This document summarizes a research study on the management activities and perspectives of private forest landowners in New York State. The study found:
1) Most forest land in New York is privately owned, and decisions by the over half a million private owners collectively shape the landscape.
2) Private owners value their land for scenery, privacy, recreation, and wildlife habitat. Rural owners placed more importance on harvesting wood and hunting/fishing.
3) Common past management activities included harvesting firewood, posting land, and maintaining boundaries. Rural owners were more likely than urban owners to conduct thinning, timber harvesting, and cutting firewood.
4) For future plans, harvesting firewood was most popular
weyerhaeuser UBS Global Paper & Forest Products Conference Presentationfinance15
The document summarizes presentations from Dan Fulton, President and CEO of Weyerhaeuser, and Patty Bedient, CFO of Weyerhaeuser, at a UBS forestry conference. Fulton discussed how Weyerhaeuser manages its timberlands sustainably to produce wood products while providing ecosystem benefits, and is exploring opportunities in areas like biofuels and emerging energy sources. Bedient provided a financial update on Weyerhaeuser's debt and cash levels and discussed the potential for a REIT conversion.
The document discusses various sustainability initiatives in Cosmo City, South Africa. It describes solar water heaters and energy efficient ceilings installed in 700 homes to reduce carbon emissions. It also mentions plans to install 14 rainwater collectors and continue tree planting. The economy section notes informal trading issues due to a lack of facilities and discusses the need for local economic development. Regarding health care, it summarizes current private clinic services and plans to open a public health clinic to serve poorer residents.
George Osborne presented his third Budget on March 21st, 2012. Some of the key points included a further increase to the personal tax allowance, a 1% cut to the main corporation tax rate, and a reduction of the additional income tax rate from 50% to 45% beginning in 2013. The Budget also outlined plans to tax Child Benefit for households earning over £50,000 and proposals for tax simplification for small businesses.
This document provides guidance on making tourist accommodations more accessible and profitable by catering to visitors with disabilities or accessibility needs. It discusses 5 stages of the visitor experience and recommends low-cost changes at each stage, from marketing, booking, travel assistance, accessibility upon arrival, and feedback. Specific tips include describing accessible features on websites and brochures, offering flexible booking options, providing travel instructions, ensuring accessibility in entryways, seating, and rooms. The document emphasizes that accessibility benefits all visitors and promotes loyalty and return customers.
This document outlines a project aimed at improving food security in rural communities in Mozambique. The project will target 500 vulnerable households in Benga Village using participatory and gender-sensitive approaches. It seeks to achieve this overall purpose by providing skills training to assist communities in sustainable farming techniques to diversify and increase food production. A multidimensional strategy incorporates local organization, market access, agriculture practices, monitoring, and disaster risk reduction. Implementation will involve participatory learning, capacity building, demonstration plots, and monitoring of household indicators.
weyerhaeuser UBS Global Paper & Forest Products Conference Presentationfinance15
The document summarizes presentations from Dan Fulton, President and CEO of Weyerhaeuser, and Patty Bedient, CFO of Weyerhaeuser, at a UBS forestry conference. Fulton discussed how Weyerhaeuser manages its timberlands sustainably to produce wood products while providing ecosystem benefits, and is exploring opportunities in areas like biofuels and emerging energy sources. Bedient provided a financial update on Weyerhaeuser's debt and cash levels and discussed the potential for a REIT conversion.
The document discusses various sustainability initiatives in Cosmo City, South Africa. It describes solar water heaters and energy efficient ceilings installed in 700 homes to reduce carbon emissions. It also mentions plans to install 14 rainwater collectors and continue tree planting. The economy section notes informal trading issues due to a lack of facilities and discusses the need for local economic development. Regarding health care, it summarizes current private clinic services and plans to open a public health clinic to serve poorer residents.
George Osborne presented his third Budget on March 21st, 2012. Some of the key points included a further increase to the personal tax allowance, a 1% cut to the main corporation tax rate, and a reduction of the additional income tax rate from 50% to 45% beginning in 2013. The Budget also outlined plans to tax Child Benefit for households earning over £50,000 and proposals for tax simplification for small businesses.
