The document outlines various strategies and models for managing universal access funds for telecommunications in Cameroon, highlighting the importance of aggregate demand for connectivity and power in unserved localities. It details a comprehensive process for analyzing access gaps in ICT, including data collection, model development, and the identification of market conditions and barriers to service delivery. Additionally, it discusses specific telecommunications projects funded through different intervention methodologies across various regions, emphasizing the collaboration between local and international entities to enhance ICT accessibility and sustainability.

1. Management of Universal Access Funds for Telecommunications Regulatory Board of Cameroon Module 7: Intervention models and formats 7 – 9 February 2011

2. Non Financial Interventions by USAF Demand Aggregator Even in unserved localities there is an unmet demand Particularly the public sector need connectivity and can afford market rates If this demand is aggregated, an operator may find it commercially viable to connect the locality Power Aggregator Lack of power is a key impediment to network rollout Power is required by many others; hospitals, schools etc If the requirements are aggregated, a common power facility can be built from which the network operator can draw power

3. Access Gap Model The resources of USAFs are limited but the needs are enormous Effectiveness of a USAF will depend on how well it utilises its resources to address these needs For that it is imperative to focus the intervention strategies of the USAF on areas/services that provide the greatest benefit to the largest number of people Access Gap analysis provides an analytical framework to develop intervention strategies that has the highest impact The Model will help identify not only the geographical areas that need support but the types of services

4. Access Gap Model

5. Access Gap Model Market Gap - where market conditions should be able to provide service on a cost-effective, commercially profitable basis Access Gap - areas where access cannot be provided entirely by market forces Market Efficiency Frontier - the theoretical boundary where commercial viability reaches its limit Sustainability Frontier – boundary between areas where services can become sustainable after some initial one-time subsidy, and those where supply and demand conditions cannot, at present, yield sustainable service without ongoing subsidies. The best start is the identification of existing “gaps” in rural ICT access, usage, applications, and ultimately, benefits for citizens

6. Process of Access Gap Study 1 Data Collection : collect geographic and demographic data which define the structure of the country and its ICT markets; Distribution of population centres by population and geographic size (sq. km); Estimate of current degree (%) of availability of and usage of different networks/services within each geographic/population group: Fixed; Mobile; public access; internet etc Indicators of demand potential for services, including public awareness, interest, and capacity to utilize these services; Status of other basic infrastructure: roads, electricity, etc.; Other market and economic factors, such as household income, employment, education, etc.

7. Process of Access Gap Study 2 Model Development : A spreadsheet model to simulate and estimate the economic characteristics of the various ICT market segments Broken down by geographic districts and population centers Resulting in identifying m arket and access gaps for each major category of ICT service, by region Calculate the approximate net subsidy cost to close the identified gaps

8. Process of Access Gap Study 3 Analysis of Market Conditions and Access Gaps : Using the model and data, the USAF conduct an in-depth analysis of the various ICT market segments in the country and find out How effectively has the market penetrated and what are the opportunities for growth Where, and how large, are the current gaps for services To what extent are these gaps within the market efficiency frontier (market gap), and what factors are preventing commercial delivery of services in these locations? Where are the true Access Gaps How much subsidy is required to close the Gaps To what degree can services become sustainable

9. Access Gap Model – the CTO Approach Currently the CTO is carrying out an Access Gap study in Sierra Leone for the National Communications Commission CTO’s approach is to conduct the study on a Competency Transfer Basis by training the local staff to handle the model themselves It allows the USAF to update the model by themselves Over a period of time the USAF will develop a competency to keep the Access Gap analysis relevant to fast changing market conditions and to adopt strategies accordingly Thus assuring the effectiveness of the Universal Service/Access framework

