Parts and functions of the Male Reproductive System and some diseases of the said system.

1. MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Prepared By: Cruz, John Dale L.
Tungol, Neliza L.

2. Reproductive System
“The reproductive system is a collection of internal and external
organs — in both males and females — that work together for the
purpose of procreating.”
-Cleveland Clinic

3. MALE Reproductive System
The male reproductive organs work together to
produce, store, and deliver the male gametes
(sperm cells) during sexual intercourse to fertilize
ova (eggs cells) in the female reproductive system.

4. MALE Reproductive System
Spermatogenesis, the production of sperm, is
a continuous process that begins when a male
reaches puberty and continues throughout life.

5. A. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS

6. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Penis
A part of the urinary and
reproductive systems.
Prepuce (foreskin)
Covers the glans penis; it
may be removed by
circumcision

7. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Scrotum- A sac that holds the testes
Scrotum

8. Testis (plural: testes)
The testis is responsible for
the production of sperm and
testosterone (male sex
hormone)
STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Testis
Seminiferous
tubules

9. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Seminiferous tubules
Produce the sperm; each
testis contains about 200
tightly coiled, 50-cm long
‘seminiferous tubules’.
Testis
Seminiferous
tubules

10. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS

11. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Epididymis
Site where sperm matures
and develops the ability to
be motile (i.e. ‘swim’) –
mature sperm is stored
here until ejaculation
Epididymis

12. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Vas Deferens
Long tube which conducts
sperm from the testes to
the prostate gland (which
connects to the urethra)
during ejaculation
Vas Deferens

13. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Seminal Vesicle
Secretes fluid containing
fructose (to nourish sperm)
and prostaglandin (triggers
uterine contractions)
Seminal Vesicle

14. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Prostate Gland
Secretes an alkaline fluid
that helps activate the
sperm to swim
Prostate Gland

15. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Bulbourethral Gland
A pea-sized structure that
secretes alkaline mucus,
which coats the urethra
before sperm are released
Bulbourethral
Gland

16. STRUCTURES OR ORGANS
Urethra
Conducts sperm / semen from
the prostate gland to the outside
of the body via the penis (also
used to convey urine)
Urethra

17. B. HORMONES INFLUENCE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
FUNCTION

18. • Hormones play a critical role in male reproductive function. In
the brain, the hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH). This peptide hormone travels in the
bloodstream to the anterior pituitary, where it stimulates the
release of two other peptide hormones: follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
HORMONES

19. • In the testes, luteinizing hormone signals interstitial cells
to release the steroid hormone ‘testosterone’ and other
male sex hormones (androgens).
HORMONES

20. • Testosterone. In adults it stimulates sperm production, sustain
the libido, and controls the activity of the prostate gland. In
adolescents, the hormone stimulates the development of
secondary sex characteristics. Testosterone also stimulates
the secretion of growth hormone, causing a growth spurt that
increases height and muscle mass and deepens the voice.
HORMONES

21. C. DISEASES OF THE MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

22. • Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men after
lung cancer. The natural history of the cancer is different from other
cancers of the body. The most common prostate cancer is a slow
growing cancer that does not necessarily kill the patient. The less
common aggressive form especially in the younger age group has
a more sinister growth pattern and needs to be picked up early to
treat it effectively.
PROSTATE
CANCER

23. PROSTATE
CANCER
Cancer

24. • It is estimated that approximately 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed
with prostate cancer during their lifetime, however only 1 in 33
will die of this disease.
• Overall, prostate cancer is the seventh most common cause of
death in the United States.
• The average age at the time of diagnosis is about 65.
FACTS ABOUT
PROSTATE CANCER

25. • NOTE: “Blacks have twice the rates of prostate cancer death
as Caucasian men, for reasons we don't know, it also starts at
a younger age in African-American men." ~ Harmon Eyre
• The chance of having prostate cancer increases after the age
of 50.
FACTS ABOUT
PROSTATE CANCER

26. • Prostate cancer usually does not give rise to any symptoms till it is
in an advanced stage.
• A small percentage of patients with prostate cancers may present
with symptoms such as slowing or weakening of the urinary stream
or the need to urinate more often. However, in such cases often the
cancer may have spread to other regions of the body.
SYMPTOMS OF
PROSTATE CANCER

27. SYMPTOMS OF
PROSTATE CANCER

29. • Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that affects the
testicles (or testes) which are the sperm-producing part of
the male reproductive system. The vast majority of
testicular cancers are Germ Cell Tumors, which
comprises of two subtypes-Seminomas and Teratomas.
TESTICULAR
CANCER

30. • Younger patients have a greater chance of developing
seminomas
• While the older men are inclined to develop teratomas.
• Testicular cancer occurs more commonly in white males
and is rare in men of Asian or African origin.
TESTICULAR
CANCER

31. TESTICULAR
CANCER

32. • A person with testicular cancer may
have a testicle that is three times its
original size. Concurrently this may
lead to a shrinking in the size of the
other testicle as the tumor ‘feeds’
on the scrotal blood supply.
TESTICULAR
CANCER