This document provides guidance on making tourist accommodations more accessible and profitable by catering to visitors with disabilities or accessibility needs. It discusses 5 stages of the visitor experience and recommends low-cost changes at each stage, from marketing, booking, travel assistance, accessibility upon arrival, and feedback. Specific tips include describing accessible features on websites and brochures, offering flexible booking options, providing travel instructions, ensuring accessibility in entryways, seating, and rooms. The document emphasizes that accessibility benefits all visitors and promotes loyalty and return customers.
This document outlines a project aimed at improving food security in rural communities in Mozambique. The project will target 500 vulnerable households in Benga Village using participatory and gender-sensitive approaches. It seeks to achieve this overall purpose by providing skills training to assist communities in sustainable farming techniques to diversify and increase food production. A multidimensional strategy incorporates local organization, market access, agriculture practices, monitoring, and disaster risk reduction. Implementation will involve participatory learning, capacity building, demonstration plots, and monitoring of household indicators.
The survey assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of New York municipal officials regarding climate change. The key findings were:
1) Over half of officials felt moderately informed about climate change, though most want more localized impact information.
2) While officials agree climate change is affecting New York, three-quarters felt there was insufficient guidance on local responses.
3) Only 24% of municipalities have taken action, most common being energy efficiency, tree planting, and flood preparation.
4) Officials want more localized data on impacts and adaptation strategies, delivered through trusted sources like extension services.
This document summarizes a survey of rural landowners in upstate New York regarding their perceptions of climate change. The survey found that respondents perceived negative impacts of climate change as more serious than positive impacts. Women, liberals, and those in the Adirondack region perceived greater risks from climate change than other groups. Perceived knowledge of climate change was higher among men, younger respondents, and farmers. The results suggest tailored outreach on climate change is needed for different rural audiences.
Community Adaptation to Flooding in a Changing Climate:
Municipal Officials’ Actions, Decision-Making, and Barriers. By Gretchen Gary and Shorna Allred, Cornell University, and Elizabeth LoGiudice, Allison Chatrchyan, Rosemarie Baglia, Theresa Mayhew,
Dianne Olsen, and Marilyn Wyman, Cornell Cooperative Extension.
This document summarizes the results of a survey of streamside landowners in the Hudson Valley. Over 500 landowners completed the mail survey, while 50 non-respondents completed a phone survey. The majority of respondents owned over 500 feet of streamside land and had owned the land for over 10 years. Common uses of streamside land were woodlands, recreation, and natural beauty. Respondents reported experiencing occasional flooding, with most spending under $5,000 on flood repairs. Causes of flooding varied, with heavy rain seen as the primary cause. Respondents understood their risk of flooding but did not view flooding as a major current problem. Removing debris from streams was seen as the most positive stream management activity.
Municipal officials in the Hudson Valley region of New York face barriers in adapting to increased flooding from climate change. Over half of officials are still in the understanding phase of adaptation. The most common barriers are lack of funding, complex government regulations, and lack of knowledge about local flood risks and options. Officials have taken some actions like emergency planning but need more information and partnerships to advance planning. Educational workshops effectively increased officials' knowledge of proper stream management techniques. Future efforts should provide data on local climate impacts and help navigate resources to support adaptation.
This presentation will focus on data gathered from a survey and in-depth interviews with Hudson Valley municipal
officials. The goal of this project was to determine Hudson Valley local government officials’ attitudes toward climate
change and perceptions of climate change taking place in their communities. We also determined local government
officials’ views of risks, vulnerabilities, and issues associated with climate change as it will impact the natural resources
and infrastructure under their jurisdiction. We will discuss what actions local governments are taking to mitigate and
adapt to climate change as well as why some are not. Results also show local government officials’ views of adaptations
and policy options which might address issues resulting from climate change. We also offer suggestions on the most
effective ways of reaching municipal officials with information about climate change threats at a local level – including
the resources that will help local government officials implement solutions and adaptations. Presentation by Shorna Allred, Allison Chatrchyan, and Maureen Mullen. August 13, 2012, Hudson Valley Climate Action Network, Norrie Point Environmental Center, Staatsburg, NY
The survey assessed the need for and structure of a proposed New York State Master Watershed Steward program. Most respondents were involved in watershed management as volunteers or staff of watershed organizations. They identified important training needs like acquiring funds, working with political structures, and watershed assessment and planning. Over three-quarters of respondents thought there was a need for the program. When asked about program structure, respondents were split in their preference for potential names but slightly favored "Watershed Steward Academy."