10. Access Gap Model – the CTO Approach Phase CTO Member/USAF Data Collection Support role Develop the data collection methodology Monitor progress and provide advice Lead role Use local personnel to collect primary data Model Development Lead role Customise the generic model to suit the specific country Support role Provide country-specific information for customisation Analysis & Identification of Access Gap Joint lead Operate the model to identify Gaps Joint lead Feed the data in to the model Training Lead role Train local staff to operate the model in future Support role Provide competent staff to be trained

11. Interventions Methodologies RCDF Allocation Smart subsidies /Reverse Auction Identification of localities Where service provision is unlikely to be provided by operators within the next 1-2 years without subsidies Types of projects financed - Telephony - Telecentres - Internet PoPs - Internet exchange points - Internet cafes - Public payphones Content development School Internet Access

12. Interventions Methodologies USPF Allocation Reverse Auction Competitive Bidding Process Top-Down Process for some project initiations Bottom-Up Process for some project initiations

13. Interventions Methodologies GIFEC Allocation Competitive Bidding Process Some Projects are Open Tender Public-Private-Partnerships used Requires Minimum Number of Bidders Supports Initial Capital Investments and Start-Up Costs Subject To Long-Term Sustainability Assessment Types of projects financed Rural Telecentres Public Telephony Internet PoP

14. RCDF Areas of Focus RCDF projects have been implemented in all districts of Uganda under the following program areas: Internet Points of Presence (POP) Public payphones Research projects Postal support projects Multipurpose Community Tele-center (MCTs) Schools ICT facilities Health Care ICT facilities Portals Local governance enhancement projects GSM Network Expansion projects

15. ICT Training centers and Internet cafes Pastoral Media ICT and Internet Café in Amuria district Separate @RCDF but present as combined on the ground Offer standard services(common packages training, internet/min,) Total number = 229 In all viable small towns of Uganda Multiplier factor = 5 in 3 years Power + Internet reliability a critical factor Business acumen of implementers also a CSF

16. Internet PoPs MTN mast at Tororo town, Tororo district At all district towns except Kampala and Mukono (78) 400/100kbps CDMA/WiMax overlays on GSM networks Small number of optimal users Quality of Service often not satisfactory

17. District web portals The Mityana district web portal home page For all districts except Kampala and Masaka Includes a national web portal Format = districtname.go.ug Handed over to districts Some districts not fully appreciating the value of the portals Perceived too technical for some districts Include a translated version Districts like Lira & Rukungiri have even redesigned theirs

18. Public Pay Phones A Standard public pay phone at Oyarotonge, Pader district Two main types 1- Standard type (Call only) Solar powered/grid powered Card/Coin based 2- CICs ( Call and Receive) Included n/w expansion to 154 underserved sub counties, with 60 sites Solar powered/grid powered Card/Coin based Call termination support facilities(Bicycle, notice board, etc) Battery charging services Etc included A CIC in Kisozi, Kamwenge district

19. Research Research done so far Demand driven Provides guidance for rural ICT implementation Results available to all A Profile of Uganda's Internet and ICT Usage Rural Socio Economic Networks and Mobile Cellular Telephones Electronic Library Study Baseline Survey on Postal Services in Uganda Study on the Socio-Impact of the ICT in Uganda/of RCDF Projects

20. Multi-Purpose Communities Tele-centres Alliance High School MCT in Soroti district Modified from the standard format (Nakaseke type) Not a popular model Has sustainability issues Suited for the very remote places (Bottom up roll out)

21. School ICT Laboratories ICT Lab architectural designs Scope= Govt S.S. = 1,000, Pvt = 4,000; Pri sch = 12,000 Baseline = 1% covered RCDF 206 ICT lab covered Govt Sec sch a priority Two models used 1Solar powered (10 computers) Standard grid powered (40 w/stations) High risk of burglary Schools have fully embraced Still a politically sensitive project Standard ICT Lab Solar powered ICT Lab