33. • Testicular cancer has an amazing cure rate (90% cure rate.
The cure rate is 100%, if it has not spread throughout the
body), especially if detected early. This has been made
possible by improvements in the adjuvant (preventive)
therapy which comprises of a combination of
chemotherapy, radiation and careful watching after a
surgery.
TESTICULAR
CANCER

34. • A person who has testicular cancer is at risk of developing
secondary cancers such as germ cell tumors in the contra lateral
testis, leukemias, GI malignancies, melanoma, soft-tissue
sarcoma, and genitourinary cancers.
• This cancer mostly affects men between the ages of 20 and 35,
especially those in their prime of youth, when they are most
fertile.
TESTICULAR
CANCER

35. • Symptoms of testicular cancer do not normally appear until
a later stage. Anyone who notices anything unusual about
their testicles should see a doctor, especially if they detect
any of the following:
Symptoms of
Testicular Cancer

36. Symptoms of
Testicular Cancer

37. Symptoms of
Testicular Cancer

38. • Peyronie’s disease is a condition
which causes curved, painful
erections due to formation of scar
tissue (plaque) inside the penis.
This leads to difficulties in sexual
intercourse and affects the sexual
life of men.
PEYRONIE’S
DISEASE

39. • Peyronie’s disease was named after the French surgeon
François Gigot de la Peyronie who first described it in
1743. This disease can be found in up to 1% to 23% of all
men in the age group 40-70. This disease is rare in young
men but many men in their 30’s present with symptoms.
PEYRONIE’S
DISEASE

40. • Symptoms of Peyronie’s disease can be mild, moderate
or severe. Symptoms may appear suddenly or progress
slowly over time.
•Painful erections – causing discomfort.
•Soft erections – inability to get or sustain an
erection during sexual intercourse.
SYMPTOMS OF
PEYRONIE’S DISEASE

41. • Penile penetration – difficulty in erections interfere in penile penetration
during sexual intercourse.
• Lumps in the penis – the scar tissue which causes Peyronie’s disease
leads to hard lumps or hard bands of tissue under the skin of the penis.
• Penile curvature – the penis may bend to one side or curve upward or
downward.
• Shortening of the penis – Peyronie’s disease often leads to a shortening
of the penile length.
SYMPTOMS OF
PEYRONIE’S DISEASE

42. • Aging – leads to changes in the elasticity of tissues in the
penis making it more prone to injuries. Age also
decreases rate of healing of injuries.
• Family history – a person’s chances of getting
Peyronie’s disease is higher if his father or brother has
the condition.
RISK FACTORS

43. Book
• Hoefnagels, Marielle. (2009). Biology: Concepts and Investigations (1st ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
Websites
• https://www.livescience.com/26741-reproductive-system.html
• http://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-6-human-physiology/66-hormones-homeostasis-and/male-
reproductive-system.html
• https://www.medindia.net/patientinfo/prostate-cancer.htm
• https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/testicular-cancer.htm
• https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/testicular-cancer-care/symptoms-causes/syc-20352986
• https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/peyronies-disease.htm
REFERENCES

44. QUIZ

45. 1.It is a male hormone that stimulates the development of
secondary sex characteristics.
a.luteinizing hormone c. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
b.Testosterone d. follicle-stimulating hormone
2.The production of sperm which is a continuous process that
begins when a male reaches puberty and continues
throughout life.
a.Mitosis c. Ejaculation
b.Meiosis d. Spermatogenesis

46. 3. A male reproductive organ that secretes fluid containing
fructose and prostaglandin.
a.Seminal Vesicle c. Urethra
b.Prostate Gland d. Testis
4-5. Give at least two diseases of the male reproductive system.

47. II. TRUE OR FALSE
6. Penis is part of the urinary system.
7. Ovarian cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men.
8. Scrotum is a sac that holds the penis.
9. Epididymis is the site where the sperm matures.
10. According to WHO, the average amount of semen that a man
produces per ejaculation is around half a teaspoon or 2.5 ml.
✓

48. ANSWERS

49. 1.It is a male hormone that stimulates the development of
secondary sex characteristics.
a.luteinizing hormone c. gonadotropin-releasing hormone
b.Testosterone d. follicle-stimulating hormone
2.The production of sperm which is a continuous process that
begins when a male reaches puberty and continues
throughout life.
a.Mitosis c. Ejaculation
b.Meiosis d. Spermatogenesis

50. 3. A male reproductive organ that secretes fluid containing fructose
and prostaglandin.
a.Seminal Vesicle c. Urethra
b.Prostate Gland d. Testis
4-5. Give at least two diseases of the male reproductive system.
(ANY KIND OF DISEASE IN THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM)
Possible Answers:
Prostate Cancer, Testicular Cancer, & Peyronie’s Disease

51. II. TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE 6. Penis is part of the urinary system.
FALSE 7. Ovarian cancer is the second most common type of
cancer in men.
FALSE 8. Scrotum is a sac that holds the penis.
TRUE 9. Epididymis is the site where the sperm matures.
TRUE 10. According to WHO, the average amount of semen
that a man produces per ejaculation is around half a
teaspoon or 2.5 ml.