This document discusses shrubland habitats and the importance of conserving them to protect wildlife species. It provides examples of species that rely on shrublands, such as New England cottontail rabbits, American woodcocks, and golden-winged warblers. The document recommends stewardship guidelines for landowners to help maintain and enhance shrubland habitats on their property, such as limiting mowing and allowing young trees and shrubs to grow.
1) Small individual landowner decisions collectively impact water quality through nonpoint source pollution. An outreach campaign targeting behaviors like fertilizer use, stormwater management, and septic system maintenance can help improve water quality.
2) A survey of 1,422 landowners in the Wappinger Creek Watershed found high awareness but low adoption of behaviors like using phosphate-free fertilizer and capturing rainwater. Lack of knowledge was a major barrier.
3) Recommendations include workshops on rain barrels/gardens, educating on fertilizer guidelines and the new phosphate law, and addressing misconceptions about septic system maintenance. Addressing barriers through hands-on learning and social marketing principles can
Landowners and municipal officials in the Wappinger Creek Watershed were surveyed about their perceptions of water quality issues in the area. [1] Municipal officials generally perceived problems as more severe than landowners. [2] The top concerns for officials were sediment deposition, road salt runoff, and garbage in water bodies. [3] Landowners' top concerns were garbage in water bodies, septic tank seepage, and pesticides in water. Understanding these perceptions can help officials create effective policies and communication around water quality issues.
Municipal officials and landowners in the Wappinger Creek Watershed were surveyed about their support for various land use and water quality protection policies. Both groups showed strong support for regulatory tools like restricting development in floodplains as well as environmental planning tools like following sustainable development principles. Their levels of support differed somewhat for certain tools. Overall, both stakeholders agreed that protecting water resources provides benefits like maintaining natural beauty and healthy habitat. However, they had more neutral views about whether it requires tradeoffs with economic development. The survey results can help inform outreach and policy efforts to balance growth and watershed protection in the region.
The document summarizes a study on community views of urban forests in the South Bronx, New York. It finds that residents generally have positive views of trees and their neighborhood forests. They appreciate trees' benefits like shade and fruit but want more trees planted and better maintenance. While few residents had participated in tree programs before, most expressed interest in future planting and care opportunities. They want to learn more about the environmental and health benefits of urban forests.
Woodland owners who interacted with other landowners were more likely to cooperate on forestry activities and have higher forestry knowledge than those who did not interact. A survey of woodland owners and Master Forest Owner Volunteers found that over two-thirds interacted with other forest owners, most commonly a few times per year. The most common cooperative activities were watching for trespassers, allowing access to hunt or recreate, and improving wildlife habitat. Landowner programs that facilitate interaction, such as the Master Forest Owner Volunteer Program, are associated with higher rates of cooperation and forestry knowledge than woodland owners in general.
The New York Master Forest Owner Volunteer Program aims to train woodland owners to better manage their forests and motivate other owners through peer education. A survey found the program successful in developing volunteers' skills, with 76% assuming leadership roles in forestry organizations. Volunteers conducted over 1,500 on-site visits since 1991, discussing forest management with landowners and influencing over 23,000 acres. Landowners found visits credible and recommended the program. Volunteers felt the program helped their own forest decision-making and community outreach goals.
This document summarizes a research study on the information access and preferences of private forest landowners in New York State. Some key findings:
1) Urban forest landowners expressed higher levels of preference for information on various forestry topics like wildlife management, woodlot management, and taxes than rural landowners.
2) The most preferred topics for information among all landowners were wildlife management, woodlot management, thinning, landowner liability, and pests/diseases.
3) Popular sources of forestry information that landowners said they would likely use in the future included brochures, fact sheets from the NY Department of Environmental Conservation, and advice from professional foresters.
Peer learning programs for woodland owners in New York State, like the Master Forest Owner Volunteer program, can positively influence forest management. A survey found woodland owners reported taking several actions after discussions with Volunteers, most commonly seeking additional forestry information, setting forest goals, and improving wildlife habitat. They were also more likely to create management plans and consult forestry professionals. While peer learning is cost-effective and can facilitate knowledge sharing, more research is needed to better understand its impacts and how to expand existing peer networks.
