Marenče - Meteorološke katastrofe u slovenačkim šumama - Kako pristupiti obnovi u našim specifičnim uslovima

2. MEĐUNARODNO SAVETOVANJE
ŠUMSKO INŽENJERSTVO JUGOISTOČNE EVROPE - STANJE I IZAZOVI
28-30. oktobar 2015, Goč, Srbija
Meteorological disasters in Slovenian forests
- How to approach the restoration in our
specific conditions
Jurij Marenče

Key words:
• meteorological disaster,
• ice storm,
• restoration,
• private forest,
• small forest land,
• quality of wood,
• accidents,
• technology.

A numerous climate changes, meteorological
events.
Disturbances in forests are not something new!
The intensity, the frequency - visibly increasing.
Damaged trees and forest floor - increasing.
What to expect in the future?
A strong likelihood of an increased
number of meteorological disasters…!?
The ice storm in 2014 - affected the
highest number of Slovenian forests
so far. The largest in terms of scope,
the quantity of damaged trees.

Natural disasters - structure of logging in forests?
Two periods:
• 1995-1999 period, 2 million m3 , snow and ice storm damage.
• Year 2003.
• Year 2008, heavy windthrow, 500,000 m3 of felled trees.

Shares of logging - different by forest management
areas (regular logging, biotic and abiotic factors, fires).
We cannot change weather!
Stand conditions???
Natural structure of tree species,
vertical and horizontal structure of forest stands,
only reduce, not prevent .

The 2014 ice storm and restoration
• The heaviest storm ice in the history (30.1.–10.2.2014).
• Contribution of snow, heavy rain a few day before.
• The most intensive 1.–2.2.2014, glaze ice until 5.2.2014.
• In the area of Pivka - up to 8 cm.
• Up to 500 m, above 1200 m forest remained unaffected.

Estimation two months after the disaster (ZGS):
• 9.3 million m3 (one third coniferous trees).
• The highest amount of damaged wood mass:
• Ljubljana (2.4 million m3),
• Postojna (2.1 million m3),
• Tolmin (1.8 million m3),
• Kranj 1.0 million m3).
It represents more than a two-year annual cut
quantity in all Slovenian forests!?
Spruce and beech trees
- the most affected trees species.

Ownership structure of the
affected forests
• Affected forests:
• private forests 515,400 ha, state forests - 83,000 ha.
• 7.86 million m3 (84%) in private forests,
• 1.46 million m3 (16%) in state forests.
• Quick restoration???
• Plus:
• fragmented forest
land,
• poor equipment,
• qualification of the
majority of forest
owners to work in
forest.

The urgency of salvage logging compared to the
10-year annual cut.
Areas with a private ownership structure are mainly
overlapping with those heavily affected by this ice
storm.

From review of the current restoration progress,
October 2015.
• Refers to the February 2014 – October 2015.
• Estimation: 9.3 million m3 damaged tree.
• Almost 4.0 million m3 of wood (43%) restorated.
• The share of coniferous tree 67%, deciduous trees
31%.
• One part of damaged mass will stay in forest:
 approximately 25% of such trees,
 in difficult terrain with heavy
skidding conditions,
 skidding costs higher than
the income,
 where forest owners are not interested in or
qualified to work in so demanding conditions.

Safe restoration after the disaster?
Most of the damaged wood is in the private
ownership!?
Constantly activities in the field of education on the safe
work in forest!!! Realized by Slovenian Forest Servis.
Majority of accidents occur during logging operations!

Number of fatal accidents by years
From review of the restoration progress - May 2015:
• Jan-May 2015: 5 fatal accidents, private forest owners.
• These year's fatal accidents are also limited mainly to the
areas of restoration of glaze ice damages.
• 3 accidents - felling, 2- skidding operations (14???)

The data of accidents, particular during felling
operations, indicate the need and necessity to search
for technological solutions in the field of timber harvesting.
The ownership structure also forces us to find different, better
and also safer solutions.
Application of modern technologies in the
private and fragmented forest land?
Cooperation between forest owners?
Selected criteria - 54,460 ha of private forests were determined.
Data related to the whole country!
Many of them in central and west part of the country.

In 2014, Slovenia avoided large-scale damages in
forests caused by bark beetles also due to cold
and humid weather.
But this year???

The reforestation - in approximately 900 ha of forest
area, i.e. 6% of all areas that will have to be restored in
Slovenia after the ice storm.

Hvala lepa za pozornost.
sl.wikipedia.org

Marenče - Meteorološke katastrofe u slovenačkim šumama - Kako pristupiti obnovi u našim specifičnim uslovima

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