MACBET Journal Project - The Book

Yasal Uyarı:

Gençlik Katılımı ve Kültürlerarası Diyalog Derneği tarafından AB Gençlik Programları Eylem 3.1.2
Eğitim ve Ağ Kurma Programı “Advanced Journalism and Media Training / MACBET (İleri
Gazetecilik ve Medya Eğitimi)” Projesi kapsamında hazırlanmıştır. Bu proje T.C. Başbakanlık DPT
AB Eğitim ve Gençlik Programları Merkezi Başkanlığı (http://www.ua.gov.tr) Gençlik Programı
kapsamında ve Avrupa Komisyonu'ndan sağlanan hibeyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ancak burada yer alan
görüşlerden AB Eğitim ve Gençlik Programları Merkezi Başkanlığı veya Avrupa Komisyonu sorumlu
tutulamaz.

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INDEX

Preface.............................................................................................................................................. 5
Organization in charge of the Project - YPIDA ............................................................................ 7
Organization Team ....................................................................................................................... 15
Youth in Action Programme and Action 3.1.2 .......................................................................... 16
MACBET Project Schedule ............................................................................................................ 25
What is MACBET? ......................................................................................................................... 26
Speech of Mayor of Kecioren ....................................................................................................... 37
Changing Technologies and Social Media.................................................................................. 41
Journalism and Social Media ...................................................................................................... 61
Project Countries, Organizations and Participants .................................................................... 75
MACBET Sessions ........................................................................................................................ 104
Workshops................................................................................................................................... 105
Thematic Sessions ....................................................................................................................... 137
Discussions .................................................................................................................................. 166
What we have done? .................................................................................................................. 206
Gallery.......................................................................................................................................... 222
Thematic Presentation ............................................................................................................... 228

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Preface
As the Youth Participation and Intercultural Dialogue Association, we've
carried out Youth in Action Program projects approximately for four
years. Since it's the age of information and communication and online
technologies and digital platforms have gained a great importance, we've
shifted our focus on digital platforms as the Youth Participation and
Intercultural Dialogue Association.

Why the digital platforms are so important for us?

To answer this question, we think that it is useful to have a look at the statistics below.

Across the globe;

Reaching 50 MILLION users was possible for telephone took 75 years, 38 for radio, 13 for TV, 4 for
internet, 3 for smart phones, and only 2 years for tablet PCs.

The worldwide internet usage has reached;

16 million in 1995, 360 million in 2000, 2 billion and 950 million in 2011.

If we create a new title for Social Media, the statistics below are spectacular.

Facebook; Facebook is called the 3rd most crowded country of the world with its 800 million users.

Monthly average usage is 15 hours and 33 minutes. In another words, it's 2 working days.

30 million of 35 million internet users in Turkey have a Facebook account.

Youtube; Length of the videos being uploaded every minute: 48 hours, Number of the videos being
watched everyday: 2 billion

Twitter; Number of users: 225 million, Daily tweets: 250 million

Flickr; Number of photos being uploaded every day: 4.5 million, Total number of photos: 6 billion

Instagram; This system which have been created by 4 people have 14 million users, Number of photos
uploaded every second: 60

Linkedin; Number of users: 147 million, More than %40 of its users are professional managers.

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These striking statistics are enough to tell us the importance of digital media.

In pursuit of grasping this importance, we've discussed issues such as "new media technologies, social
media, ways of forming a cooperation among young journalists, effects of media on politics, religion
and culture, internet limitations that shows difference between different countries, media ethics and
human rights" drawing attention on the statistics above with our project MACBET that we held
between 09-15 January 2012 in the capital of Turkey, Ankara together with young journalists and
media members from 16 countries. We've made field visits to Directorate General of Press and
Information and TRT (Turkish Radio and Television Association) which are important institutions in
the field of press and media. We've cooperated with the Media Association and made effective
presentations. We've carried out our opening and closing ceremonies succesfully with the support of
Keçiören Municipality of Ankara. Our participants also carried out workshops with effective
presentations and works, and we completed our project sharing many information and experiences.

As the Youth Participation and Intercultural dialogue Association, the book that we've prepared as
part of the project MACBET that we've carried out has been prepared to show you the activities done
within the scope of the project, project outcomes, works carried out by our association and the current
place of digital platforms in our lives.

We welcome you all to our association who want to work on digital platforms and have new project
ideas to make real.

Onur Oğuz Dellal
YPIDA President

6

YOUTH IN ACTION PROGRAMME

Action 3.1.2

TRAINING AND NETWORKING
PROJECT WITH NEIGHBOURING
PARTNER COUNTRIES

16

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT YOUTH IN ACTION PROGRAMME

By Decision N° 1719/2006/EC of 15 November 2006, the European Parliament and the
Council adopted the Youth in Action Programme for the period 2007 to 2013 which put
into place the legal framework to support nonformal learning activities for young people.

The Youth in Action Programme aims to respond at European level to the needs of young
people from adolescence to adulthood. It makes an important contribution to the acquisition
of competences through nonformal learning as well as to the promotion of young people's
active participation in society.

It supports the new youth policy framework for European Cooperation in the youth field
adopted in 2009, which outlines a cross-sectoral approach to youth issues with a view not
only to creating more and equal opportunities for all young people in education and in the
labour market ("employability dimension") but also to promoting the active engagement,
social inclusion and solidarity of all young people ("participation dimension").

It also contributes to supporting the 'Youth on the Move flagship initiative of the EU 2020
Strategy4 which puts young people at the centre of the EU's agenda to create an economy
based on knowledge, innovation, high levels of education and skills, adaptability and
creativity, inclusive labour markets and active involvement in society.

Finally, Youth in Action also fits into the context of the new EU competences conferred by
the Lisbon Treaty (article 165 (2)), which calls the European Union to encourage the
participation of young people in democratic life in Europe.

The Youth in Action Programme builds on the experience of the previous Youth for Europe
Programme (l989-1999), the European Voluntary Service (1996-1999) and the YOUTH
Programme (2000-2006). It has been adopted after wide consultation with the different
stakeholders in the youth field. An interim evaluation of the YOUTH Programme was
carried out in 2003, receiving input from a wide variety of specialists, stakeholders and
individuals involved in the Programme. An ex ante evaluation was also used in putting
together the Youth in Action Programme.

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1. What are the objectives, the priorities and the important features of the Youth in Action
Programme?

Objectives
The general objectives stated in the legal basis of the Youth in Action Programme are to:
• promote young people’s active citizenship in general and their European citizenship
in particular
• develop solidarity and promote tolerance among young people, in particular in order
to foster social cohesion in the European Union
• foster mutual understanding between young people in different countries
• contribute to developing the quality of support systems for youth activities and the
capabilities of civil society organisations in the youth field
• promote European cooperation in the youth field.

Priorities
These general objectives shall be implemented at project level, taking into consideration
permanent priorities and annual priorities.

Permanent priorities

European citizenship
Making young people aware that they are European citizens is a priority of the Youth in
Action Programme. The objective is to encourage young people to reflect on European topics
and to involve them in the discussion on the construction and the future of the European
Union. On this basis, projects should have a strong 'European dimension' and stimulate
reflection on the emerging European society and its values.

European dimension is a broad conceptual term. To reflect this, a Youth in Action project
should offer young people the opportunity to identify common values with other young
people from different countries in spite of their cultural differences.

