Joseph Haymore is an experienced nurse practitioner and neuroscience registered nurse who has worked in the medical industry for many years. As someone with extensive experience and a focus on patient health, Joseph Haymore is well-suited to help develop and oversee individual health regimens, with a goal of making one's health the top priority. Those seeking assistance with health needs can contact Joseph Haymore through his website or by phone and address listed.
Legal Care Improves Sense of Health and Well-Being in Breast Cancer PatientsCancerLegalLine
Cancer Legal Line provides pro bono legal care to Minnesotans affected by cancer. We surveyed clients from our Breast Cancer Legal Project who received legal care for issues related to employment, wills, insurance, bankruptcy, and more. The project is funded by Susan G. Komen Minnesota. Results are presented here.
Dr. Elise Rigney writes a letter of recommendation for Robin Fetterman who interned at her chiropractic clinic. She describes Robin as enthusiastic, reliable, and dedicated with excellent communication and professionalism. During her internship, Robin led health workshops, partnered with a community program to promote exercise and activity, and co-facilitated discussion groups on health topics. Dr. Rigney gives Robin her highest recommendation and states she consistently exceeded expectations.
Cannabis has historically been known to bear medicinal benefits and researchers continue to find more reasons why patients require cannabis prescriptions. The 5 uses featured here are by no means the only uses for medical marijuana though they are some of the most common uses.
Cannabinoids, being a set of terpenophenolic compound present in cannabis, it refers to a group of substances that are structurally concerned to tetrahydrocannabinol.
This document summarizes information about marijuana, including its composition, common names, methods of consumption, both potential health benefits and risks. It describes marijuana's main psychoactive compound (THC) and its effects on the brain and body. Both short and long term effects are outlined. The document also discusses marijuana's mechanism of action in the brain and highlights several potential therapeutic uses while acknowledging some health risks with frequent use.
Cannabis contains many compounds beyond just THC that have therapeutic potential. Different cannabinoids like CBD, CBG, CBC, and THCV, as well as terpenes, may help treat conditions like epilepsy, cancer, inflammation and more. While THC is best known, exploring other varieties of the cannabis plant could lead to new medical discoveries, as combinations of compounds may produce synergistic effects or enhance each other in ways that single compounds alone do not. The full therapeutic potential of cannabis and its components is still being revealed.
Joseph Haymore is an experienced nurse practitioner and neuroscience registered nurse who has worked in the medical industry for many years. As someone with extensive experience and a focus on patient health, Joseph Haymore is well-suited to help develop and oversee individual health regimens, with a goal of making one's health the top priority. Those seeking assistance with health needs can contact Joseph Haymore through his website or by phone and address listed.
Legal Care Improves Sense of Health and Well-Being in Breast Cancer PatientsCancerLegalLine
Cancer Legal Line provides pro bono legal care to Minnesotans affected by cancer. We surveyed clients from our Breast Cancer Legal Project who received legal care for issues related to employment, wills, insurance, bankruptcy, and more. The project is funded by Susan G. Komen Minnesota. Results are presented here.
Dr. Elise Rigney writes a letter of recommendation for Robin Fetterman who interned at her chiropractic clinic. She describes Robin as enthusiastic, reliable, and dedicated with excellent communication and professionalism. During her internship, Robin led health workshops, partnered with a community program to promote exercise and activity, and co-facilitated discussion groups on health topics. Dr. Rigney gives Robin her highest recommendation and states she consistently exceeded expectations.
Cannabis has historically been known to bear medicinal benefits and researchers continue to find more reasons why patients require cannabis prescriptions. The 5 uses featured here are by no means the only uses for medical marijuana though they are some of the most common uses.
Cannabinoids, being a set of terpenophenolic compound present in cannabis, it refers to a group of substances that are structurally concerned to tetrahydrocannabinol.
This document summarizes information about marijuana, including its composition, common names, methods of consumption, both potential health benefits and risks. It describes marijuana's main psychoactive compound (THC) and its effects on the brain and body. Both short and long term effects are outlined. The document also discusses marijuana's mechanism of action in the brain and highlights several potential therapeutic uses while acknowledging some health risks with frequent use.
