A sonic boom is a loud noise created by shock waves that form when an aircraft travels faster than the speed of sound. As an aircraft approaches supersonic speed, the sound waves it produces can no longer propagate ahead of it and instead form a conical shock wave that trails behind. This shock wave, known as a sonic boom, is heard on the ground as a loud noise once the shock wave has passed. It is dangerous for pilots to fly at transonic speeds near the sound barrier due to a sudden increase in aerodynamic drag and loss of control experienced as shock waves start to form in front of the aircraft.
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this chapter is nice for us as it is important in my life and please like it or it will be very usefull of you and pls like share comment and plese follow and dowload .
A learning object on factors affecting the speed of travelling waves. The example given in this slideshow is how dolphins use echolocation to detect objects in the ocean.
This learning object briefly explains power intensity and its measurement. It also describes and emphasizes the importance of protecting yourself from high sound levels.
Vivian Tsang- Learning Objects Energy SHM Vivian Tsang
This Learning Objective revolves around the concept of energy in simple harmonic motion. The concept of energy conservation will be discussed and terms such as kinetic energy and potential energy will be used in regards to a simplified version of Newton's Cradle. The submission is in power point format.
A learning object on factors affecting the speed of travelling waves. The example given in this slideshow is how dolphins use echolocation to detect objects in the ocean.
This learning object briefly explains power intensity and its measurement. It also describes and emphasizes the importance of protecting yourself from high sound levels.
Vivian Tsang- Learning Objects Energy SHM Vivian Tsang
This Learning Objective revolves around the concept of energy in simple harmonic motion. The concept of energy conservation will be discussed and terms such as kinetic energy and potential energy will be used in regards to a simplified version of Newton's Cradle. The submission is in power point format.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
2. What is a sonic boom?
Sonic boom: A loud noise caused by the shock
wave created when an aircraft surpasses the
speed of sound (340.29m/s).
Shock waves such as this can also be created from
explosions as seen in the image below.
3. How is a sonic boom created?
• A sonic boom is produced when the sound waves
created by the aircraft can no longer travel fast
enough to propagate away from the plane ahead of
its flight.
• A sonic boom is a shock wave
4. Shock Waves
• Shock Wave: A wave that moves faster
than the speed of sound in a medium.
• Just before the speed of sound is
reached the wave fronts of sound waves
“pile up” in front of the object this is the
sound barrier.
• When the speed of a source exceeds
the speed of sound and the wave fronts
trail behind the source.
• This creates a conical wave (the shock
wave) that fans out behind the object.
5. Did you know??
• It is very dangerous for pilots to fly at the speed of sound
because of the “sound barrier.”
– A piling up of waves in front of the aircraft.
• The sound barrier is a drastic increase in drag and other
aerodynamic effects when an object approaches the sound
barrier.
• This can make
an aircraft
difficult to steer
and/or
accelerate.