Projects should also stimulate young people to reflect on the essential characteristics of
European society and, above all, encourage them to play an active role in their communities.
To feel European, young people must become aware of the fact that they play a role in the
construction of the current and future Europe. Therefore, a project with a European
dimension should not only 'discover' Europe, but also - and most importantly - aim to build
it.

Participation of young people
A main priority of the Youth in Action Programme is the active participation of young
people in their daily life. The overall aim is to encourage young people to be active citizens.
Participation takes the following dimensions, as laid down in the Council Resolution on the
common objectives for participation by and information for young people:

• to increase the participation by young people in the civic life of their community
• to increase participation by young people in the system of representative democracy
• to provide greater support for various forms of learning to participate.

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Projects funded under the Youth in Action Programme should reflect these three dimensions
by using participatory approaches as a pedagogical principle for project implementation.
The following points highlight key principles of participatory approaches in Youth in Action
projects:
• offering space for inter-action of participants, avoid passive listening
• respect for individual knowledge and skills
• ensuring influence over project decisions, not simply involvement
• participation is a learning process as much as an outcome
• an approach and attitude rather than a specific set of technical skills.

Participatory approaches emphasise behavioural principles. These include:
• reversing the traditional roles of outside ‘experts’ (a reversal of learning - from
extracting to empowering)
• facilitating young people to undertake their own analysis (handing over the stick)
• self-critical awareness by facilitators
• the sharing of ideas and information.
Participatory techniques are not just tools. The participatory approach is also a state of
mind, an attitude.
In a broad sense, this priority should be seen as a key method which will enable young
people to take an active part in any Youth in Action project at all stages of its development.
In other words, young people should be consulted and be part of the decision making
process that may affect their projects.
Moreover, the Youth in Action Programme encourages young people to get involved in
projects that have a positive impact for the community in general.

Cultural diversity
The respect for cultural diversity together with the fight against racism and xenophobia are
priorities of the Youth in Action Programme. By facilitating joint activities of young people
from different cultural, ethnic and religious backgrounds, the Programme aims to develop
the intercultural learning of young people.
As far as the development and implementation of projects are concerned, this means that
young people participating in a project should become aware of its intercultural dimension.
The project should stimulate awareness and reflection on the differences in values. Young
people should be supported to respectfully and sensitively challenge viewpoints that
perpetuate inequality or discrimination. Furthermore, intercultural working methods
should be used to enable project participants to participate on an equal basis.

Inclusion of young people with fewer opportunities
An important priority for the European Union is to give access to all young people,
including young people with fewer opportunities, to the Youth in Action Programme.
Young people with fewer opportunities are young people that are at a disadvantage
compared to their pers because they face one or more of the situations and obstacles
mentioned in the non-exhaustive list below. In certain contexts, these situations or obstacles
prevent young people from having effective access to formal and non-formal education,
trans-national mobility and participation, active citizenship, empowerment and inclusion in
society at large.

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• Social obstacles: young people facing discrimination because of gender, ethnicity,
religion, sexual orientation, disability, etc.; young people with limited social skills or
anti-social or risky sexual behaviours; young people in a precarious situation; (ex-
)offenders, (ex-)drug or alcohol abusers; young and/or single parents; orphans;
young people from broken families.
• Economic obstacles: young people with a low standard of living, low income,
dependence on social welfare system; in long-term unemployment or poverty; young
people who are homeless, young people in debt or with financial problems.
• Disability: young people with mental (intellectual, cognitive, learning), physical,
sensory or other disabilities.
• Educational difficulties: young people with learning difficulties; early school-leavers
and school dropouts; lower qualified persons; young people with poor school
performance.
• Cultural differences: young immigrants or refugees or descendants from immigrant
or refugee families; young people belonging to a national or ethnic minority; young
people with linguistic adaptation and cultural inclusion problems.
• Health problems: young people with chronic health problems, severe illnesses or
psychiatric conditions; young people with mental health problems.
• Geographical obstacles: young people from remote or rural areas; young people
living on small islands or peripheral regions; young people from urban problem
zones; young people from less serviced areas (limited public transport, poor
facilities, abandoned villages).

Youth groups and organisations should take appropriate measures to avoid exclusion of
specific target groups. However, it is possible that young people confronted by one specific
situation or obstacle face a disadvantage compared to their peers in one country or region,
but not in another one.
The Youth in Action Programme is a Programme for all, and efforts should be made to
include young people with special needs.
Beyond accessibility to all, the Youth in Action Programme also aims at being a tool to
enhance the social inclusion, active citizenship and employability of young people with
fewer opportunities and to contribute to social cohesion at large.

An Inclusion Strategy has been designed for the Youth in Action Programme, as the
common framework to support the efforts and Actions which the Commission, Member
States, National and Executive Agencies and other organisations undertake to make
inclusion a priority in their work.

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Annual priorities
In addition to the above-mentioned permanent priorities, annual priorities may be fixed
for the Youth in Action Programme and communicated on the Commission, Executive
Agency and National Agencies' websites.

For 2012, the annual priorities are the following:

• projects aimed at promoting young people's commitment towards a more inclusive
growth, and notably:
o projects tackling the issue of youth unemployment as well as projects aimed
at stimulating unemployed young people's mobility and active participation
in society. A strong priority will be placed throughout the Actions of the
Programme to ensuring access to unemployed young people to all the
opportunities that it offers
o projects addressing the issue of poverty and marginalisation and encouraging
young people's awareness and commitment to tackling these issues for a
more inclusive society. In this context, special emphasis shall be placed in
particular on the inclusion of young migrants, disabled young people, and
where relevant Roma youth
• projects stimulating young people’s spirit of initiative, creativity and
entrepreneurship, employability, in particular through youth initiatives
• projects promoting healthy behaviours, in particular through the promotion of the
practice of outdoor activities and grassroots sport, as a means to promote healthy
lifestyles as well as to foster social inclusion and the active participation of young
people in society
• projects aimed at raising young people's awareness and mobilization in tackling
global environmental challenges and climate change thus encouraging the
development of "green" skills and behaviours among young people and youth
workers and their commitment to a more sustainable growth.

Important features of the Youth in Action Programme
The following features of the Programme deserve special attention. Some of them are
presented in more detail on the Commission website.

Non-formal learning
The Youth in Action Programme provides important opportunities for young people to
acquire competences. Therefore it is a key instrument for non-formal and informal learning
in a European dimension.

Non-formal learning refers to the learning which takes place outside formal educational
curriculum. Non-formal learning activities involve people on a voluntary basis and are
carefully planned, to foster the participants' personal, social and professional development.
Informal learning refers to the learning in daily life activities, in work, family, leisure, etc. It
is mainly learning by doing. In the youth sector, informal learning takes place in youth and
leisure initiatives, in peer group and voluntary activities etc.

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Non-formal and informal learning enables young people to acquire essential competences
and contributes to their personal development, social inclusion and active citizenship,
thereby improving their employment prospects. Learning activities within the youth field
provide significant added value for young people as well as for the economy and society at
large such as capacity-building of organisations, benefits for communities, systems and
institutions.

Non-formal and informal learning activities within the Youth in Action Programme are
complementary to the formal education and training system. They have a participative and
learner-centred approach, are carried out on a voluntary basis and are therefore closely
linked to young people's needs, aspirations and interests. By providing an additional source
of learning and a route into formal education and training, such activities are particularly
relevant to young people with fewer opportunities.