Cannabis contains many compounds beyond just THC that have therapeutic potential. Different cannabinoids like CBD, CBG, CBC, and THCV, as well as terpenes, may help treat conditions like epilepsy, cancer, inflammation and more. While THC is best known, exploring other varieties of the cannabis plant could lead to new medical discoveries, as combinations of compounds may produce synergistic effects or enhance each other in ways that single compounds alone do not. The full therapeutic potential of cannabis and its components is still being revealed.
The document discusses various drugs including cocaine, opiates, and marijuana. It provides information on their mechanisms of action in the brain and possible signs and symptoms of use. It also describes a case study of a 33-year-old man found unconscious who was given dextrose and naloxone by paramedics and showed improved vital signs at the hospital. Based on his symptoms, it is suspected he had used cocaine or opiates. The document discusses how these drugs act on the brain's reward pathway similarly to stimulate dopamine and cause addiction.
This document discusses neurotransmitters and how they transmit signals between neurons in the brain and body. It begins by defining neurotransmitters as brain chemicals that communicate information throughout the brain and body. It then describes the basic structure of a neuron with dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Neurotransmitters are produced in the cell body and travel down the axon to be released at presynaptic terminals into the synaptic cleft between neurons. They can then activate receptors on the receiving neuron. There are inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA and serotonin that decrease neural activity, and excitatory neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and histamine that increase neural activity. The document provides examples of important neurotransmitters and their
This document discusses the neuropharmacology of chronic pain. It begins by listing the main types of medications used to treat pain, including narcotics, anti-convulsants, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, etc. It then provides details on how nerves transmit pain signals and the neurochemical pathways involved in acute and chronic pain. The rest of the document delves into the mechanisms of action of the different medication classes - how they work on synapses, neurons and neurotransmitters to reduce pain. It also notes challenges with long-term narcotic use and routes of pain medication administration.
Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is a Schedule I controlled substance that has various street names. It is most commonly smoked or ingested but can also be vaporized. Short term effects include euphoria and impaired coordination while long term effects include increased risks of respiratory illnesses and cognitive decline. Though addictive for some, it has medical uses such as relieving nausea and stimulating appetite. Nearly 40% of Americans have tried cannabis at least once with over 7 million using daily or almost daily as of 2012.
Use Of Liposomes & Nanoparticles In Brain Drug TargetingDebanjan (Deb) Das
Liposomes and nanoparticles show promise for brain drug targeting by protecting drugs from clearance and enabling transport across the blood-brain barrier. Liposomes can be modified with PEG to increase circulation time and target brain tumors. Nanoparticles can also cross the BBB when coated with polysorbates like Tween 80, which allow binding of plasma proteins like ApoE involved in brain uptake. While these systems have enabled delivery of some drugs to the brain, more research is still needed to optimize their ability to transport large molecule pharmaceuticals.
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
https://youtube.com/allceuseducation A continuing education course for this presentation can be found at https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/index?c=
Objectives
Identify the symptoms of marijuana intoxication
Review the research related to the short and long term effects of marijuana on the brain and body
Explore the medical uses of marijuana
Discuss marijuana as a gateway drug
What is It
Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.
The plant contains the mind-altering chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Extracts with high amounts of THC can also be made from the cannabis plant
How is it Used
Smoked
Joints
Pipes or water pipes (bongs)
Blunts—emptied cigars that have been partly or completely refilled with marijuana.
Vaporized
Pull the active ingredients from the marijuana and collect their vapor in a storage unit which is inhaled instead of smoke.
Eaten: Brownies, cookies, or candy, or brew it as a tea.
How is it Used
Resins: A newly popular method of use is smoking or eating different forms of THC-rich resins
Smoking THC-rich resins extracted from the marijuana plant is on the rise. Users call this practice dabbing. People are using various forms of these extracts, such as:
hash oil or honey oil—a gooey liquid
wax or budder—a soft solid with a texture like lip balm
shatter—a hard, amber-colored solid
Oral Ingestion
Orally consumed cannabinoids tends to be stronger and last longer (4-6 hours) than inhaled cannabis.
This is because of the way bodies metabolize THC.
When cannabis is inhaled, THC passes rapidly from the lungs to the blood stream and to the brain.
When cannabis is consumed orally, a significant portion of THC is converted into the metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC before reaching the brain.
