LNOB3_Regional_F2F_Training_v4 26-10-2023.pdf

The project is
supported by the German
Federal Foreign Office
Phase 3 – Leave no one behind!
Mainstreaming Disability in Global and Local Humanitarian Action in Line with the IASC Guidelines on Inclusion
Amplifying changes towards a disability-inclusive
Humanitarian Response: A regional training to
connect and exchange – Day 1

Personality profile
• Get together in pairs of two
• Choose a person that you do not know yet
• Interview each other, preferrably question per
question
• At the end, draw a little sketch of the person
you are interviewing or something that you
associate with this person in the circle at the top
right
• Pin your sheet to the pinboard
Note: feel free to skip questions you don‘t like to
answer

What we do:
Our four project pillars:

•
• Publications
- LNOB Phase 3 (hi-deutschland-projekte.de)

The project is
Mainstreaming Disability in Global and Local Humanitarian Action in Line with the IASC Guidelines on
Inclusion
Understanding Disability

UNDERSTANDING
DISABILITY
24/102
023
1
8

INTRODUCTION
• The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
defines disability as: ‘… an evolving concept that results from the interaction
between persons with impairments and attitudinal and environmental barriers that
hinders their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with
others’.
• Put simply disability can be defined as the relationship between a person’s
impairment and their environment,

Definitions
31/05/2023 20
1.Impairment
An injury, illness, or
congenital condition that
causes or is likely to cause
a loss or difference of
physiological or
psychological function.
An impairment on its own
would not lead to disability
should there be a
completely inclusive and
comprehensively
accessible environment.

Definitions
31/05/2023 21
Disability
A disability is any condition of the body or mind (impairment) that makes it more
difficult for the person with the condition to do certain activities (activity
limitation) and interact with the world around them (participation restrictions).
There are many types of disabilities, such as those that affect a person’s:
• Vision
• Movement
• Thinking
• Remembering
• Learning
• Communicating
• Hearing
• Mental health
• Social relationships

Causes of Impairment
Some of the causes of Impairments can be attributed to
❑ Accidents; it is actually one of the leading causes of impairments
❑ War;
❑ Natural disasters,
❑ Congenital
❑ During child birth, or medical negligence.
NB: There is no guarantee that one can go through life without
acquiring an impairment

24/10/2023
2
3
Causes of Disability

The size of the problem
31/05/2023 25
According to recent statistics from the World Health Organization, at least
16% of the World’s population lives with some form of disability and for the
World Bank, the prevalence of disability is likely to be higher in low-income
countries. [Disability Inclusion overview; World Bank group] and puts the
disability population in the world at 1.5 billion persons. If one goes by the
above assumptions, the table below can be very revealing:
THE BIGGEST MINORITY IN THE WORLD
Country Estimated Population Estimated Disability Population
Nigeria 193,392,517 (According to 2016 Census) 30,942,802
Niger About 27,202,843 people 4,352,454
Cameroon About 27,200,000 4,352,000
Togo About 8,645,000 1,383,200
Democratic Rp Congo About 95,890,000 15,342,400

Models of Disability
31/05/2023 26
• Tragedy and/or Charity Model of Disability
• The tragedy and/or charity model of disability depicts disabled people
as victims of circumstance who are deserving of pity. This, along with
the medical model, are the models most used by non- disabled people
to define and explain disability.
• Medical Model of Disability
• The medical model of disability is presented as viewing disability as a
problem of the person, directly caused by disease, trauma, or other
health condition which therefore requires sustained medical care
provided in the form of individual treatment by professionals.

Models of Disability
31/05/2023 27
Affirmation Model of Disability (Social Model)
The affirmation model of disability is essentially a non- tragic view of disability and
impairment which encompasses positive social identities, both individual and
collective, for disabled people grounded in the benefits of lifestyle and life experience
of being impaired and disabled. This view has arisen in direct opposition to the
dominant personal tragedy model of disability and impairment, and builds on the
liberatory imperative of the social model.
Human Rights Based Model of Disability
From the mid 1980's enacted legislation which embraced rights-based discourse and
seeks to address the issues of social justice and discrimination. The legislations
embraced the shift from disability being seen as an individual medical problem to it
instead being about community membership and fair access to social activities such as
employment, education and recreation.