A high-quality non-formal learning dimension is a key-aspect of all projects supported by
the Youth in Action Programme. This is notably reflected in the award criteria of the
different Actions and sub-Actions, the supportive approach of the Commission, Executive
Agency and National Agencies towards the target groups of the Programme, the definition
of rights and responsibilities in European Voluntary Service, and, finally, the emphasis put
on recognition of the non-formal learning experience.
Projects funded by the Youth in Action Programme have to adhere to the non-formal
learning principles. These are:
• learning in non-formal contexts is intended and voluntary
• education takes place in a diverse range of environments and situations for which
training and learning are not necessarily the sole or main activity
• the activities may be staffed by professional learning facilitators (such as youth
trainers/workers) or volunteers (such as youth leaders or youth trainers)
• the activities are planned but are seldom structured by conventional rhythms or
curriculum subjects
• the activities usually address specific target groups and document learning in a
specific, field oriented way.

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Action 3.1.2 - Training and Networking project with Neighbouring Partner
Countries
A Training and Networking project can be of two types:

• a project promoting exchanges, cooperation and training in the field of youth work.
It will be developed with a view to implementing an Activity which supports
capacity-building and innovation among promoters, as well as the exchange of
experience, expertise and good practice among those who are involved in youth
work
• a project leading to the development of further projects under the Youth in Action
Programme. It will be developed with a view to implementing an Activity which
helps all potential promoters to prepare and develop new projects under the Youth
in Action Programme, notably by ensuring support and know-how for the
development of the projects; support for partner-finding; tools and means to
improve the quality of the projects.

The project has three phases:

• planning and preparation
• implementation of the Activity
• evaluation (including reflection on a possible follow-up).

Non-formal learning principles and practice are reflected throughout the project.

Training and Networking Activity

A Training and Networking (T&N) Project is developed with a view to implementing one of
the following Activities:

Job Shadowing (Practical learning experience) − A short stay with a partner organisation in
another country with the aim of exchanging good practice, acquiring skills and knowledge
and/or building long-term partnerships through participative observation.

Feasibility Visit − A short meeting with potential partners to explore and/or prepare for a
potential transnational project. Feasibility meetings aim to improve and develop existing
cooperation and/or to prepare a future Project within the Youth in Action Programme.

Evaluation Meeting − A meeting planned with partners, aiming to evaluate past meetings,
seminars, training courses. These meetings help partners to evaluate and discuss potential
follow-up after undertaking a common project.

Study Visit − An organised study programme, for a short period, that offers a view of youth
work and/or youth policy provisions in one host country. Study visits focus on a theme and
consist of visits and meetings to different projects and organisations in a chosen country.

Partnership-building Activity − An event organised with a view to allowing participants to
find partners for transnational cooperation and/or for project development. Partnership-
building Activity brings together potential partners and facilitates the development of new
projects around a chosen topic and/or an Action of the Youth in Action Programme.

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Seminar − An event organised to provide a platform for discussion and exchange of good
practice, based on theoretical inputs, around a chosen theme or themes which are relevant
to the youth work field.

Training Course − An educational learning programme on specific topics, aiming to
improve participants’ competences, knowledge, skills and attitudes. Training courses lead to
higher quality practice in youth work in general and/or, specifically, Youth in Action
projects.

Networking − Combination or series of Activities aiming to create new networks, or to
strengthen and widen existing networks under the Youth in Action Programme.

Youthpass
Every person who has taken part in a Youth in Action project under Action 1.1, Action 1.2,
Action 3.1 (Youth Exchanges and Training Courses), Action 2, and Action 4.3 (Training
Courses) is entitled to receive a Youthpass Certificate, which describes and validates the
non-formal and informal learning experience and outcomes acquired during the project.
Issuing a Youthpass Certificate supports learning processes within the Youth in Action
projects and enhances the quality of the projects. More support can be found in the
Youthpass Guide and other educational publications, available at www.youthpass.eu.
All Youthpass Certificates have a common structure, a coherent layout, and contain the
following information:
• personal details about the participant
• general description of the relevant Action of the Programme
• key information concerning the project and the activities realised by the participant
• description and assessment of the participant's learning outcome during the project.
Through Youthpass, the European Commission ensures that participation in the Programme
is recognised as an educational experience and a period of non-formal learning and
informal learning. This document can be of great benefit for the personal, future
educational or professional pathway of the participant.
Each beneficiary of a Youth in Action grant under the Actions concerned is responsible for:
• informing all participants involved in the project that they are entitled to receive a
Youthpass Certificate
• issuing such Certificates to all participants who request one.
These obligations are specified in the model of grant agreement between the beneficiary and
the relevant National or Executive Agency.
The technical solution for beneficiaries to issue Youthpass Certificates is available at
www.youthpass.eu.

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Speech of Mayor of Kecioren
Mr. Mustafa AK

37

Değerli katılımcılar;

İnternet'in icadı ve sosyal medyanın bu kadar yaygın
kitleler tarafından kullanımı, matbaanın icadı kadar
önemli ve toplumları, ülkeleri, insanları etkileyen bir
gelişmedir. Radyo 38 yılda, televizyon13 yılda ve
internet 4 yılda 50 milyon kullanıcı sayısına ulaştı.
Facebook ise ilk 9 ayda 100 milyon kullanıcıya
ulaşmıştır.

2000 yılında dünya nüfusunun 20 de 1 i internet kullanıcısıyken günümüzde dünya nüfusunun
3 te 1 i internet kullanıcısıdır. Son 10 yılda hem ülkemiz hem dünya bu alanda çok ciddi bir
ilerleme kaydetmiştir. 1977–1998 arasında doğan kuşağın yüzde 96’sı sosyal ağlara üye.
Ülkemizde internet kullanıcı sayısı 35 milyonun üzerinde. 35 milyonun 30 milyonu
Facebook'a üyeyken, %94,9 u en az bir sosyal paylaşım sitesine üye. İnternet kullanıcıları
artık sadece gençler değil. Ülkemiz nüfusunun %45’i kadın, erkek, genç, yaşlı, çocuk…
Kısacası herkes internet kullanıyor. Artık hayatımızda “Sosyal Medya” var. Sosyal Medya
diğer medya araçlarına göre daha hızlı, daha şeffaf, daha yaygın, daha etkileşimli bir mecra.

İnternet teknolojisinin “ağ” oluşturma ve insanları birbirine bağlama (connect) özellikleriyle
yeni kamusal alanlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Böylesine güçlü bir rolü yanında, teknolojinin
insanları, sosyal hayattan “dışlama” özelliğiyle de, eğlence dünyasına dahil ederek bireyleri
birer pasif izleyiciler haline getirdiği şeklinde olumsuz özellikleri de mevcuttur. Burada
önemli olan husus internet ve sosyal medyanın nasıl bireyler ve toplum için faydalı olarak
kullanılabileceğidir. Yeni bir sosyal alan olarak internetin günümüzde “sosyal topluluk”
oluşturmadaki gücü neredeyse kanıtlanmıştır. İnternetin topluluk oluşturma gerçeğinden
hareketle, bir “kamu menfaati” olarak hizmet ettiği ya da edeceği de şüphesizdir.

