London is the capital city of the United Kingdom. It is located on the River Thames in southeast England. Some key facts about London are that it has a population of over 8 million people, making it one of the most populated cities in Europe. London is also known for its diversity, with people from all over the world living in the city. Major landmarks include Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, Tower Bridge, and St. Paul's Cathedral. The city has extensive public transportation options and holds many annual ceremonies and traditions, such as the Changing of the Guard and Trooping the Colour.

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Some information about
London.
• London it is the capital of the United Kingdom Great Britain to which also Scottland,
Wales and North Ireland.
• The city is located at the south east of the British island at the Thames, the river that
had a big significance in the developement of the city.
• The City of London of today, not too big with a surface of approximately 2,6 square
km.
• London is the most populated city of the European Community. Also, it is one of the
most diversified in population, as London is what is so called multiculti.
• In the street life it is common to see beside white people also black people, people
from Asia and islamic women wearing veils.
• The geographical location of the city is a special one. Greenwich by London is the
point at which the zero meridian has been determined. From here, the degrees of
longitude are initiated and the time zones are related to this place.

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Where is located ?

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Practical Tips
In this country they speak british English . So to be completely sure please check
the words which can change from American English to British English

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Practical Tips
 A very important matter, as England and London do refer in many things from the rest
of Europe. Take care with the diferents changes of weather.
 London is not a cheap city at all, just the opposite, it is considered as the most
expensive city of Europe. By this way, there is to think about the type of journey one
books.
 If you want to know and to get introduce into the city you have to take a lot of time.
Even 1 or 2 weeks are not enough for this purpose. Thus, one should previously
decide in what to focus because this city offers so many interesting things.
 if you would to explore the city its much better with public means of transport.
Therefore, the travel-card is to some extent a must. With this card, one can use the
subway and the bus service so the price depends on the included zones, the validation
time and validation days.
 It is worth considering if one should book a London-passport, this also depends on
what one has planned to do. With this passport, one has free entrance to a lot of
sightseeings and gets discounts for many others. Additionally, in some places one can
get in straight away without having to queue for the tickets. This can be very helpful
considering the long queues.

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Practical Tips
 the exchange of money has to be converted in pounds and pennies. By rule of thumb,
a pound is approximately 1,40 euros. This of course depends on the exchange rate of
the day and can be changed at any time.

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Transport in London
 London has one of the largest urban transport networks in the world, with integrated
bus, river and road systems spanning the city's 32 boroughs.
 London buses are a quick, convenient and
cheap way to travel around London, with
plenty of sightseeing opportunities en
route.
 London's Underground rail network, or
"the Tube" as it is known, is normally the
quickest and easiest way of travelling
around London.
 The innovative, driverless Docklands Light
Railway (DLR) serves parts of East and South
East London including Canary Wharf.

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Transport in London
 River Bus Services travelling by river is a
great way to travel across London. You'll
beat the traffic and soak up some fantastic
views along the way
 Local Trains use London's local trains
and Overground network to travel across
the city and beyond the Tube.
 London Trams run in parts of South
London between Wimbledon, Croydon,
Beckenham and New Addington. The
services are frequent and accessible.

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Transport in London
 London's public bicycle scheme is a great
way to travel around the city - and the first
half an hour is free
 From iconic London black cabs to local
minicabs, we've got all the information
you need to help you travel around
London by taxi.
 Glide above the Thames in the Emirates
Air Line, an easy way to get from the
Greenwich Peninsula to the Royal Docks.
Or just ride this cable car for its amazing
view of London from an angle you may
not have seen before.

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British Cusine
Thanks to its weather conditions, these islands have ideal land for farming. This change in
approach to British cuisine is expressed through flavorsome, fresh and traditional dishes.
 Welsh rarebit: This tasty treat is a chic version of
cheese on toast and is made using grated Cheddar or
Stilton cheese and a mustard and beer sauce that is mixed
together with an egg and placed on top of a slice of toast
before being grilled in the oven.
Beef Wellington: This is a whole fillet of beef
covered in pastry and is similar to the French beef en
croute. However, to add a pinch of patriotism, the British
have renamed it after The Duke of Wellington´s victory
over Napoleon

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British Cusine
 Sunday roast with Yorkshire pudding:
This is a traditional roast dinner with beef or lamb and a good
Yorkshire pudding which should be light so you can mop up the
juices of the meat.
 Fish and chips
Served with a simple wedge of lemon, fish and chips are
unbeatable when nice and crispy.
Chiken Tikka Massala: This is the UK’s
most popular dish and was, as legend
says, created in an Indian restaurant in
Glasgow. You are free to believe it or
not

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Big Ben is certainly one of London England's most well-
known city landmarks. Although many tourists believe that
Ben is the clock tower that graces the UK Parliament
Buildings, it is actually the 14 ton bell that is hidden in the
tower. The bell was named after Benjamin Hall, the chief
commissioner back in 1858.
There is no sound that pleases London visitors more than
the unique chime that originates from the 320 foot tower
at Westminster.
Landmarks in London
British Parliament :The Palace of Westminster
(British Houses of Parliament) is a gorgeous gothic revival
building located on the banks of the River Thames in
London England. It is comprised of two chambers: The
House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The Palace was constructed in 1840. Members of the
British House of Commons (659 seats) are elected by UK
citizens. Members of the House of Lords (over 1,000 seats)
are appointed by parliament.