There are too many barriers in our attitudes and environment
that frustrates daily living for persons with disabilities.
Knowledge in these barriers is a sure way of defining policies
and actions that remove the challenges as a bid to promote
the full and meaningful participation of persons with
disabilities in an inclusive world
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023
2
8

Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Key Points of the
UNCRPD
The purpose of the present Convention is to promote, protect and
ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and
fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to
promote respect for their inherent dignity.
Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term
physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which in
interaction with various barriers may hinder their full and effective
participation in society on an equal basis with others.
Article:1 PURPOSE

DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
“Discrimination on the basis of disability”
Means any distinction, exclusion or restriction on the basis of disability
which has the purpose or effect of impairing or nullifying the recognition,
enjoyment or exercise, on an equal basis with others, of all human rights
and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or
any other field. It includes all forms of discrimination, including denial of
reasonable accommodation
“Communication”
includes languages, display of text, Braille, tactile communication, large
print, accessible multimedia as well as written, audio, plain-language,
human-reader and augmentative and alternative modes, means and
formats of communication, including accessible information and
communication technology;

“Language”
includes spoken and signed languages and other forms of non
spoken languages
“Reasonable accommodation”
Means necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not
imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where needed in a
particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment
or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and
fundamental freedoms

“Universal Design”
Means the design of products, environments, programmes and
services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent
possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design.
“Universal design” shall not exclude assistive devices for
particular groups of persons with disabilities where this is
needed.

ARTICLE 3-8
❖ Brings out the General Principles of this Convention, while stating the obligations of
all parties.
❖ It Equally highlights the value of equality and non-discrimination on the basis of
disability and put in front the place of Reasonable Accommodation to enhance the
performance of Persons of Persons with disabilities in Human existence.
❖ It also bring to spotlight, the particularities of Women and Girls with Disabilities,
who face multiple discrimination and reflects on the rights of Children with
Disabilities to enjoy all that pertains to childhood.
❖ Very importantly, this convention indicates the relevance of Awareness raising by
all parties to mitigate the effects of negative attitudes and environmental barriers
on people with disabilities

Article 11: Situation of Risk and
Humanitarian Emergencies
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States Parties shall take, in accordance with their obligations
under international law, including international humanitarian law
and international human rights law, all necessary measures to
ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in
situations of risk, including situations of armed conflict,
humanitarian emergencies and the occurrence of natural
disasters

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5
THIS LIFE CANNOT BE COMPLETE WITHOUT PERSONS
WITH DISABILITIES

The Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action
• launched at the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) by a multi-stakeholder
coalition of Member States, United Nations agencies, organizations of persons with
disabilities (DPOs), international & civil society organizations
• demonstrates willingness to enhance the effective inclusion and participation of
persons with disabilities and OPDs across the humanitarian system.
• in line with international humanitarian law and human rights law, including the UN
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
• Not a legally binding document
• Starting point for many tools and standards

• There is no dedicated UN agency with a mandate for persons with disabilities
(such as UNICEF for children or UN Women for women)
• At global coordination level, there is currently no formalized coordination body
for disability inclusion.
• The Disability Reference Group (DRG) is an informal body (“group of friends”)
that coordinates actors dedicated to disability inclusion in humanitarian action

Reference Group on
Inclusion of Persons
with Disabilities in
Humanitarian Action
• Platform for fostering
collaboration among
UN Agencies,
(I)NGOs and DPOs
• Connecting with
broader coordination
mechanisms
• Keeping the sector
informed about major
developments
Visit: Reference Group on
Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in
Humanitarian Action | International
Disability Alliance

You can join the DRG by filling
this google form.
Contact: rg.disabilityinclusion@
gmail.com
Terms of Reference of the DRG
Mechanisms for Engagement

• At country level disability inclusion often sits with
the Protection cluster, although it does usually not
have the same priority as other protection topics.
• In some countries where organizations such as HI or
CBM have taken a strong leadership role for disability
inclusion, dedicated Task Forces or Working Groups
(often under the Protection cluster) have been
established, for example in Bangladesh.
• Having one entity or organization that serves as a
catalyst to start raising the topic of disability inclusion
is often a precondition to mainstreaming disability
inclusion in the wider humanitarian response.