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Biz Keçiören Belediyesi olarak sosyal medyayı aktif bir şekilde kullanıyor, kurumsal olarak
sosyal medyada yer alıyoruz. İlk adımı 7 ay önce attığımızda işe sosyal medya iletişim
stratejimizi oluşturarak başladık. Türkiye'de ilk olarak belediyecilik ve sosyal medya
örneklemini ortaya koyduk. Gerek Facebook'ta gerek Twitter'da gerek Youtube'ta sadece
mesajlarımızı iletmek için değil; tek taraflı bir iletişim için değil; çift taraflı bir iletişim
kurmak için varız. Vatandaşlarımızın sosyal mecralardan gelen düşüncelerini, isteklerini
dinliyor, raporluyor ve yanıtlıyoruz. Aynı zamanda belediyemizin birçok etkinliğini, yapmış
olduğumuz çalışmalarımızı, projelerimizi günlük olarak takipçilerimizle paylaşıyoruz.
Vatandaşlarımızın belediyemizin hizmetlerinden ve faaliyetlerinden daha hızlı bir şekilde
haberdar olmalarını sağlıyoruz. Aynı zamanda sosyal medya, bize bireylerin, toplumun
gündemini, düşüncelerini çok daha kolay bir şekilde takip etmemize yarıyor.
Takipçilerimizden gelen istek ve düşüncelerle kendimizi, hizmetlerimizi geliştirebiliyoruz.

Biz daha çok Ankara ve Keçiören'deki halkımızla etkileşime girmeyi önemsiyoruz ama
teknoloji öyle bir şey ki zaman, mekan tanımıyor. Hepimizi üzüntüye sokan Van depremi
yaşandığı zaman Amerika, Romanya, Brezilya, Meksika gibi birçok ülkeden insanlar bizim
Facebook sayfamıza kendi dillerinde acınızı paylaşıyoruz, sizin için dua ediyoruz yazdılar.
Van depremi sonrasında sosyal medya üzerinden yardım kampanyası başlattık ve bu
kampanyamız takipçilerimiz tarafından çok ciddi bir karşılık buldu. Hakeza Filistine yapmış
olduğumuz bir ziyaret sonrasında Filistinli kardeşlerimiz Facebook sayfamıza düşüncelerini,
duygularını, sevgilerini yansıttılar.

Global anlamda insanlarla etkileşime girerken yerel anlamda da sosyal medyadan
faydalanıyoruz. Oluşturduğumuz network (sosyal ağ) sayesinde başka şehirlerde yaşayan
Keçiörenli hemşerilerimizle de bağı koparmıyor onlarla da iletişim kuruyoruz.

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Sosyal medyada bizi takip edenlerin yüzde 50 si gençleri oluştururken diğer yaş gruplarından
da birçok takipçimiz bulunmakta. Bunların arasında engelli vatandaşlarımız da var, engelli
vatandaşlarımız bize Facebook üzerinden evlerinden ulaşabiliyor. Bir iletişim köprüsü
kurulup engelli vatandaşlarımızın sorunlarına yönelik belediye çalışmalarımızı
geliştirebiliyoruz.

Belediye faaliyetlerimizi, seminer, konferans, panel vb. etkinliklerimizi, etkinlik öncesinde
takipçilerimize duyurarak etkinliklere katılımları ve bilinirliliği artırabiliyoruz. Mesajlarımız
sosyal medya sayesinde bireylere, bireylerin paylaşımı sayesinde ise daha geniş kitlelere
ulaşabiliyor. Vatandaşlarımız Facebook sayfamız üzerinden nikah rezervasyon, evrak takip,
vergi borcu ödeme vb. e-belediye uygulamalarımıza ulaşabiliyorlar. Sosyal medya sayesinde
basın bültenlerimizi ve mesajlarımızı daha fazla sayıda basın mensubuna, gazetecilere,
geleneksel medyanın aktörlerine ulaştırabiliyoruz. İşin birde bu boyutu var tabi ki...

En önemlisi gençlerimizle, vatandaşlarımızla, basın mensuplarıyla daha samimi daha içten bir
çift taraflı iletişimi tesis edebiliyor, bütün çalışmalarımızda da olduğu gibi insan merkezli bir
şekilde, kent hayatında kaliteyi artırmaya yönelik sosyal medya faaliyetlerimizi, internet
tabanlı halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerimizi yürütüyoruz.

Bütün bu aktivitelerin temelinde halkımıza daha iyi hizmet götürebilme çabamız vardır.
Sosyal medyayı, sağlıklı bir iletişim aracı olarak bundan sonra da daha aktif bir şekilde
kullanmaya devam edeceğiz. Bugün burada söz konusu edilen projenin de amacına ulaşmasını
temenni ediyorum. Genç arkadaşlarımıza başarılar diliyor ve her gün tesir alanı daha da
genişleyen sosyal medyanın yalnızca insanların huzur ve mutluluğuna hizmet etmesi
dileğiyle, hepinizi içtenlikle selamlıyorum.

40

THE MEDIA ASSOCIATION
Mr. Deniz ERGUREL
Secretary General

CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES
and
SOCIAL MEDIA

41

THE A NEWS TV CHANNEL
Mr. Hıdır GEVIS
Director of Social Media TV Show

JOURNALISM AND SOCIAL MEDIA

61

PROJECT

COUNTRIES, ORGANIZATIONS
&
PARTICIPANTS

75

ALBENIA
PROJEKTE VULLNETARE NDERKOMBETARE

LUIS SEITI
ERMIRA GACAJ

76

Projekte Vullnetare Nderkombetare (PVN) is an organization that
promotes peace through voluntary work and exchanges volunteers all
over the world. It is part of the Service Civil International (SCI)
network and shares the same aims and values. Besides the cooperation
with SCI, PVN fulfils the aim of its foundation by organising social,
ecological and cultural activities and involving everyone who wants the
change and wants to be part of this change. PVN is working especially to solve the Albanian
problems such as protecting the environment, integrate the migrated communities from rural areas,
working with social disadvantaged people, and raise awareness towards youth in solving the
problems of our community.

Our vision: a world in peace with clean environment and healthy society, where the Human Rights
are respected.

Our mission: we are an organization that works for a healthy society in collaboration with different
partners to encourage public awareness and its involvement into voluntary activities.

The activity areas of PVN are:

• Coordination of volunteers exchange in local and international level
• Organizing workshops and trainings for organization development, voluntary work camps
and values that we promote
• Organization and implementation of voluntary work camps within the following three
categories:

1. Physical work, such as building and restoration in the area of environment, archeology,
agriculture, etc;

2. Social work most commonly with children or people with handicaps and/or living in a difficult
social environment;

3. Work/study where work and learning opportunities are integrated.

• Informing and involving the community for voluntary projects and activities in Albania
• Promoting our aims and activities in the community
• Cooperating with all organizations and institutions that share the same values with PVN.

77

AUSTRIA
The International Center for New Media

MATHIAS HAAS

78

Who we are
A Non Profit Organization, seated in Salzburg-Austria, working
throughout 34 European Countries and networking around the world.

Function
We are running programs and projects in the field of analysis, support
and training for the development of New Media content and markets.

History
ICNM – the International Center for New Media was founded as an independent association in
November 2002.

In 1997 an initiative to promote Austrian multimedia producers was established as the Prix
MultiMediaArt which became the Austrian State Prize in the following years. The “Staatspreis für
Multimedia & e-Business” henceforth has been the explicit benchmark for all Austrian producers.

The EUROPRIX was started by the Austrian EU-presidency in 1998 as an EU member states initiative
and was supported by the European Commission DG Enterprise and Information Society,
governments of other countries in the European Union and private industries. Its aim was the
organisation of the pan-European Multimedia Content Award. The contest and related activities
continue to be organised by the contest office in Salzburg and its partner organisations in major
regions in Europe, in association with leading professional multimedia associations.