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Buckingham Palace: is the official residence of Her
Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II in London England. It is
undoubtedly the most well known palace in the world.
A guided tour of the palace is available during the summer
months when the Queen is out of town.
Buckingham Palace is located in Westminster, near Green
Park and St. James Park
Landmarks in London
Westminster Cathedral: Westminster Cathedral in
London England is the ornate Roman Catholic cathedral in
the city centre. Its unique Italian-Byzantine red and white
architecture attracts visitors from around the world.
Westminster Cathedral is located in SW1 in the City of
Westminster.

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Kensington Palace in London England is a royal
residence and the former home of Princess Diana and her
sons. The palace is located west of the round pond in
Kensington Gardens.
Landmarks in London
London Bridge is one of the best known landmarks in
London England. Officially called "Tower Bridge", this
combined bascule and suspension bridge consists of two
213 foot towers. The central 200 foot central span can be
raised to permit ships to pass underneath
London Eye British Airways' is a 450 foot wheel that is
located on the Thames River in London England. Visitors
can enjoy a spectacular view of the city from the top of the
world's largest wheel.
Many tourists to London England enjoy visiting this
attraction in the evening hours when London glitters with
lights. The London Eye is located in London SE1
(Southwark).

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The Old Bailey in London England is undoubtedly the
most well-known courthouse in the world. It is London's
Central Criminal Court.
The building was badly bombed during the war but has
been rebuilt. Visitors to London England can attend a trial
session and witness a real-world court case is session.
The statue on the dome of the Old Bailey depicts a women
holding a sword (that represents the power to punish) and
a balance (that represents equity). This statue symbolizes
justice.
Landmarks in London
Piccadilly Circus is London England's equivalent to
Time Square in New York City. The term "circus" refers to
the circular junction of intersecting streets.
Piccadilly Circus is ablaze with lights in the evening. It
features a lovely fountain of Eros at its centre called the
Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain.
The Plaza was established in 1819 to connect two of
London's largest arteries: Regent Street and Piccadilly
Street. Today, it is one of the busiest intersections in
London England

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The Royal Albert Hall in London England is a
premiere venue for concerts and the performing arts. This
famous hall was originally opened in 1871 by Queen
Victoria and named after Prince Albert.
The Royal Alberta Hall is situated in the London borough of
Westminster just south of Kensington Gardens.
Landmarks in London
St. Paul's Cathedral is one of London England's top
tourist attractions. The elegant structure was designed by
Sir Christopher Wren and constructed in the 17th
century. Ornate baroque architecture was combined with
Greek style columns to create London's most beloved
building.
From the viewing gallery at the top, visitors can enjoy a
wonderful view of the London skyline. Many famous
Britons, including Sir Christopher Wren, are buried in this
famous London cathedral.

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Tower Bridge is one of London England's most well
known landmarks. Opened in 1894, this hydraulic bridge
can be raised to permit river traffic to pass underneath.
Visitors to Tower Bridge can enjoy wonderful views of the
River Thames from the bridge towers. There is also a
museum which explain how the bascule bridge operates
and discusses its history
Landmarks in London
The Tower of London is a well known landmark in
London England that dates back one thousand
years. Formerly used as a prison, the Tower of London
currently houses the Crown Jewels.
The tower is one of the top tourist attractions and is
certainly a "must-see" for all visitors to the city.

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Trafalgar Square is undoubtedly the heart and soul
of London England. It was established to commemorate
Britain's most famous naval hero, Horatio Viscount Nelson,
who died in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Nelson's
Column is located in the centre of this world-famous
square. London's National Gallery Art Museum is located at
Trafalgar Square. Whitehall runs from Trafalgar Square to
Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.
Westminster Abbey is London England's
beloved Gothic abbey that was built in the 13th
century. The Abbey is the resting place for some
of Britain's greatest monarchs, poets and
politicians.
Westminster Abbey is often confused with
Westminster Cathedral, which is located
elsewhere in London. Westminster Abbey is
located in London SW1
Landmarks in London

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London Ceremonies and
Traditions
Changing of the Guard: A hugely popular
spectacle, the Changing of the Guard takes place at
a range of royal locations in and around London
daily during the summer (April-July) and on
alternate days for the rest of the year. There is no
ticketing, so make sure you get there early. Ever
since 1660 Household Troops have guarded the
Sovereign Palaces. The Palace of Whitehall was the
main residence until 1689 and was guarded by the
Household Cavalry (they can still be seen here
today; outside Horse Guards Arch). The court
moved to St James's Palace in 1689 and when
Queen Victoria moved into Buckingham Palace
(1837) the Queen's Guard remained at St James's
Palace and a detachment guarded Buckingham
Palace, as it does today.