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Occurrence of the word "disability/ disabilities" in
Nigeria HRPs (2018 - 2023)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Cameroon HRPs (2018 - 2023)

0
50
100
150
200
250
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
DRC HRPs (2018 - 2023)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Niger HRPs (2018 - 2023)

• A total of 55 references to disability in the 2023 HNO (100 pages) and 63 references
in the 2023 HRP (130 pages).
• CBM Disability Inclusion Assessment (2022) cited in the 2023 HNO.
• Specific references to children with disabilities in the 2023 HNO (education,
nutrition).
• CBM mentioned in the 2023 HRP to support the humanitarian community in
mainstreaming disability inclusion in humanitarian action.
• But no prevalence of persons with disabilities in the 2023 HNO (and 15% global
estimate used in the 2023 HRP).
=> We see a progress in Cameroon on the quality of disability-related data and
anchoring of disability as a cross cutting issue in humanitarian coordination. But
anchoring the topic in humanitarian response and coordination still very much
depends on the related activities of CBM is not yet an “automatism”.

Introduction to
IASC Guidelines on
Disability Inclusion
in Humanitarian
Action

IASC
• UN Organization
• Mandated for improvement of coordination between UN
agencies and other humanitarian actors (global level)
IASC Guidelines on the Inclusion of
Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian
Action (2019)
• First humanitarian guidelines to be developed with and
by persons with disabilities / OPDs in association
with humanitarian actors
• „Framework“ for Inclusive Humanitarian Action
https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/iasc-task-team-inclusion-
persons-disabilities-humanitarian-action/documents/iasc-guidelines
IASC-Guidelines – Background

Background
• Guidelines originated with the Charter on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities
in Humanitarian Action launched at the 2016 World Humanitarian Summit in
Istanbul.
• Reflected the Task Team's commitment to UN-CRPD Article 4.3 and the principle of
"Nothing about us, without us".
• The IASC Guidelines are built on other tools such as ADCAP and Revised
Sphere Standards
• The Guidelines are a key contribution of the humanitarian sector to the United
Nations Disability Inclusion Strategy (UNDIS) that the United Nations Secretary
General launched in June 2019

IASC-Guidelines - Four Objectives

Who are the IASC Guidelines for?
Governments; humanitarian leadership; cluster/sector
leads; donors; organizations of persons with disabilities
(OPDs).
… involved in policymaking,
coordination, programming
and funding
… seeking processes and
recommendations for
including persons with
disabilities
Humanitarian actors…
Stakeholders including…

IASC Guidelines:
What are they about?
Protection of rights of
persons with disabilities in
situations of risk and
humanitarian crisis
First global, system-wide,
inter-agency guidelines
developed with and by
persons with disabilities
Practical actions and
guidance to effectively
plan, implement and
monitor humanitarian
action inclusive of persons
with disabilities – in all
phases and sectors
Place persons with
disabilities at the centre of
humanitarian action as
actors and as members of
affected population

Structure of the IASC
Guidelines
• Introduction / Background
• What you need to know: Key terms
and definitions
• Key approaches to
programming along the four (4)
Must Do Actions
• Response options including CVA
• Stakeholders and Responsibilities
• Sector specific guidance for 8
sectors
• Annexe including examples for
disability- specific indicators

IASC Guidelines:
Stakeholders & Responsibilities
Designed for the use by actors involved in
policymaking, coordination, programming
and funding
Chapter 9: roles and responsibilities of
different stakeholders
1. Governments
2. Emergency/Resident Coordinator,
Humanitarian Country Team
3. Cluster & Sector Leads
4. Programmers (in humanitarian and
development organizations)
5. Donors
6. Organizations of Persons with
Disabilities (OPDs)

IASC-Guidelines: Sector-specific guidance on:
• Camp Coordination and Camp Management
• Education
• Food Security and Nutrition
• Livelihoods
• Health
• Protection
• Shelter and settlements
• WASH
• (CVA as modality under response options)

