 11.15 9.00 7.00 9.00
hydrolysate (FM5). In the
by V Fournier, M Herault, M Hervy, Aquativ, ZA du Gohélis
Soyben meal (48 CP) 17.00 15.00 13.00 15.00 same way, the substitution
56250 Elven, France, Email: vfournier@diana-aqua.com
Wheat meal 10.00 12.83 17.68 12.83 of five percent fishmeal
D
DL methionine 0.57 0.53 0.47 0.53 by five percent of hydro-
uring the last 20 years, Materials and methods Lysine HCL 1.58 1.44 1.09 1.44
lysate in the treatment
fishmeal and fish oil Three diets have been formulated FM10 resulted in a better
Monocalcium phosphate 2.48 2.08 1.19 2.08
replacement has become to contain a graded level of fish meal feed utilisation but not
a major concern for the (five percent, 10 percent and 20 Fish oil 13.20 12.88 12.26 12.88 significant.
aquafeed industry to anticipate the percent, corresponding to diets FM5, Figure 1: Feed intake in European seabass Premix 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 If the marine hydro-
fed the dietary treatments for 56 days
exceptional aquaculture growth and FM10 and FM20 respectively) while lysate and fishmeal have
the lack of marine raw materials meeting all the dietary requirements intake was not significantly influenced by very closed amino acid profiles (see Figure
availability forecasted for the coming for European seabass (see Table 1). A the feed treatments (see Figure1). 3), the analysis of the protein quality
years. fourth diet (FM5 + 5%MH) was formu- After 56 days of trial, the growth per- of both raw materials showed that the
lated from the diet FM10, five percent formance was significantly decreased (see soluble protein and peptide contribution Conclusions
The dietary level of fishmeal remains a powder marine hydrolysate replacing Figure 2) in fish fed the feed containing the are higher for the marine hydrolysate (see Protein hydrolysates represent key
key driver of the feed performance, affect- five percent fishmeal, both raw materi- lowest level of fishmeal (FM5). Figure 4). ingredients to sustain the development
ing feed palatability and feed utilization. als having the same nutritional profile This result is mainly explained by a signifi- The dietary inclusion of a high level of of highly substituted fish meal feeds. It
Year after year, the level of fishmeal (CP: 65 percent protein; crude fat: 12 cant deterioration of the feed utilisation while peptide had a clear positive effect on the could enhance significantly the feed nutri-
in feeds designed for carnivorous species percent). All the feeds had the following the dietary fishmeal decreased (see Figure 3). feed utilization by the animal, demonstrat- tional value, providing a high level of
tends to decrease and is closed to reach a specifications: crude protein: 46±0.5 Interestingly, the application of five percent ing the importance of the protein molecu- essential small soluble compounds not
critical level for growth and feed utilisation. percent, crude fat: 16±0.5 percent, marine hydrolysate allowed restoration of the lar weight profile in the performance of found in most of the non marine origin
Plant and land-based feedstuffs are now crude energy: 4900±50kcal/kg. Figure 2: Growth performance in European growth performance at the same level than raw materials and finished feeds raw materials.
commonly used in aquafeed formulations The trial was conducted in the seabass fed the dietary treatments for 56 days
with success as an alternative to fishmeal experimental flow-through facilities
but many studies have shown that balancing of IFREMER, centre de Brest, France.
the dietary amino acid profile of plant Seawater (salinity: 35g/l) was filtered
rich diets to meet the fish amino acid (high pressure sand filter) and ther-
requirements is not enough efficient to get moregulated (water temperature: 20
satisfying fish and feed performances. ± 1°C). Triplicate groups of 40 juvenile Improvement
Fish are highly responsive to the low European seabass (initial mean body
molecular weight nitrogen compounds weight: 7.6±0.1g) were reared in 24 by nature
coming from marine raw materials. They tanks of 80 one capacity (flow rate: Natural (hydrolyzed) proteins
stimulate feed intake, growth and immune three litres per minute; photoperiod:
system. 12 hours light: 12 hours dark). Figure 3: Feed conversion ratio (FCR) for aqua feed
in European seabass fed the dietary
Plant-based and land-based raw materi- Three tanks were allotted at ran-
treatments for 56 days
als are poor in these highly soluble com- dom to each diet. Whether you’re looking for a natural EU and USDA approved pellet binder for your
pounds which could explain their lack of The diets were distributed in production of stable pellets or nature’s best alternatives for fish meal, you can contact Sonac.