Over the last years EUROPRIX has established a platform for the development of new media
industries in Europe and professional networking of producers and designers. EUROPRIX today is
not a one-time event: It is a strategic project to develop the fast-moving multimedia markets in
Europe.

As well as the General Contest, ICNM activities stretch to EADiM – the European Academy for
Digital Media, EUROPRIX Summer Schools. A number of related activities are also organised by our
EUROPRIX Partners in 26 European Countries.

In 2002 the EUROPRIX Top Talent Award kicked off to focus on the young and upcoming
multimedia producers throughout Europe.

The increasing worldwide activities incorporated by the World Summit Award and the growing
range of themes treating the most innovative developments made it necessary for ICNM to find a
new form of organization and a new home.

79

AZERBAIJAN
TRANSITIONS ONLINE

ULVIYYA MAMMADOVA
EMIN HUSEYNZADE
JAVID GULIYEV

80

Transitions (TOL) is a nonprofit organization established to
strengthen the professionalism, independence and impact of the
news media in the post-communist countries of Europe and the
former Soviet Union. We do this through a combination of
journalism and media training programs, and the publication of
Transitions Online magazine.

Journalism & Media Training
Training journalists and other media professionals in post-communist Europe and Central Asia has
always been a key part of TOL’s mission. We run a variety of programs – residential, distance
learning, seminars, internships and coaching – with two main aims: to offer practical journalism
training, and to help participants either improve existing media outlets or set up new ones.

Transitions Online Magazine
Transitions Online is an Internet magazine that covers political, social, cultural, and economic issues
in the former communist countries of Europe and Central Asia. The magazine has a strong network
of local contributors, who provide valuable insight into events in the region’s 29 countries.

History
TOL was established in April 1999, the month after the publication of the final issue of its print
predecessor, Transitions magazine. (The print magazine was first published in 1994 by the Open
Media Research Institute, a joint venture between Radio Free Europe and the Open Society Institute.)
Four of the former print magazine’s staff members established Transitions Online as a means of
keeping the widely respected, cross-border coverage of the magazine alive.

Funding
Our training activities would not be possible without the support of our donors, but we also rely on
several streams of “self-generated” income.Training activities tend to be funded by grants, which
account for some 75 percent of TOL’s income. However, the Transitions Online magazine is
increasingly funded by income from membership subscriptions, advertising sponsorship and
syndication. This “self-generated” income accounts for 25 percent of the organization’s revenue,
and helps to maintain the editorial independence of the magazine.

Donations
TOL recently launched a drive for donations from our readers and supporters. For the past 11 years,
our organization has dedicated itself to nurturing the development of a healthy and robust Fourth
Estate in the former Soviet sphere. But to maintain our crucial ability to help reformers, we could
use your assistance. We urge you to donate and support our efforts to bring the benefits of a free
press to this crucial part of the world.

81

EGYPT
OYOUN MASR ASSOCIATION

AHMED MAGDY GHARIB
MOHAMED ELSAYED ELKADY

82

It is clear that we work on spreading both social peace and dialogue
between cultures and the peace of non-violence and discarding
militarized conflicts through many programs and projects.

Our Main Current National Project:

• Civilization Ambassadors Winter Camp:

Annual Winter Camp for two weeks in January & Septmber for non Egyptian youth, touring Egypt in
a snap without a Guide or a Map, visiting 5 of Egypt’s top cities, not as an ordinary tourist.

Discover the Greco Roman civilization Of Alexandria, wander in the streets of Cairo and witness its
Islamic and Coptic aspects, relax in the Bedouin atmosphere of Siwa, marvel at the greatness of
Ancient Egypt in Luxor and Aswan then take a sun tan in Hurghada!

• Youth Festival

The idea of a youth festival emerged, when we noticed the announcements of senior officials and the
different authorities in the government; about the chances provided for youth during the past
period. So, we decided to confront the officials yearly in an annual meeting, called " Youth Festival ";
to dialogue and discuss the issues of youth in general, and according to an annual program, which is
prepared by a group of youth (the organizing committee), not the dialogue for the sake of dialogue,
but the dialogue for the sake of studying, analyzing, and setting prospects to solve problems of a
generation, that found itself unable to participate as a part among many other parts who imposed
itself to speak on the behalf of that generation.

• Oyoun Masr Youth Parliament

This parliament is considered to be a miniature of the legislative parliament, its content expresses
the democracy of the Egyptian youth and their awareness, which provide a bigger opportunity to
participate in the public work and express the opinion and thinking about the issues and burdens of
the country.

• Democratic University

The project aims at spreading the culture of positive and democratic participation among the
different sectors of society and specially among youth, for the sake of choosing who will represent
them in the parliament, as this choice leads to determine the country's future of policies' legislation
and determine the future and destiny of the country's sons

83

GERMANY
2470 MEDIA ORGANIZATION

DANIEL NAUCK
MICHEAL HAURI
SHROORESH FEZONI
RODRIGO DIAZ
HANNES ALPEN

84

2470media is a multimedia production studio out of Berlin, Germany.

2470media is developing stories and new narrative concepts for New Media,
agencies and photographers as well as for NGO’s and charity-organisations.

2470media is also an evolving network of visually driven journalists founded
by the Photojournalists Shooresh Fezoni, Michael Hauri and Daniel Nauck.

We are members of Freelance – a German Photojournalists Association and the Deutsche
Journalisten Verband (DJV, German Journalist Association)

We are awarded with the Deutscher Reporterpreis 2010 (well anticipated german reportage-award)

And First Winner of the Axel-Springer-Award for best Online-Journalism in 2011.)

85

ITALY
YOUNG EFFECT ASSOCIATION

ADRIANA INDRIES
PAOLO BOVIO

86

Young Effect Association is a new non-profit organization created in 2009. lt
is an independent association and undertakes tocarry out the following
prerogatives:

• Promotion of youth mobility in Europe and the rest of the world.

• Non-formal education on intercuhural youth dialogue and human
rights.

• lnclusion of youth in the civil society independentty of their race, religion, gender and level
of instruction.

• Promotion of interest in development of historical, environmental, cultural and economic
resources in the local tenitory.

• Offer training, seminars or similar activities at local, national and intemational level.
Young Efiect Association is officially recognised by the municipality of Magenta in Lombardia
region, Milano district of ltaly.
The Association is composed of Counsellors with specialist backgrounds in social policies and youth
education; members o fthe association abo have great experiene in European projects development.
The Association is working with a specific methodology; the youth involved come from small
communities, where social and cultural opportunities are bw. Moreover we have many partnerships
with local cuftural, art, theatre and sport agsgciations as well with several groups of youngsters.

87

JORDAN
JORDAN YOUTH INNOVATION FORUM

MOHAMMAD BARAKAT SHEHAP
AFNAN ALWAHSH

88

The group was founded in 2004, and that does not mean that our
activity started then. Many youth participated in local and
international meetings before this time.The group started with only
few members but from all over the Kingdom to ensure cultural
diversity and reach all the areas. Priority has been given to female
participation to support and empower gender equality.

All the organization activities are supported by democratic concepts,
training and active participation, and youth leadership.The organization obtains it values from the
Jordanian deep-rooted traditions and norms, with faith in creativity and sustainable development by
using the newest technology and communication methods.

Our work is ‘citizenship’ in all it’s great meanings and involving society at each stage of our
processes.

