Macro 14
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Inflation is caused by printing money faster than producing goods and services, which leads to rising prices. The quantity theory of money states that the money supply determines the price level, assuming velocity of money and real GDP are constant. Inflation redistributes wealth from lenders to borrowers and from the public to the government through tax bracket creep. It also creates uncertainty and illusion of real income. Costs of inflation include uncertainty, illusion of income, redistribution, tax bracket creep, and unexpected inflation hurting lenders or borrowers depending on whether actual inflation is lower or higher than expected.
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This document provides an overview of inflation and the quantity theory of money. It discusses several key points:
1) Inflation is caused by increases in the money supply according to the quantity theory of money, which states that inflation (P) is directly proportional to the money supply (M) and velocity (v) of money.
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一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号:176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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【网址🎉ac55.net🎉】足球博彩在体育博彩方面，不难发现，足球博彩多为英式运动提供投注。足球博彩为丰富多彩的体育项目提供投注，如足球、赛马、板球和飞镖，但这不是足球博彩的唯一优势。在足球博彩，全世界玩家都可以找到自己感兴趣的比赛进行投注。足球博彩为网球和美式运动如棒球、美式足球、篮球、冰球开出的投注同样值得关注。在夏季或冬季奥运会方面，足球博彩为玩家开出了丰富多彩的服务，是你的不二之选。你还可以投注水球、自行车和班迪球等小众体育项目，甚至可以为武术、拳击和综合格斗投注。足球博彩为众多体育项目开出滚球投注。
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【网址🎉ac99.net🎉】欧洲杯足彩是一家创立于1998年的在线的体育博彩公司。欧洲杯足彩由库拉索岛政府授权，可以从事体育博彩相关活动。成立初期，欧洲杯足彩专注于快速发展的国内市场，现在它为全世界的玩家和职业玩家提供投注服务。毫无疑问，欧洲杯足彩是欧洲乃至全球最受欢迎的知名在线体育博彩公司。玩家的积极反馈、存款和提款的安全性都充分证明了该公司的可靠性。欧洲杯足彩 Sports公司 以其良好的服务而得到了客户的认可。该公司在2004年获得了最高水平服务奖、2006年最佳博彩公司奖（EOG.com）、最佳博彩运营商前5名（The Online Wire）和著名门户网站“Gambling”颁发的最佳优惠和奖金奖项，这是对这家博彩公司的最为中肯的评价。
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一比一原版(leeds学位证书)英国利兹大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(leeds学位证书)英国利兹大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(leeds学位证书)英国利兹大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(leeds学位证书)英国利兹大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(leeds学位证书)英国利兹大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(leeds学位证书)英国利兹大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Govt Accounting in Nigeria Prof Oyedokun.pptx
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Being a Paper Presented at the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Budget Office Staff at Sojourner Hotel, GRA, Ikeja Lagos on Saturday 8th June, 2024.
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In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
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Economic trends from a business point of view (May 2024)
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On 12 June 2024 the Institute for Economic Research and Policy Consulting (IER) held an online event “Economic Trends from a Business Perspective (May 2024)”.
During the event, the results of the 25-th monthly survey of business executives “Ukrainian Business during the war”, which was conducted in May 2024, were presented.
The field stage of the 25-th wave lasted from May 20 to May 31, 2024. In May, 532 companies were surveyed.
The enterprise managers compared the work results in May 2024 with April, assessed the indicators at the time of the survey (May 2024), and gave forecasts for the next two, three, or six months, depending on the question. In certain issues (where indicated), the work results were compared with the pre-war period (before February 24, 2022).
✅ More survey results in the presentation.
✅ Video presentation: https://youtu.be/4ZvsSKd1MzE
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Macro 14
- 2. Macroeconomics Lecture 14 Inflation and the Quantity Theory of Money Chapter 12
- 3. Questions?
- 4. Inflation Cause: Printing money faster than making goods and services Effect: Rising prices
- 5. Nominal or Current vs. Real or Constant
- 6. Quantity Theory of Money M = Money Supply v = velocity P = Price Level YR = Real GDP
- 7. v = velocity The average number of times a dollar is used to purchase final goods and services within a year
- 8. Mv = PYR Assume v andYR are constant M = P
- 9. M = P Inflation is everywhere and always a monetary phenomenon - Milton Friedman
- 11. 1834 to 1933 $1 =1/20 oz of gold $20 = one oz of gold
- 12. $1,320 66x paper currency has loss of 98.5% of value
- 13. Costs of Inflation uncertainty illusion redistribution tax bracket creep
- 14. Redistribution public to government lenders to borrowers
- 15. Redistribution nominal = real + inflation real can be negative
- 17. Who wins? Inflation Winners Losers Lower than Expected Lenders Borrowers Higher than Expected Borrowers Lenders
- 18. Tax Bracket Creep 10% 20% Higher tax bracket Pay more but not earn more
- 20. Growth Models The Financial System Stock Market Unemployment Inflation
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- 22. Financial System Income - Consumption Saving - Borrowing Supply and Demand Types of Debt Types of Firms Financial Statements
- 23. Stock Market Finance Equation FutureValue - PresentValue Indexes Leverage Bubbles
- 25. Inflation Prices Current and Constant Mv = PYR M = P Costs
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