IASC Guidelines: Key approaches to programming

Equitable access, protection, meaningful
participation
Interventions for the whole affected
population
All interventions must consider the
requirements of all persons (including
those with disabilities) across the
programme cycle
Targeted Interventions for specific parts
of the population
Address specific requirements of
persons with disabilities by
providing targeted interventions

IASC Guidelines:
4 Must Do Actions
1) Promote meaningful
participation of persons with
disabilities and their representative
organizations
2) Remove barriers
3) Empower persons with
disabilities and support them to
develop their capacities
4) Disaggregate data for monitoring
inclusion

1. Key actions for meaningful
participation
Enable persons with disabilities to participate
in all processes that assess, plan, design,
implement, monitor or evaluate humanitarian
programs, in all phases and at all levels.
Recruit persons with disabilities as staff at all
levels of humanitarian organizations, including as
front-line workers and community mobilizers.
Seek advice and collaborate
with organizations of persons with
disabilities (OPDs) when you devise strategies
for engaging with persons with disabilities in
an affected community.

10/26/2023 74
Meaningful participation
Source: IDA, 2022: Applying CRPD standards to programmatic processes: A look at inclusive programming in practice

2. Key actions for removal of barriers
Identify all attitudinal, environmental
and institutional barriers that prevent persons
with disabilities from accessing
humanitarian programs and services.
Identify enablers that facilitate the participation of
persons with disabilities.
Take appropriate measures to remove
barriers and to promote enablers, to ensure that
persons with disabilities have access to assistance
and can participate meaningfully
75
© Calixte Capo for CBM

Barriers and enablers to the inclusion of persons
with disabilities in humanitarian action
76

Barriers and enablers to the
inclusion of persons with disabilities
in humanitarian action
Attitudinal barriers: Prejudice, discrimination and stigma
Environmental/Physical barriers: physical obstacles in the
environment
Institutional barriers: policies, procedures, or
situations that systematically disadvantage certain
groups of people
Communication and information barriers: unaccessible
information and communication
77

3. Key actions to empower people with disabilities
Develop the capacities of persons with
disabilities and OPDs in the field of
humanitarian action - with the knowledge,
skills and leadership skills they need to
contribute to and benefit from humanitarian
assistance and protection.
Build the capacity of humanitarian workers
to design and implement inclusive
humanitarian programs that are accessible to
Strengthen their understanding of the
rights of persons with disabilities, as well
as principles and practical approaches that
promote inclusion and reduce barriers to
inclusion.
Strenghten their understanding of OPDs and
collaboration with OPDs
78

4. Key actions to Disaggregate data for monitoring
inclusion
Where data is unavailable, humanitarian
stakeholders, in partnership with OPDs, should
collect data on sex, age and disability using a variety
of tools tested in humanitarian contexts including the
Washington Group Short Set of Disability Questions
and the UNICEF-Washington Group Child
Functioning Module
→ Disaggregating data by sex, age and disability
makes it possible to develop appropriate indicators and
use them to monitor the inclusion of persons with
disabilities in all phases of humanitarian action.
79
© Calixte Capo for CBM

Project
Cycle
A
ssess
M
o
n
i
t
o
r
E
v
a
l
u
a
t
e
Think of applying the key
actions throughout the
project cycle:
More on this on day 2 and 3 …

Twin-track approach in action
Hygiene Promotion Project
Interventions for the
whole affected
population?
Targeted interventions?
• Accessible, safe and
easy to reach locations
• Interpreters available at
distribution centres
• Information and
materials designed to be
delivered in multiple
formats (e.g. narrated,
braille, pictoral, includes
characters with
disabilities, women,
children etc.)
• Specific trainings for women
with disabilities on access to
hygiene promotion/
communication
• Capacity building workshops
for persons with disabilities
to become hygiene
promoters
• Specific sanitary items for
persons with physical
disabilities