This is a presentation given at a stakeholder meeting to discuss community views of watershed management in the Wappinger Creek Watershed in the Hudson Valley, New York, May 2010.
This presentation focuses on education evaluation research on forestry webinars. This presentation was given at the NY Society of American Foresters Conference, January 2010, Syracuse, NY.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
The survey assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of New York municipal officials regarding climate change. The key findings were:
1) Over half of officials felt moderately informed about climate change, though most want more localized impact information.
2) While officials agree climate change is affecting New York, three-quarters felt there was insufficient guidance on local responses.
3) Only 24% of municipalities have taken action, most common being energy efficiency, tree planting, and flood preparation.
4) Officials want more localized data on impacts and adaptation strategies, delivered through trusted sources like extension services.
This document summarizes a survey of rural landowners in upstate New York regarding their perceptions of climate change. The survey found that respondents perceived negative impacts of climate change as more serious than positive impacts. Women, liberals, and those in the Adirondack region perceived greater risks from climate change than other groups. Perceived knowledge of climate change was higher among men, younger respondents, and farmers. The results suggest tailored outreach on climate change is needed for different rural audiences.
Community Adaptation to Flooding in a Changing Climate:
Municipal Officials’ Actions, Decision-Making, and Barriers. By Gretchen Gary and Shorna Allred, Cornell University, and Elizabeth LoGiudice, Allison Chatrchyan, Rosemarie Baglia, Theresa Mayhew,
Dianne Olsen, and Marilyn Wyman, Cornell Cooperative Extension.
This document summarizes the results of a survey of streamside landowners in the Hudson Valley. Over 500 landowners completed the mail survey, while 50 non-respondents completed a phone survey. The majority of respondents owned over 500 feet of streamside land and had owned the land for over 10 years. Common uses of streamside land were woodlands, recreation, and natural beauty. Respondents reported experiencing occasional flooding, with most spending under $5,000 on flood repairs. Causes of flooding varied, with heavy rain seen as the primary cause. Respondents understood their risk of flooding but did not view flooding as a major current problem. Removing debris from streams was seen as the most positive stream management activity.
Municipal officials in the Hudson Valley region of New York face barriers in adapting to increased flooding from climate change. Over half of officials are still in the understanding phase of adaptation. The most common barriers are lack of funding, complex government regulations, and lack of knowledge about local flood risks and options. Officials have taken some actions like emergency planning but need more information and partnerships to advance planning. Educational workshops effectively increased officials' knowledge of proper stream management techniques. Future efforts should provide data on local climate impacts and help navigate resources to support adaptation.
This presentation will focus on data gathered from a survey and in-depth interviews with Hudson Valley municipal
officials. The goal of this project was to determine Hudson Valley local government officials’ attitudes toward climate
change and perceptions of climate change taking place in their communities. We also determined local government
officials’ views of risks, vulnerabilities, and issues associated with climate change as it will impact the natural resources
and infrastructure under their jurisdiction. We will discuss what actions local governments are taking to mitigate and
adapt to climate change as well as why some are not. Results also show local government officials’ views of adaptations
and policy options which might address issues resulting from climate change. We also offer suggestions on the most
effective ways of reaching municipal officials with information about climate change threats at a local level – including
the resources that will help local government officials implement solutions and adaptations. Presentation by Shorna Allred, Allison Chatrchyan, and Maureen Mullen. August 13, 2012, Hudson Valley Climate Action Network, Norrie Point Environmental Center, Staatsburg, NY
The survey assessed the need for and structure of a proposed New York State Master Watershed Steward program. Most respondents were involved in watershed management as volunteers or staff of watershed organizations. They identified important training needs like acquiring funds, working with political structures, and watershed assessment and planning. Over three-quarters of respondents thought there was a need for the program. When asked about program structure, respondents were split in their preference for potential names but slightly favored "Watershed Steward Academy."
This document discusses shrubland habitats and the importance of conserving them to protect wildlife species. It provides examples of species that rely on shrublands, such as New England cottontail rabbits, American woodcocks, and golden-winged warblers. The document recommends stewardship guidelines for landowners to help maintain and enhance shrubland habitats on their property, such as limiting mowing and allowing young trees and shrubs to grow.