22. Sample School ICT Laboratories Bubulo Girls ICT lab in Manafwa district Pilikington College, Kamuli district

23. Health Facilities ICT Projects E-health = HMIS + Telemedicine (HMIS = MoH + DMO) (Telemedicine = Hospitals+ referrals) Solar powered Three phased approach Isingiro district pilot for full scale Telemedicine Main constraint = broad band and medical staff

24. BPO - Call Centres Architectural arrangement One pilot call centre planned 50 Agents 200 Seats Designed around 4 servers Communication Server ERP Application Server Data Base Server Gateway Server Email Server Quality & Productivity Checkers Power Dedicated Backup UPS * suitable interface devices depending upon the services Internet Leased Line 128Kbps DRS Firewall Data Centre IT Infra-structure PABX * Phone Equipments * CT Infra-structure

25. Content Development - Emerging Determination of acceleration due to gravity ,g, using a spring employing virtual tools A focus for RCDF Policy II Areas of focus: Science school virtual laboratories School resource sharing Agricultural content Medical/medicinal content

26. USAASA Mandate For South Africans: A need exists to ensure equality in access to the ICT services by all people in SA including the Internet for education and sustainable livelihood purposes A Sustainable rural upliftment relies on the infrastructure underpinning any business – ICT is a key success factor For Government: Must show tangible or radically restructure the service delivery infrastructure Economic growth and socio-economic development including educational goals will be highly dependent on ICT infrastructure across the country

27. USAASA Interventions and Areas of Focus Community Access Centres Over 12500 community members connected through the Thusong Service Centre Programme, Through the Thusong Service Centre Programme – 8 new centres deployed Handover of access centre strategy completed Assessment of 31 business plans on ownership currently being finalised Cyberlabs A total of 68 schools were connected - 2720 computers and related equipment supplied giving access to over 40 000 learners and 700 educators A total of 33 schools were rehabilitated (this include installation of new ICT infrastructure such as computers, photocopiers, internet, etc) Payment of subsidy to Mindset Network to rollout equipment and training in 15 schools

28. Further Education and Training Colleges 18 FET Colleges subsidised at R150 000 (internet connectivity) for a total of R2,5m Monitoring and Evaluation of the project as part of assessing future subsidy is continuing. Training 100 Access Centre personnel trained on business management, entrepreneurship and advanced technical computer skills 50 Access Centre personnel trained to assist in the accreditation of access centres as recognised by ISETT SETA USAASA Interventions and Areas of Focus

29. Universal Service Obligations 50% E-rate subsidy payments to 344 for internet connectivity to schools were made Reviewed the current licence obligations conducted in collaboration with the Department of Communications , ICASA and the MDDA. Under Serviced Area Licences Subsided under –serviced area licences. USAASA Interventions and Areas of Focus

30. GIFEC Mandate, Interventions and Areas of Focus GIFEC is to provide financial resources for the establishment of universal service and access for all communities And to facilitate the provision of basic telephony, internet service, multimedia service broadband and broadcasting to these communities 05/11/11 GIFEC is implementing the following projects under the UAECP Common telecommunications facility project. Community information centers project The last mile initiative project The schools connectivity project Rural payphone project Easy business centres

31. GIFEC Interventions and Areas of Focus 05/11/11 PROJECT PLAN FOR 2010 PLAN FOR 2012 CTF 20 90 LMI 5 12 SCP 80 200 LIBRARY PROJECT 20 83 POST OFFICE CON 20 80 EASY BUSINESS 40 100 RURAL PAY PHONES ICT INCLUSIVENESS 2,500 5000 PERSONS TRAINED IN BASIC ICT SKILLS 15,000 15,000 PERSONS TRAINED

32. USPF Mandate, Interventions and Areas of Focus USPF was formed under the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) by telecom Act 2003 to facilitate rapid achievement of national policy goals for universal access, coverage and service to telecommunications information and communications technologies (ICTs). The agency began operations in 2006 .

33. USFP Interventions and Areas of Focus

34. USFP Interventions and Areas of Focus

35. USFP Interventions and Areas of Focus