This metabolite is believed to be slightly more potent than THC and possesses a greater blood-brain penetrability
Short Term Effects
THC effects are felt more slowly when the person eats or drinks it. (30 minutes to 1 hour)
Effects
Altered senses (for example, seeing brighter colors)
Temporary hallucinations
Altered sense of time
Changes in mood
Impaired body movement
Difficulty with thinking and problem-solving
Impaired memory
Breathing problems. Marijuana smoke irritates the lungs
Increased heart rate for up to 3 hours after smoking
A 30 minute Powerpoint highlighting part of the history of Cannabis, it's various uses, it's history of being illegal, why it should be legal, it's addiction, potency, and toxicity levels, and why it could help us should it be legal and widely available.
The document summarizes the pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors. It discusses the three types of cannabinoids - endogenous, herbal, and synthetic. It describes the two main cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, and their locations in the body. It also summarizes endogenous cannabinoids like anandamide and 2-AG, the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation, and the roles of CB1/CB2 receptor agonists and antagonists. Potential therapeutic uses of cannabinoids discussed include treatment for pain, inflammation, osteoporosis, and potentially cancer.
Please share this webinar with anyone who may be interested!
Watch all our webinars: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4dDQscmFYu_ezxuxnAE61hx4JlqAKXpR
Webinar Information:
At this webinar you will learn:
• Basic facts about medical cannabis in Canada
• The role of medical cannabis for cancer patients
• How to access medical cannabis under the current Health Canada process
Presenter Information:
Dr. Paul Daeninck is an oncologist and palliative care consultant with CancerCare Manitoba and is an Assistant Professor at the University of Manitoba. He is the Chair of the Symptom Management and Palliative Care disease site group at CancerCare Manitoba and the President–elect of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids (CCIC). He has a research and clinical interest in the use of cannabis and cannabinoids in patients with cancer and cancer-related conditions.
View the video: https://youtu.be/-QFcA4OrqEM
Follow our social media accounts:
Twitter - https://twitter.com/survivornetca
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/CanadianSurvivorNet
Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/survivornetwork
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/user/Survivornetca
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
The document discusses various drugs including cocaine, opiates, and marijuana. It provides information on their mechanisms of action in the brain and possible signs and symptoms of use. It also describes a case study of a 33-year-old man found unconscious who was given dextrose and naloxone by paramedics and showed improved vital signs at the hospital. Based on his symptoms, it is suspected he had used cocaine or opiates. The document discusses how these drugs act on the brain's reward pathway similarly to stimulate dopamine and cause addiction.
This document discusses neurotransmitters and how they transmit signals between neurons in the brain and body. It begins by defining neurotransmitters as brain chemicals that communicate information throughout the brain and body. It then describes the basic structure of a neuron with dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Neurotransmitters are produced in the cell body and travel down the axon to be released at presynaptic terminals into the synaptic cleft between neurons. They can then activate receptors on the receiving neuron. There are inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA and serotonin that decrease neural activity, and excitatory neurotransmitters like acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and histamine that increase neural activity. The document provides examples of important neurotransmitters and their
This document discusses the neuropharmacology of chronic pain. It begins by listing the main types of medications used to treat pain, including narcotics, anti-convulsants, antidepressants, muscle relaxers, etc. It then provides details on how nerves transmit pain signals and the neurochemical pathways involved in acute and chronic pain. The rest of the document delves into the mechanisms of action of the different medication classes - how they work on synapses, neurons and neurotransmitters to reduce pain. It also notes challenges with long-term narcotic use and routes of pain medication administration.
Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is a Schedule I controlled substance that has various street names. It is most commonly smoked or ingested but can also be vaporized. Short term effects include euphoria and impaired coordination while long term effects include increased risks of respiratory illnesses and cognitive decline. Though addictive for some, it has medical uses such as relieving nausea and stimulating appetite. Nearly 40% of Americans have tried cannabis at least once with over 7 million using daily or almost daily as of 2012.
Use Of Liposomes & Nanoparticles In Brain Drug TargetingDebanjan (Deb) Das
Liposomes and nanoparticles show promise for brain drug targeting by protecting drugs from clearance and enabling transport across the blood-brain barrier. Liposomes can be modified with PEG to increase circulation time and target brain tumors. Nanoparticles can also cross the BBB when coated with polysorbates like Tween 80, which allow binding of plasma proteins like ApoE involved in brain uptake. While these systems have enabled delivery of some drugs to the brain, more research is still needed to optimize their ability to transport large molecule pharmaceuticals.