performance when used at a high level of excess to the fish, by automatic feeder Sonac produces valuable and essential ingredients for the production of aqua feed.
incorporation in diets. A solution to balance (Arvotech, Finland), 10 times a day, for
the level of soluble compounds and the feed 56 days. • Pro-Bind Plus a nutritional, gelatin based pellet binder, especially for pelleted (shrimp) feed.
protein molecular weight profile would be Uneaten feed were collected every • Gelko an ideal combination of hydrolyzed proteins and fat (68% protein, 18% fat).
the incorporation of an adequate level of day by home-made feed waste collectors,
• MucoPro high content of hydrolyzed proteins, amino acids and peptides (>70% protein).
marine based protein hydrolysate. pooled and kept frozen till the end of the
• Hemoglobin Powder high protein content and good digestibility, for better feed conversion.
Aquativ is specialised in the production trial. Fish were counted and weighted
of protein hydrolysate from raw materials at the beginning of the trial, every four Figure 4: Level of soluble protein and
from different origin through controlled weeks and at the end of the trial. Before protein molecular weight profile (MW,
enzymatic hydrolysis. The core expertise of every weighing, fish were fasted for 24 % of soluble protein) of fishmeal and
Aquativ makes possible to closely control hours. Survival was daily checked. Dead marine hydrolysate
the size of peptides generated during the fish were counted and weighed.
process to reach the highest performance. Over the growth period, the fol- test. Differences were considered significant
Many studies have been conducted by lowing parameters were followed and at P<0.05.
Aquativ to demonstrate the effectiveness calculated: survival, specific growth rate,
of the application of hydrolysate at graded voluntary feed intake and feed efficiency. Results and discussion
dietary level of fish meal. Some results are All data were analyzed by one-way analy- No significant difference in fish survival
presented below. sis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher was noticed at the end of the trial. Feed
20 || InternatIonal AquAFeed || november-December 2011
20 InternatIonal AquAFeed november-December 2011 november-December 2011 || InternatIonal AquAFeed || 21
november-December 2011 InternatIonal AquAFeed 21

3. Photograph © Fred Jonny Hammeroe
Welcome to ISFNF 2012 in Molde, Norway
4-7. June 2012
Welcome to Molde in 2012 for the 15th consecutive
International Symposium of Fish Nutrition and Feeding
Key areas:
■ Sustainable resources
■ Health, welfare and ethics
■ New methods and working-tools
Amino Acids
■ Feed technology and feeding regime
■ Nutrigenomics
■ ‘omics’ data and system biology models Headquarters Choosing the right nutrients for your Aquafeed
Evonik Industries AG
■ Nutritoxicology Health & Nutrition
feed additives Our amino acids help to
Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 • replace costly and scarce raw materials
■ Nutrition in whole life cycle
63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
phone +49 6181 59-2256 • improve protein balance and production efficiency
fax +49 6181 59-6734 • reduce environmental pollution
Europe & Middle East Africa +49 6181 59-6766
Latin America +49 6181 59-6761
Photograph © Terje Rakke
Some conference ingredients: feed-additives@evonik.com | www.evonik.com/feed-additives
North America +1 678 797-4300
Asia North +86 10 85 27-6400
■ Get updated on the latest research on fish nutrition and Asia South +65 6890-6861
feeding
■ Mingle with the 500 leading fish nutritionists in the world
■ Pre symposium tour to visit industry
■ 4 post symposium sight seeing tours in the beautiful Nofima will host the event along with the Aquaculture
coastal fjords Protein Centre (APC), the National Institute of Nutrition
and Seafood Research (NIFES), the Norwegian
School of Veterinary Science (NVH) and the
Norwegian University of Life Sciences (UMB).
Please submit your abstract at www.isfnf.org by 20th January 2012
18 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | november-December 2011

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