1) Small individual landowner decisions collectively impact water quality through nonpoint source pollution. An outreach campaign targeting behaviors like fertilizer use, stormwater management, and septic system maintenance can help improve water quality.
2) A survey of 1,422 landowners in the Wappinger Creek Watershed found high awareness but low adoption of behaviors like using phosphate-free fertilizer and capturing rainwater. Lack of knowledge was a major barrier.
3) Recommendations include workshops on rain barrels/gardens, educating on fertilizer guidelines and the new phosphate law, and addressing misconceptions about septic system maintenance. Addressing barriers through hands-on learning and social marketing principles can
Landowners and municipal officials in the Wappinger Creek Watershed were surveyed about their perceptions of water quality issues in the area. [1] Municipal officials generally perceived problems as more severe than landowners. [2] The top concerns for officials were sediment deposition, road salt runoff, and garbage in water bodies. [3] Landowners' top concerns were garbage in water bodies, septic tank seepage, and pesticides in water. Understanding these perceptions can help officials create effective policies and communication around water quality issues.
Municipal officials and landowners in the Wappinger Creek Watershed were surveyed about their support for various land use and water quality protection policies. Both groups showed strong support for regulatory tools like restricting development in floodplains as well as environmental planning tools like following sustainable development principles. Their levels of support differed somewhat for certain tools. Overall, both stakeholders agreed that protecting water resources provides benefits like maintaining natural beauty and healthy habitat. However, they had more neutral views about whether it requires tradeoffs with economic development. The survey results can help inform outreach and policy efforts to balance growth and watershed protection in the region.
The document summarizes a study on community views of urban forests in the South Bronx, New York. It finds that residents generally have positive views of trees and their neighborhood forests. They appreciate trees' benefits like shade and fruit but want more trees planted and better maintenance. While few residents had participated in tree programs before, most expressed interest in future planting and care opportunities. They want to learn more about the environmental and health benefits of urban forests.
Woodland owners who interacted with other landowners were more likely to cooperate on forestry activities and have higher forestry knowledge than those who did not interact. A survey of woodland owners and Master Forest Owner Volunteers found that over two-thirds interacted with other forest owners, most commonly a few times per year. The most common cooperative activities were watching for trespassers, allowing access to hunt or recreate, and improving wildlife habitat. Landowner programs that facilitate interaction, such as the Master Forest Owner Volunteer Program, are associated with higher rates of cooperation and forestry knowledge than woodland owners in general.
The New York Master Forest Owner Volunteer Program aims to train woodland owners to better manage their forests and motivate other owners through peer education. A survey found the program successful in developing volunteers' skills, with 76% assuming leadership roles in forestry organizations. Volunteers conducted over 1,500 on-site visits since 1991, discussing forest management with landowners and influencing over 23,000 acres. Landowners found visits credible and recommended the program. Volunteers felt the program helped their own forest decision-making and community outreach goals.
This document summarizes a research study on the information access and preferences of private forest landowners in New York State. Some key findings:
1) Urban forest landowners expressed higher levels of preference for information on various forestry topics like wildlife management, woodlot management, and taxes than rural landowners.
2) The most preferred topics for information among all landowners were wildlife management, woodlot management, thinning, landowner liability, and pests/diseases.
3) Popular sources of forestry information that landowners said they would likely use in the future included brochures, fact sheets from the NY Department of Environmental Conservation, and advice from professional foresters.
Peer learning programs for woodland owners in New York State, like the Master Forest Owner Volunteer program, can positively influence forest management. A survey found woodland owners reported taking several actions after discussions with Volunteers, most commonly seeking additional forestry information, setting forest goals, and improving wildlife habitat. They were also more likely to create management plans and consult forestry professionals. While peer learning is cost-effective and can facilitate knowledge sharing, more research is needed to better understand its impacts and how to expand existing peer networks.
This is a presentation given at a stakeholder meeting to discuss community views of watershed management in the Wappinger Creek Watershed in the Hudson Valley, New York, May 2010.