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
https://youtube.com/allceuseducation A continuing education course for this presentation can be found at https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/index?c=
Objectives
Identify the symptoms of marijuana intoxication
Review the research related to the short and long term effects of marijuana on the brain and body
Explore the medical uses of marijuana
Discuss marijuana as a gateway drug
What is It
Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa.
The plant contains the mind-altering chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Extracts with high amounts of THC can also be made from the cannabis plant
How is it Used
Smoked
Joints
Pipes or water pipes (bongs)
Blunts—emptied cigars that have been partly or completely refilled with marijuana.
Vaporized
Pull the active ingredients from the marijuana and collect their vapor in a storage unit which is inhaled instead of smoke.
Eaten: Brownies, cookies, or candy, or brew it as a tea.
How is it Used
Resins: A newly popular method of use is smoking or eating different forms of THC-rich resins
Smoking THC-rich resins extracted from the marijuana plant is on the rise. Users call this practice dabbing. People are using various forms of these extracts, such as:
hash oil or honey oil—a gooey liquid
wax or budder—a soft solid with a texture like lip balm
shatter—a hard, amber-colored solid
Oral Ingestion
Orally consumed cannabinoids tends to be stronger and last longer (4-6 hours) than inhaled cannabis.
This is because of the way bodies metabolize THC.
When cannabis is inhaled, THC passes rapidly from the lungs to the blood stream and to the brain.
When cannabis is consumed orally, a significant portion of THC is converted into the metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC before reaching the brain.
This metabolite is believed to be slightly more potent than THC and possesses a greater blood-brain penetrability
Short Term Effects
THC effects are felt more slowly when the person eats or drinks it. (30 minutes to 1 hour)
Effects
Altered senses (for example, seeing brighter colors)
Temporary hallucinations
Altered sense of time
Changes in mood
Impaired body movement
Difficulty with thinking and problem-solving
Impaired memory
Breathing problems. Marijuana smoke irritates the lungs
Increased heart rate for up to 3 hours after smoking
A 30 minute Powerpoint highlighting part of the history of Cannabis, it's various uses, it's history of being illegal, why it should be legal, it's addiction, potency, and toxicity levels, and why it could help us should it be legal and widely available.
The document summarizes the pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors. It discusses the three types of cannabinoids - endogenous, herbal, and synthetic. It describes the two main cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, and their locations in the body. It also summarizes endogenous cannabinoids like anandamide and 2-AG, the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation, and the roles of CB1/CB2 receptor agonists and antagonists. Potential therapeutic uses of cannabinoids discussed include treatment for pain, inflammation, osteoporosis, and potentially cancer.
Please share this webinar with anyone who may be interested!
Watch all our webinars: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4dDQscmFYu_ezxuxnAE61hx4JlqAKXpR
Webinar Information:
At this webinar you will learn:
• Basic facts about medical cannabis in Canada
• The role of medical cannabis for cancer patients
• How to access medical cannabis under the current Health Canada process
Presenter Information:
Dr. Paul Daeninck is an oncologist and palliative care consultant with CancerCare Manitoba and is an Assistant Professor at the University of Manitoba. He is the Chair of the Symptom Management and Palliative Care disease site group at CancerCare Manitoba and the President–elect of the Board of Directors of the Canadian Consortium for the Investigation of Cannabinoids (CCIC). He has a research and clinical interest in the use of cannabis and cannabinoids in patients with cancer and cancer-related conditions.
View the video: https://youtu.be/-QFcA4OrqEM
Follow our social media accounts:
Twitter - https://twitter.com/survivornetca
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/CanadianSurvivorNet
Pinterest - https://www.pinterest.com/survivornetwork
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/user/Survivornetca
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
2. About Us
The Northeastern Medical staff hope all patients can live a pain and symptom-free life. Whether
your symptoms are chronic or occasional, we want to offer something to assist our patients
through their daily lives.
Our team has been involved in the medical cannabis movement for more than 50 combined
years with experience in California, Washington, Colorado and Maine. We work to bring quality
medicine to qualifying patients.