2. Motion pictures
• A series of still pictures photographs on
film, projected in rapid succession onto a
screen .
• Motion pictures are filmed with a movie
camera, which makes rapid exposures of
people or objects in motion, and shown with
a movie projector, which reproduces sound
synchronized with the images.
• A form of entertainment that enacts a
story by sound and a sequence of images
giving the illusion of continuous movement;
“they went to a movie every Saturday
night”; “the film was shot on location”
3. “Principal inventors of motion picture
machines”
-Thomas Alva Edison (in the U.S.) and the
Lumiere brothers in France.
Film production:
-Centered in France in the early 20th
century, but by 1920 the U.S. had
become dominant.
Directors and stars:
-moved to Hollywood, movie studios
expanded, reaching their zenith in the
1930’s and ’40’s. when they also typically
owned extensive theatre chains.
4. • Movie making was marked by a new
internationalism in the 1950’s and
’60’s, which also saw the rise of the
independent filmmaker.
• The sophistication of a special effects
increased greatly from the 1970’s.
• The U.S film industry, with its
immense technical resources, has
continued to dominate the world
market to the present day.
5. Aims of motion pictures
• This study provides a historical overview of
the development of the motion picture as a
tool within the context of science
education.
• The technology was traced from its
beginning as a silent motion picture through
its current manifestation in videotapes and
videodiscs.
• The use of the technology as a teaching
tool is examined in terms of the concept of
scientific literacy and the means by which
the motion picture helped to accomplish the
goals of scientific literacy.
6. Disadvantages of motion pictures
• Since it involves sophisticated technology there can be
audio and visual difficulties, which cannot be resolved
by the professor (Galbreth, 1995.) while compressed
video holds great promise for expanding t he classroom,
it also amplifies poor teaching styles and strategies.
• Interactive video is attractive to administrators for
several reasons.
• It provides access to education to those who live in
remote locations and cannot travel to the university.
• It can provide access to at-risk or special needs
students (Woodruff and Mosby, 1996.)
• It enables large numbers of students to be taught
simultaneously by one instructor; outside speakers can
be involved who would not otherwise be available, and
students can become linked with others from different
communities, backgrounds and cultures (Willis, 1992.)
7. Advantages
• Motion pictures can be effective because it
allows for “real time” or synchronous visual
contact between students and the
instructor or among students at different
site.
• It supports the use of diverse media.
• Many things common in the traditional
classroom can be used in the interactive
classroom, such as blackboard, documents,
videos, and transparencies.