Leader for change and sustainable development

For the year 2012 the organization has adopted a new vision to support youth leaders capable of
facilitating lasting change and development. As an active voluntary youth movement we expected
future generations to benefit from our work today. Through the voluntary network across the
kingdom, young people are mobilized through different programs and projects with other
organizations and foundations to achieve the most amount of change and development.

How we work?

Our organization works today with a modern vision toward developing the local
societies.Knowledge and expertise in information technology, global communication processes, and
development processes is developed through exchanges. We adapt international accepted
methodologies to our own programs and projects.

The organization has a special network & programs for the volunteering youths. They are provided
with the chance to volunteer in civil society organizations and programs, with support from trainers
and leaders in the youth and voluntary field. This gives the youth the ability to improve their
citizenship, through national organizations and participate in activities all over the Kingdom,
creating a special communication network along the way.

89

KOSOVO
PEER EDUCATION NETWORK

EDONA ZOGU
DAFINA RAMIZI

90

Peer Education Network - PEN is a youth initiative whose aim is the
Promotion of the concept for Peer Education as an approach to youth
information and education with special focus on Prevention of
HIV/AIDS, Promotion of Life Skills and Health Education, Prevention
of Human Trafficking, Promotion of the Process of European
Integration and Regional Cooperation, Promotion of Cultural Diversity and Promotion of
Environmental Protection.
Meanwhile, Peer Educators Network is an administrator of UNICEF Innovations Lab Kosovo, which
cultivates Innovations for the benefit of Kosovo’s youth. By Youth For Youth projects are a chance for
Kosovo youth to impact their own lives, and those of their peers. The Design Center directly designs
and implements technological innovations for Kosovo institutions that work on behalf of youth and
children. The Youth Advocacy Platform seeks to build the capacity to Kosovo’s youth to directly
address key social issues within their communities, with the goal of establishing a sustainable
network of youth-led advocacy, civic engagement and policy influence.

Kosovo is the youngest region in Europe, with more than half of its population under 25 years old.
Moreover, research has shown that many youth do not have ways to participate in processes that
affect them. The Innovations Lab By Youth For Youth projects provide Kosovo youth this
opportunity.

At the Innovations Lab, we support Kosovo youth turn their innovative and impactful ideas into
reality. The Lab will help youth transform ideas into actionable projects and implement them. We
provide small scale funding for projects; mentors help manage and implement projects; necessary
equipment and office space for co-working is provided; connections to Kosovo institutions and to a
community of young change-makers are supported!

91

MACEDONIA
MLADIINFO – FEJS MK

PETAR KLINCHARSKI
JASNA ATANASOVA

92

Mladiinfo- FEJS MK was established in 2003 as a non-
profit, independent organization dedicated to help young
people fulfill their educational potential as they are
challenged by many educational disadvantages caused by
either personal, social, cultural or economic
circumstances. As a logical result of this mission was the
founding of the web magazine www.mladiinfo.eu, updated and supported by young local and
European volunteers, with the goal to bring international opportunities: scholarships,
internships, conferences, volunteering to students in Macedonia but also all around Europe. In
2010 the Mladiinfo Center opened the doors for the young people, organizing events aiming to
help them in studying and employment opportunities.

Since its founding, Mladiinfo-FEJS MK organized a number of conferences, seminars and
workshops focused on issues such as: human rights, minority rights, journalism, digital
photography etc. , all with the purpose to raise awareness and give the opportunity to young
people to garner new knowledge and improve certain skills. Hundreds of young people from all
over Europe have taken part in these events.

Our Vision

To aid respective young individuals in developing personally and increasing their independence so
that they could become more active agents in the society and thus transform it, which will make
them more prepared for the forthcoming challenges they might face in the future.

Our mission

To help the young people from the region that need a particular support to fulfill their educational
potential as they are challenged by many educational disadvantages caused by either personal,
social, cultural or economic circumstances.

Our main goals

1. To raise awareness amongst young people from the region about available educational
opportunities and how these can be accessed to enable them to be fully integrated in the
society.
2. To improve young people’s key skills to empower them to apply for different educational
programs, training courses, conferences, internships and to improve their entrepreneurship,
employability and provide information that helps people become more employable.
3. To provide the space for the young people where they could prepare for the active role in
the society.

93

PALESTINE
PALESTINE NEWS NETWORK

MONJED JADOU
BISHARA KUTTAB

94

We are a group of independent Palestinian journalists and
editors who work on a strictly professional level without
favoring one political party over another or any religion
over another.

We report from a Palestinian perspective as we see that the
media is rife with Israeli sources. We strive to empower the
Palestinian people and their cause, particularly that of
nonviolent resistance to occupation. We began in 2002 and
have radio, television, and several languages to choose from on our website. PNN has won the
confidence of the people in addition to local and international press agencies by providing quick,
accurate, credible and objective news.

We offer a desk-top news ticker, SMS service and widget capabilities for our breaking news. PNN
also works to provide media services to institutions and individuals, both local and foreign. Through
its television production division, the network produces documentaries and also assists in their
production for those seeking this service. PNN offers photography, director and montage services in
addition to providing the necessary facilities required for this line of work.

PNN is the first Palestinian internet radio station that broadcasts around the clock by putting a
number of taped and live programs on the website, to which a web user can listen.

PNN endorses the idea of supporting and strengthening the role of the local Palestinian media
through unifying news sources and publishing news bulletins simultaneously to a number of radio
stations in the West Bank and Gaza. Given that PNN has a network of professional reporters and
editors distributed throughout the West Bank and Gaza Strip and since a number of them work with
local Palestinian radio stations, PNN decided to take on this pioneer role to strengthen and endorse
the local media and hence help to build Palestinian society in reaching its utmost potential.

Our team is spread throughout the Middle East and Europe, including Paris, Cairo, Beirut, Amman,
and everywhere in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip.

We do not necessarily "lead with the blood of the day," but that is a part of the daily life experienced
by the residents of the land. However, other aspects of life are equally important including culture,
art, internal politics, finance, effects of the occupation on all aspects of life, and foremost the
nonviolent Palestinian resistance.

95

POLAND
EUROPEJSKIE FORUM STUDENTOW - AEGEE

UFUK BAL

96

AEGEE (Association des Etats Généraux des Etudiants de l’Europe
/European Students’ Forum) is a student organisation that promotes co-
operation, communication and integration amongst young people in
Europe. As a non-governmental, politically independent, secular and
non-profit organisation AEGEE is open to students and young people
from all faculties and disciplines – today it counts 13.000 members,
active in more than 200 university cities in 40 European countries, making it the biggest
interdisciplinary student association in Europe.
AEGEE, which was founded in 1985 in Paris, puts the idea of a unified Europe into practice. A
widely spread student network provides the ideal platform where youth workers and young
volunteers from 40 European countries can work together on cross border activities such as
conferences, seminars, exchanges, training courses, Summer Universities, Case Study trips and
Working Group meetings.
The association’s main aims are:

• Promoting a unified Europe without prejudices,
• Striving for creating an open and tolerant society of today and tomorrow,
• Fostering democracy, human rights, tolerance, cross border cooperation, mobility and
European dimension in education.

All the numerous events and projects run by the organisation are to be focused on our 4 Fields of
Action (Cultural Exchange, Active Citizenship, Higher Education, Peace & Stability) and 3 Focus
Areas (Youth Participation, Bridging Europe and Inclusion of Minorities).