This presentation focuses on education evaluation research on forestry webinars. This presentation was given at the NY Society of American Foresters Conference, January 2010, Syracuse, NY.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
Management Activities of Private Forest Landonwers in New York State
1. Department of Development Sociology
Cornell University
Research & Policy Brief Series
ISSUE NUMBER 15/MARCH 2008
Management Activities of Private Forest
Landowners in New York State*
by Shorna Broussard, Nancy Connelly, Tommy Brown, and Peter Smallidge, Cornell University
What is the Issue? Figure 1: How important are the following as reasons for why you
Over sixty percent of the land in New York State is forested.
Most NYS forest land is privately held, rather than under state or own wooded land in New York? (Urban and Rural Respondents)
federal control. Decisions made by the more than a half million Very Important Slightly Important
individual and family owners (controlling 14.2 million acres of
forestland in the state) collectively shape the landscape and the Moderately Important Not at all Important
benefits that it provides. Some of the many social, ecological, and Somewhat Important u = Urban r = Rural
economic benefits provided by private forestlands include rec- 100
u r u r u r ur u r u r ur u r u r u r u r
reation, forest products, wildlife habitat, and aesthetics. Private
individual and family forestlands are an essential component of 80
New York’s natural landscape. It is important to understand not
percent
only what forest management activities are being undertaken 60
and planned, but also the diversity of perspectives of both rural
and urban private forest owners, since those perspectives influ- 40
ence management decisions and ultimately the land.
20
Data and Methods 0
To explore the views and decisions of private individual and fam-
Scenery
Vacation Home
Privacy
Biodiversity
Hunting/Fishing
Recreation
Heirs
Sawlogs
Firewood
Investment
NTFP
ily forest owners of New York State, a questionnaire was mailed
to 2,200 forest owners, and a telephone survey was conducted
with approximately 50 rural and 50 urban non-respondents to
assess whether there was any response bias between responders
and non-responders. The rural sample consisted of 1,100 forest
owners who resided in the same county as their property and
whose property was in a county with less than 150 persons per part of their home, vacation home, or farm, and that they valued
square mile (“rural private forest owners” or “rural owners”). The privacy, scenery, and hunting or fishing opportunities the land
urban sample consisted of 1,100 owners who resided in different afforded them (see Figure 1).
counties than their property and who lived in a county with over
500 persons per square mile (“urban private forest owners” or What management activities are most prevalent?
“urban owners”). The samples were drawn from the 2006 Assess- When asked what forest management activities they had under-
ment Rolls of the NYS from the Office of Real Property Services taken in the last 10 years, urban forest owners were most likely to
and included parcels of 25 acres or more and property classi- report posting their land for no hunting, harvesting firewood for
fied as likely wooded and not in public or industrial ownership. their own use, marking the boundaries of their property, con-
When the term “significant” is used to describe the results in this ducting road and trail maintenance, and improving wildlife hab-
document, this term denotes a statistically significant difference itat. Rural owners reported harvesting firewood for their own
between the urban and rural respondents at the p<.05 level. use, posting the land for no hunting, maintaining or repairing
roads and trails, marking the boundaries of their land, and thin-
Why do forest owners own their land? ning or pruning trees (see Figure 2). Improving scenic value was
Rural and urban private forest owners view their land and the the least frequently cited management activity for both rural and
reasons for owning similarly in terms of motivations but dif- urban forest owners. Rural owners were significantly more likely
ferently in terms of the intensity of that opinion. Urban forest than urban owners to have undertaken cutting firewood, thin-
owners identified most with scenery, having woodland as part of ning, and timber harvesting compared to urban forest owners.
their home, vacation home, or farm, privacy, protecting biologi-
cal diversity, and hunting or fishing. Rural forest owners indi- What are owners’ plans for the next 5 years?