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London Ceremonies and
Traditions
Troping color: Often cited as the
ceremonial event of the year, the Trooping the
Colourmarks the 'official' birthday of the
Queen. Her actual birthday is 21st April (see
below) but it is a long-standing tradition to
publicly celebrate her birthday on a summer
day. This tradition dates back to the early 18th
century when the Colours (flags) of the
battalion were carried (Trooped) past soldiers to
reinforce the colours of their regiment so that
they would recognise them in battle. Ever since
1748 this ceremony has also marked the
Sovereign's birthday.

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London Ceremonies and
Traditions
The Queens Birthday gun salute : The Queen usually
celebrates her actual birthday, 21st April, privately, but the
occasion is marked publicly by gun salutes in central London:
there's a 41-gun salute in Hyde Park, a 21-gun salute in Windsor
Great Park and a 62-gun salute at the Tower Of London, all taking
place at midday. The Queen's Birthday Gun Salutes take place on
her actual birthday, ahead of her official birthday in June which is
marked byTrooping the Colour. At Hyde Park the Queen's Birthday
Gun Salute is carried out by the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery
who ride into the park from the north by Marble Arch along North
Carriage Drive, line up abreast and gallop down the parade
ground to roughly opposite the Dorchester Hotel. The Troop itself
arrives at around 11.45am ready to fire the first round at midday.
The guns are then unhooked and the salute is fired off. Duty
performed, the horses gallop back up towards North Carriage
Drive. The band arrives separately and can usually be seen from
about 11.30am.

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London Ceremonies and
Traditions
State Opening of Parliament Dating back to
Medieval London, this spectacular annual ceremony marking
the beginning of the new parliamentary year takes place May
(prior to 2012 it took place in October or November) and
features peers and bishops in traditional robes and a royal
procession involving the State Coach (visible to the public). The
Yeomen of the Guard (royal bodyguards since 1485) are
responsible for searching the cellars of theHouses of
Parliament before the Queen arrives - a duty undertaken ever
since the infamous Gunpowder Plot of 1605 when Guy Fawkes
tried to blow up Parliament. The televised ceremony that
follows takes place in the House of Lords.The proceedings
begin with Black Rod (the Queen's Messenger) calling 250
members of the House of Commons to the House of Lords.

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London Ceremonies and
Traditions
The annual Lord Mayors Show has been taking over
the streets of London for nearly 800 years now. The parade
involves over 6,000 people, bands, over 140 decorated floats,
costumed performers and a gilded State Coach that the Lord
Mayor travels in. If you aren't sick of fireworks by this time (the
show traditionally takes place in November, just after Bonfire
Night), this is possibly the most dangerous and amazing of all
the public shows in the capital. River barges are piled high with
explosives and set adrift on the Thames with several brave
men on board.

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London Ceremonies and
Traditions
Ceremony of the Keys
Every night the Tower of London is locked up by the Chief
Yeoman Warder who, dressed in Tudor uniform, makes his way
to the gates from the Byward Tower at exactly 9.53pm to meet
the Escort of the Key, clad in the familiar Beefeater uniform.
The pair tour the various gates, locking them ceremonially,
before being challenged by a sentry at the Bloody Tower
archway. "Who goes there?" asks the sentry. "The Keys,"
replies the Warder. "Whose keys?" "Queen Elizabeth's Keys."
"Pass Queen Elizabeth's Keys. All's well."

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London Ceremonies and
Traditions
Maundy Money
On Maundy Thursday, the day before Good Friday, the Queen
gives Maundy money to a group of pensioners from one
diocese each year. In the early 20th century, the Royal Maundy
Service occurred at Westminster Abbey, but today the service
and tradition is held in a different church (usually a cathedral)
every year. Westminster Abbey was the site of 2011 Royal
Maundy, while in the Queen's Diamond Jubilee year the event
took place at York Cathedral. The 2013 service is at Christ
Church Cathedral in Oxford.

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Advantages:
 This country has a lot of interesting places.
 You can improve your culture wellknow and
learn different things.
Disadvantages:
 If you want to travel there, you have to
exchange money and it can be a little
expensive.
 There, almost all the stuff is expensive,
so you have to take care of it.

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Glosary.
 Hugely: Extremadamente.
 Roughly: Aproximadamente.
 Parade: Marcha.
 Glided: Bañado en oro.
 Adrift: A la deriva.
 Chief: Capitán.
 Held: Aprisionar.