European Students’ Forum AEGEE Wrocław is a non-governmental student association based in
Wrocław, and actively organising projects in Wrocław, Lower Silesia, Poland and Europe. The
organisation was established in 1991 as one of the first NGOs of this type in Central and Eastern
Europe.
Currently AEGEE Wrocław has around 50 members from different universities and different
faculties in the region, such as University of Economics in Wrocław, Wrocław University of
Technology or University of Wrocław. As an interdisciplinary organisation we organise projects
touching various thematics and we are open for young people from different backgrounds and with
different interests.
AEGEE Wrocław is officially registered in the three above- mentioned universities, and we have
many years experience of cooperating with them. We have had experience in organising YOUTH
projects since the year 2004. We organised youth exchanges, seminar and job shadowing visit.

.

97

ROMANIA
TERRA INCOGNITA

NICOLETA VASILCOVSCHI
IOAN VIOREL COZMEI

98

What we do?

The ''Terra Incognita'' is a registered NGO, set up by multimedia
professionals in 2010. The Foundation is active in all fields of
conservation; data-recording, inventory, survey, restoration,
training and scientific research. In todays media environment
the voice of indepented documentary is more important than
ever.

‘’Terra Incognita’’ is committed to furthering the role documantary film making and multimedia
channels plays in focusing attention on critical issues and providing first-hand on-the-ground
information. More than anything else, the organization encourages people to look listen, learn, think
for themselves and act on their understanding. Our is an age of distraction in wihch we are
bombarded with de-contexttualized images and contradictory information. Documentary
filmmaking and photgraphy can provide an antidote to this but the shifting media environment has
led to tighter budgets and shorter assignments which have resulted in superficial coverage that no
longer tells the great stories of our age. The best documentaries are time intensive and requires a
thoughtful commitment to telling stories with integrity, compassion, and respect for truth, accuracy,
and fairness, We encourage the creation and dissemination of indepth documentary filmmaking and
photography that has the power to touch hearts and minds. To this end, the ‘’Terra Incognita’’
supports the work of documentary photographers and filmmakers through grants bursaries and
awards for projects of significant informational and educational value. The organization Works to
increase public understanding and appreciation of important social, cultural, artistic and
environmental issues through exhibitions, presentations, workshops and seminars. We want to carry
out our mission as efficiently as possible. We therefore focus on acitivity domains on which we can
make a difference.

How we do it?

Communications and Media: We stimulate informed and inspired public action;

Wilderness Policy and Management; We promote the most effective wild-lands legislation and
management to benefit human communities;

Field Projects: We train individuals, incubate and asist organizations and provide urgently needed
conservation supplies;

Our flexible but well-focused organization, plus our ability to collaboratively leverage a wide range
of resources throughout our international partners, allow us to generate high-results in the short
term, to do so cost effectively, and to empower partners to help us maintain long term results.

99

SLOVENIA
KLUB GORISKH STUDENTOV

IGOR BIJUKLIC
KATJA KREMENIC
ANA FRATNIK
BLAZ KOSOVEL

100

Club is a voluntary, apolitical organization of Slovenian and foreign
students, aimed at integration, further education and cultural, sporting
and other engagement. Student organizations have the status of local
communities in accordance with the community of students and
conditions contained in the Student Constitution. Supports in particular
the following objectives: to bring together students of Nova Gorica region
and those that are there in school, providing assistance to further then
interests in varios areas, working with other student organizations and associations in Slovenia and
abroad, organize meetings of students, participates in the development of life in local communities
and other.

101

SPAIN
ASSOCIATION of HUAUQUIPURA

PABLO GARCIA SAINZ
LUCIA DE MOSTEYRIN
MATILDE CASUCCIO
MACIEJ DEKERT AVILA

102

Huauquipura works for their purposes, mainly carrying out the
following actions:

To sensitize public opinion. Huauquipura has participated in
numerous campaigns and education throughout its history,
including:

• Awareness campaigns and education:

• Animations missionary and parish retreats

• Investigation Board of Education of the FAS

• Conferences and lectures.

• Exhibition of New Artists

• Music Concert

• Field work in impoverished countries.

• Promoting Mutual Development and Co-development

• Project CooperaPYMES

Publish and denounce situations of injustice in the impoverished villages.

Huauquipura has participated in numerous campaigns of denunciation and platforms throughout
its history, including:

Campaigns and platforms:

• Once the Liberation of Putumayo

• Amazon: Present and ...

• Campaign for creation of funds for development in the City of Zaragoza

103

MACBET
SESSIONS

104

“Storytelling Applied to Web 2.0”

2470 Media Organization
Mr. Daniel Nauck
Mr. Shooresh Fezoni
Mr. Micheal Hauri

106

“Media Strategies”

Zenith Magazine
Mr. Hannes Alpen

121

“Reporting and Writing in Digital Media”

Klup Goriskh Studentov
Mr. Igor Bijuklic

134

Working title: »How to read media language«

In the following description I would like to explain as clear as possible some crucial points
regarding linguistic aspects of critical journalism. I have already shown in the title that the
proposed workshop will try to focus on how we can perceive, read, use and analyse media
language, especially outside established mainstream frames. In other words it is possible to
say that the ability to read media content “between the lines” is essential, if we want to
obtain a respectable level of criticism in journalistic reading and writing and at the same
time avoid becoming involuntary PR agents.

The workshop will try to expose the following problems:

1. The myth of media objectivity.

We can say that the ideological platform of mainstream media is always more or less based
on “objectivity” or “neutrality”. In other words, they represent themselves as researchers
and deliverers of pure and genuine facts or even truth. We can put it very clearly that there
is no such thing as “objective” or “neutral” in the field of human affairs. We will try to
expose some alternatives to this problematic approach, especially in the direction of
everyone’s possibility to think and understand or in other words to reread this so called
unbiased facts and truth. We will try to turn upside down the questions like “which source
of information do you trust” or “who do you believe” to “am I able to make my own
judgements” or “do I trust my ability to think and make conclusions out the information I
get”. We already know in advance, which “type” or “mode” of the information selection is
functioning in the background of a certain media unit (TV, newspaper), but never can
media think this information instead of us.

This part is very important because it is now explicitly clear that modern mechanism of
ideology and dominion are not functioning through coercive force but through soft
approaches of language games that unable us to think even the basic facts and events that
regard our own time and problems.

135

2. The mechanisms and production of media content.

As journalists we are daily facing an endless stream of information, which have to be
analysed, checked, rewritten, reread. This very delicate part of journalists work requires
knowledge and awareness where, how and for what purposes information we came across
is produced and consequently how the language is used in this production process.

We will try to show on some examples the relation between information and propaganda,
the role of PR in daily information and journalism, how the information is selected and
constructed and how/why the language experts (per example PR professionals) see the
public sphere as a raw material which has to be “engineered”.

3. How to read critical the media language.

Our starting point, which is a small detail but crucial, is based on a simple fact that we can
not think with our eyes. Consequently instead of watching news, TV we have to step out of
the image, picture and start to read TV, news, internet, etc.

In this part we will try to show how a certain type of language is functioning in
mainstream media and where are its limits. Because the basic skill of every journalist is the
ability to ask questions we will begin with dedicating our attention to the smallest details
like new fashionable words, slogans and especially metaphors that are used at the sources of
political, economic and social power, how to read them and how to limit their effect. This
part is focused on raising awareness that the most significant problems begin where things
appear normal and self-evident. We will look at the possible creative ways in the process of
formulating questions and problematizing this frequently used language and how to expose,
if possible, its own paradoxes.