cated that owning forestland was important to them because it is When asked about their plans for the next 5 years, harvesting
firewood was the most frequently cited activity for both groups
* Please see Connelly et al. 2007 for a full reporting of the survey methodol- of owners, but particularly for rural owners. Rural owners were
ogy and results (full report can be accessed at www.dnr.cornell.edu/hdru ). also significantly more likely to include conducting commer-
2. BRIEF/ISSUE NUMBER 15/MARCH 2008
Figure 2: Management activities done in the last 10 years. Figure 4: Involvement of forest landowners, friends and family,
(Urban and Rural Respondents) and resource professionals in management activities on private
15
Urban
forestland. (Urban and Rural Respondents)
12
Rural u = Urban
percent
9 Self Friends/family Professional r = Rural
6 ur u r u r ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur ur
100
3
80
0
Harvested NTFP sale
Posted woodland no hunting
Harvested firewood self
Marked boundries
Road/trail maintenance
Improved wildlife habitat
Thinning/pruning
Tree planting
Harvested sawlogs
Scenic values
Applied pesticides herbicides
Reduced fire hazard
Improved fish Habitat
Harvested firewood sale
Harvested NTFP
Streamside buffer
percent
60
40
20
0
Road/trail Maintenance
Improved wildlife habitat
Posted woodland no hunting
Tree planting
Harvested firewood self
Making boundries
Thinning/pruning
Scenic values
Reduced fire hazard
Harvested NTFP
Improved fish habitat
Applied pesticides herbicides
Streamside buffer
Harvested firewood sale
Harvested sawlogs
Harvested NTFP sale
cial timber harvests and collecting non-timber forest products
(NTFP) in their upcoming plans compared to their urban private
forest owner counterparts. Urban dwelling forest owners were
significantly more likely than rural owners to indicate a “hands
off ” or laissez-faire approach to management. Leaving the land
as is was in the 5 year plan for over 38% of urban forest owners
and 31% for rural owners. Also, urban residing forest owners
were significantly less likely to have any plans or not know what landowners who did not work on their wooded property when
their plans are (23%) compared to rural forest owners (16%). they desired to do so identified the lack of time, lack of equip-
Selling their forestland was not in the 5 year plan of most private ment, expenses, their physical health, and lack of knowledge as
forest owners, whether urban (5.5%) or rural (3.6%). Of note is factors.
that almost 9% of both urban and rural residing forest owners
plan to pass their land on to heirs in the next 5 years. Conclusions and Policy Implications
Many private forest landowners see value in managing their for-
estlands. However, many landowners do not feel that professional
Figure 3: Plans for forestland in the next 5 years. (Urban and assistance is needed for most of the management activities other
Rural Respondents) than timber harvesting. Professional foresters are trained and can
35 provide assistance to forest landowners in managing their land
30
Urban sustainably for a variety of outcomes including timber, recreation,
25
Rural and wildlife. However, many management decisions take place
percent
20 without such professional guidance—decisions which can affect
15 the viability and sustainability of forestlands in New York State.
10 When forest owners act without adequate knowledge and aware-
5 ness of the environmental and ecological impacts, the sustain-
0 ability of forestland is threatened. Those who deliver professional
firewood
Harvested
Leave as is
pulpwood
Harvest sawlogs/
Buy more woodland
all to heirs
Give some or
Sell some or all
Collect NTFP
Convert to woodland
No plans/don’t know
Subdivide all or part
Convert woodland
assistance and services to forest owners must focus on addressing
the barriers to owners seeking professional assistance, appealing
to ownership motivations, and providing guidance on manage-
ment activities that include timber harvesting, but also focus on
wildlife, recreation, and scenery.
The impending turnover in forestland ownership also has im-
plications for the viability and existence of forestland. Approxi-
mately 9% of landowners plan to pass their land on to heirs in
the next 5 years, the mean age of respondents is nearly 60 years,
Who is involved in the management activities? and many forestland owners are retired. Previous research has
When undertaking forest management activities many forest shown that the views of forestland differ between current own-
landowners —whether rural or urban—are very self reliant, but ers and their offspring. As years pass, a new cadre of forestland
some rely on the help of family and friends, and professionals owners, many of whom may have had little or no involvement in
with the notable exception of timber harvesting (see Figure 4). the management of forestland will enter into such ownership and
Thinning is another activity for which rural owners enlist the aid begin making decisions that have implications for the condition
of a forestry professional. Urban residents rely on professional of forestland across New York State. This turnover in ownership,
involvement for a broader range of management activities, while coupled with the need to deliver professional assistance to existing
rural private forest owners indicate more self reliance. Those and future forestland owners presents a considerable challenge. u
The Research & Policy Brief Series is a publication of Cornell University’s Community & Rural Development
Institute (CaRDI), edited by Robin M. Blakely. These publications are free for public reproduction with proper accreditation.
For more information on CaRDI, our program areas, and past publications, please visit: www.cardi.cornell.edu.