Malnutrition can occur when there is a reduction in vitamins, energy, and nutrients. It poses risks like starvation, vitamin deficiency, and organ damage that can lead to obesity, extreme weight loss, and even death. Malnutrition is often caused by poverty, loss of provisions, or political and domestic abuse. Treatment involves slowly replenishing nutrients intake until deficiencies are cleared, with a goal of 5000 calories per day by the end of treatment.