136

THEMATIC SESSIONS

137

“Enhancing the Cosmopolitan Cooperation
Between Media Workers”

The International Center for New Media
Mr. Mathias Haas

138

“New Media in CIS Countries”

Transitions Online
Mr. Emin Huseynzade
Mr. Javid Guliyev

157

“Mass Media in Conflict Areas”

Mr. Rodrigo Diaz

162

“Media Ethics and Human Rights”

Peer Educators Network
Ms. Edona Zogu

167

Media and Minors

Representation of Children in Media
During the visit of Albania Prime Minister Sali Berisha in Prizren, in June 2006, a local television
made a report on Berishas visit and the reporter while interviewing the citizens also asked a 6 years
old child. “What do you think about Berisha visit in Prizren?”

We only can imagine what the answer of that child was in that case. In fact the answer given to
reporter from a child is not important at all. Probably he didn’t have any idea of who is Sali Berisha,
and why he was among the crowd of people, together with his parents.

“Simply, a child cannot be interviewed for political issues”, says Bashmir Xhemaj, a member of
Board of Directors of Kosovo Professional Journalists Association

The example taken here shows that unfortunately there is no criteria for selecting the interviews like
children from local and national media.

In Kosova, there are three televisions and a big number of daily newspapers. There is no one who
can give a clear definition of how children are represented in media, since children are not the main
issue in Kosova media.

Everyone says that children are not represented very well in media, but without knowing the main
reason why.

Missing regulations

In country there is no law or other legal element that sets the standards about the use of children in
media and their rights toward them.

Media law adopted by Kosova Parliament doesn’t mention by any words how media should treat
children.

The only thing left from missing legal protection, is the self regulation of children rights from media
themselves or their associations.

Most of the media in Kosova doesn’t have their reporting and ethical standards adopted and
published so the public can know how they protect the rights of minors. This way it is left to the
will of editorial board or editors to decide how they will treat minors in their daily activities.

Only public broadcaster, Radio Televizioni i Kosoves (RTK) in their professional standards published
on web page has settled some rules about children and minor protection. These rules however give
too much responsibility to the editors to decide what materials containing children or minors, that
gives impression of a document that more protects editors than children and minors act.

175

“RTK conserves the right not to transmit any video material with children (i.e. naked children or in
humiliating situations) that are considered as degrading or humiliating”, is written in Professional
Standards of public broadcaster 1.

There is only one self regulating document, the Press code for Kosovo that in section VI, talks about
the protection of Children and Minors, made of two paragraphs.

“Journalists should not interview or photograph children under the age of 15 on matters involving
the child’s family without the consent of a parent or other adult responsible for the child”, says the
first paragraph.

Press Code of Kosovo is document adopted from the Press Council of Kosova, a print media self
regulation organisation. Member of this organisations are most of the kosovar newspapers, which
joined the council voluntarily and adopted the Press code.

In the second paragraph of this code it is mentioned that “Newspapers and periodicals shall not,
under any circumstances, identify children under the age of 15 who are involved in criminal cases
as victims, witnesses or defendants” 2.

Situation is totally different in other countries, where democracy is in higher level and media are
less influenced by the state.

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) has published in their web site editorial and ethical standard
where some of its part defines the protection of children rights.

BBC refers as children and young people to those that are under the age of 18, declaring that their
“welfare of someone under the age of eighteen is our paramount consideration which means their
interests and safety must take priority over any editorial requirement”.

“All children and young people, regardless of age, disability, gender, racial or ethnic origin,
religious belief and sexual identity have a right to protection from harm or abuse” 3

Journalists Concerns

According to Kosovo Professional Journalists Association, in Kosovo there is no separation and
presentation of children in media.

1
http://www.rtklive.com/rtk/rreg.php
2
Press Code Of Kosova

3
BBC's Child Protection Policy,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/editorialguidelines/edguide/children/bbcchildprotect.shtml

176

“This issue is not regulated at all, and it was never on the agenda, that usually in other places
happens like in countries with developed democracy and professional media”, says Bashmir Xhemaj,
a member of AGPK.

Xhemaj expressed a little optimism, when he talked about the local and national media. He thinks
that beside that the media law doesn’t speak about children, it still exist a difference related to
representation of children in local and national media.

A concern for Kosovo Professional Journalists Association is that children are presented with no
criteria in television advertisings.

“KFOR does the worst actions in this direction, where in all the advertisements for peace and multi-
ethnicity, on its background there are always Kosovar children”, says Xhemaj.

Xhemaj says that AGKP, considers that children representation in media have to be adjusted with
legal directives and regulations.

Durime Perjuci – Elshani, responsible for children program in Kohavision, says that children are not
represented as bad as Xhemaj claims.

“There are children who present very well themselves into televisions. Kohavision, many times, had
very good and creative requests from children, in improving the children’s program”, says Perjuci.

In the same time Perjuci didn’t deny that beside the good representation, there is also the dark side.
“There are some children that are not represented so well. Many children imitate actresses and
singers. And many times they have too many makeup, hair colours, etc...

Perjuci blamed the parents for children’s bad representation. “Many times, children that are
presented in televisions are obliged by their parents to look like adults, since they initiate that their
children have to go to hairdresser for makeup and for hair look”, says Perjuci.

Another thing that Perjuci sees as wrong ways of representation, are the song lyrics. Many times
minor singers sing about love, that according to Perjuci’s opinion, song lyrics for children should be
relevant and revised, “so that they don’t create ideas of love between two adult people into children’s
minds” ends Perjuci.

Citizens and psychologist left in the middle

In contrary with children TV programme hostess, Rabije Alia a medical doctor and mother of two
children, talks about the bad representation of children in television and in the same time the impact
that this representation is reflected to her daughters.

“My daughters love to see television, especially the music. But many times, my older daughter asked
me to buy her makeup and clothes that doesn’t fit to her age”, says Alia.

177

She thinks that her two daughters are affected directly from young children, since her older
daughter is five years old and she likes to imitate her favourites.

Dashamir Berxulli, a lecturer in University of Prishtina- Department of Psychology, except that
doesn’t like the way of children representation in media, he also thinks, that there are no programs
for children.

Berxulli says that there is a lack of programs for children and that media doesn’t consider children
as an important segment in content.

“The most important thing is that in the few programs for children, there is no quality. Beside this,
very often, children are used from the adults, in reaching their ambitions that in fact should be
considered as a kind of maltreatment”, adds Berxulli

In a country where no more than 10 years ago pictures of killed children from Serbian forces left in
the middle of field have been used as a tool for asking help, there are many things to be done for not
even showing them happy on TV without parents permission.

Bibliography

1. Child Protection Policy, British Broadcasting Corporation
2. Interview with Bashmir Xhemaj, Member of AGKP Board
3. Interview with Dashamir Berxulli, Lecturer in University of Prishtina, Department of
Psychology
4. Interview with Durime Perjuci – Elshani, Reposnsible person for Children’s Programme in
Kohavision
5. Interview with Rabije Alia, Medical Doctor and Mother
6. Press Code Of Kosova, Press Council of Kosova
7. Professional Standards of Radio Television ii Kosoves

178

“Internet Censorship”

Jordan Youth Innovation Forum
Mr. Mohammad Brakat Shehap
Ms. Afnan AlWahsh

179

“The Role of the Media in Implementing and
Internalizing Democracy”

Oyoun Masr Association
Mr. Ahmed Magdy Gharib
Mr. Mohamed Elsayed Elkady

190

WHAT WE HAVE DONE?

206

THEMATIC PRESENTATION

228

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