This document summarizes macroeconomic trends and energy consumption patterns globally. It finds that the global economy has seen growth in most years and is expected to continue recovering. It also analyzes the distribution of population, GDP, and primary energy consumption across regions. In particular, it notes that the Middle East has significantly more oil and natural gas reserves than other regions, while China and the US have the largest coal reserves.

1. Macroeconomics
for the Petro
Chemical Industry
SUBMITTED BY :-
ABHISHEK CHOUDHARY
DEEPALI SINGH PARMAR
ISHANEE BAJPAI

2. Macroeconomic Environment
Split by region and GDP
US| 4.40%
Africa|
16.40%
Other Asia|
23.70%
China|
18.70%
India| 17.90%
Europe|
9.90%
Latin
America|
8.60%
Canada|
0.50%
Population split by region
US| 25%
Africa| 2%
OtherAsia| 20%
China| 16%
India| 3%
Europe| 26%
Latin
America|
5%
Canada| 3%
GDP Split by region
As of date World’s Population is 7.3 Billion

3. The Global economy has achieved growth in
all but one of the last 50 years
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
GDP Growth (Annual %)
GDP Growth (Annual %)

4. Global activity is expected to continue to
improve, driven by recovery in advanced
economies
 US recovery has been gaining momentum
 The euro area is turning the corner from recession to recovery; but prospects look dim for the UK based on the
country’s exit from the European Union
 Growth in emerging economies but slightly more moderate then initially forecasted
2015 2016 2017 2018 f
United States 2.9 1.5 2.3 2.7*
Euro Area 2.0 1.8 2.4 2.4*
Japan 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.5*
China 6.9 6.7 6.8 6.5*
Emerging economies 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.9*
Global 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.7

5. The World divides into Important
Demographic Groups
-10000
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
USA
Australia
UK Canada
Japan
France Germany
Russia
China
S Arabia
Argentina
Mexico Turkey
S Africa Brazil
India Indonesia
Rich but Old
Poor & Young
Poor & Ageing

6. Global Primary Energy consumption is
split between Oil, Gas and Coal
Nuclear
Energy|
5.00%
Oil| 33.00%
Coal| 28.00%
Natural Gas|
24.00%
Renewables/
Hydro|
17.90%
Primary Energy Consumption
(Tons of Oil Equivalent) Non
Energy/Feeds
tocks| 6.00%
Power|
36.00%
Residential
and
Commercial|
22.00%
Industry|
18.00%
Transport|
18.00%
World’s Energy Consumption by
Sector

7. Largest Natural gas Reserves (Trillion
Cubic Metres)
The top 10 Countries account for 79% of the reserves (Iran, Russia and Qatar have almost half)
17.5
33.5
8.7
5.7
5.3
8.4
6
5.4
32
24.5
Russia
Turkmenistan
Qatar
Iran
China
KSA
UAE
NigeriaVenezuela
USA

8. Natural Gas reserves and Consumption
 There is a mismatch between gas reserves and demand
 Proven Natural Gas reserves in 2016– 186.6 tcm
 Natural gas consumption – 3.54 tcm
Asia
pacific|
9.00%
Middle East|
42.00%
North
America|
6.00%
South
America|
4.00%
Western
Europe|
2.00%
Central &
Eastern
Europe|
29.00%
Primary Energy Consumption
Asia pacific|
20.00%
Middle East|
15.00%
North
America|
27.00%
South
America|
5.00%
Western
Europe|
11.00%
Central &
Eastern
Europe|
18.00%
Primary Energy Consumption

9. Largest Oil Reserves (Billion Barrels)
 The middle east has more oil reserves then the rest of the world (almost half of the
total)
 Total Reserves have risen by 2% per year over the last 10 years
 US reserves decreased by 13% compared to 2015
 The top 10 accounts for 85% of the Reserves
172
48
301
48
153
102
158
267
98
110
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Billion Barrels

10. Crude Oil Reserves and Consumption
 Proven Crude Oil Reserves globally in 2016 – 1.7 Trillions Barrels
 Globally Oil Consumption in 2016 – 95 Million barrels/day
Asia pacific|
3.00%
Middle East|
48.00%
North
America|
13.00%
South
America|
19.00%
Africa| 7.00%
Central &
Eastern
Europe|
9.00%
Oil Reserves
Asia pacific|
35.00%
Middle
East|
10.00%
North
America|
25.00%
South
America|
7.00%
Africa| 4.00%
Central &
Eastern
Europe|
7.00%
Oil Consumption

11. Largest Coal Reserves (billion Tons)
 The top 10 countries possess 91% of the World’s Reserves
 Coal Reserves continue to increase with recent studies
 China and US represents 43% of the World’s Reserves
252
36
24
34 26
94
160
244
25
145
10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Billion Tons

12. Coal Demand and Consumption
 2016 Global Coal Reserves – 1139 Billion Tons
 2016 Global Coal Consumption – 3.7 btoe
Middle
East|
0.00%
Asia Pacific|
46.50%
Central &
Eastern
Europe|
25.00%
North
America|
23.00%
Western
Europe|
4.00%
South
America|
1.00% Africa| 1.00%
Coal Reserves Middle
East|
0.00%
Asia Pacific|
73.80%
Central &
Eastern
Europe|
8.00%
North
America|
10.00%
Western
Europe|
4.00%
South
America|
1.00% Africa| 3.00%
Coal Consumption

13. Thank You