Mahavira was the 24th and last Tirthankar of Jainism who established its core teachings. He was born in 599 BC and at age 30 renounced his life as a prince to follow an ascetic path seeking enlightenment. Over 12 years of deep meditation and self-control, he achieved kevalajnana, or supreme enlightenment. Mahavira taught non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, chastity, and non-possession as the path to liberation from rebirth and attainment of moksha or nirvana. His teachings emphasized compassion for all living beings, renouncing worldly attachments, and achieving purity of soul.