Check in on your experiences on the IASC
guidelines
Can you apply the 4 Must Do Actions?
What do the IASC guidelines suggest?
Inclusive Food Security and Nutrition Project
• On short-notice, you have to implement a disability-inclusive response to target the Food Security
needs of 6 rural communities affected by severe flooding, which has destroyed most field crops
and reduced the number of livestock. The populations consists of approximately 3500 individuals.
• Planned interventions include food distribution, establishment of community-gardens in areas
which are not likely to be affected by future flooding and capacity building activities (protective
measures against flooding, diversification of crops).
• People with disabilities are affected above average by the catastrophe, because many of them
belong to poorer households and have their homes in an unpopular areas close to the river.
• You know that a regional OPD has an office in one of the communities, but you don’t know much
about them and they were until now not engaged or consulted in the response.
• The local authority coordinates the response and has requested your support. Sub-national Food
Security cluster is in place.

guidelines
Can you apply the 4 Must Do Actions?
What do the IASC guidelines suggest?
1) Brainstorming: How will you ensure that people with disabilities are
equally benefitting from the response and the Food Security related recovery
activities?
Think of the 4 Must Do Actions, and what you have learned in the pre-read. Each
group member should come up with at least one suggestion. (5-10 min)
2) Then, look at the sector-specific chapter in the IASC guidelines – do you find new
ideas under recommended actions? Do you think they are helpful and realistic?
Which action do you consider most important?
Collect your answers on moderation cards.

guidelines, links for group work
• IASC Guidelines: IASC Guidelines
Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities
in Humanitarian Action (in English)
• IASC Guidelines: Directives du CPI -
Intégration Des Personnes
Handicapées dans L’action
Humanitaire (en français)
26/10/2023 84

Additional materials
Learning Materials - LNOB
Phase 3 (hi-deutschland-
projekte.de)
To access free courses on
https://www.disasterready.org you
must create a free account first
26/10/2023 85

The project is

Accessibility
Universal
Access
Reasonable
accommodation
Universal Design
Caters for majority
Supporting those with Similar
Accessibility Needs
Tailored
reasonable
accomodation

• Universal design advocates for the design of products, environments,
programmes and services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent
possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. (not
specific for persons with disabilities!)
• Accessibility is a precondition of inclusion: in its absence, persons with
disabilities cannot be included. It involves proactively ensure accessibility
for persons with disabilities on a broader level rather than reactively in
response to identified specific needs.
• Reasonable Accommodation tends to be more reactive and refers to
modifications or adjustments made for specifically identified requirements
in order to give (tailored) access in a particular context.

Quick Brainstorming Session: Let‘s think of
something that is an example for...
1.) Universal Design
2.) Accessibility
3.) Reasonable Accommodation

Principles of Universal Design - The 7 Principles:
Principle 1: Equitable Use.
Principle 2: Flexibility in Use.
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use.
Principle 4: Perceptible Information.
Principle 5: Tolerance for Error.
Principle 6: Low Physical Effort.
Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use.

Reasonable
Accommodation
Accessibility
• Specific to an individual
• Temporary
• Needs to be reviewed
• On request and has to be
assessed against criteria and
negotiated
• Immediate realisation: duty-
bearers obligation to ensure non-
discrimination and equality in
the absence of accessibility
• For everyone with accessibility
requirements
• Permanent
• Needs to be maintained
• General requirement is a systemic,
long-term solution
• Progressive realisation: states can
work progressively to achieve
accessibility over time

Accessibility
“The access of persons with
disabilities, on an equal basis
with others, to the physical
environment, to
transportation, to information
and communications,
including information and
communications technologies
and systems, and to other
facilities and services open or
provided to the public, both in
urban and in rural areas.”
(CRPD, Art. 9).

Reasonable accommodation is the “necessary and appropriate modification
and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where
needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the
enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and
fundamental freedom. => Looking into individual needs
How to identify reasonable accommodation requirements:

Examples of Reasonable Accommodations
• Acquisition of alternate devices, adaptive equipment, or assistive technology
• Provision of alternative parking arrangements
• Alteration of available facilities to be physically accessible and usable
• Provision of an alternative format of work material ( such as braille, Doc,Pdf)
• Provision of qualified reader, writer, sign language interpreter, or other assistants
(upon request)
• Modification to policy, procedure, rule, or practice
• Permission for part-time or modified work schedule
• Provision of an alternative work area (e.g., primarily home-based)
• Permission for an extended medical leave

• Consider provision of Assistive Devices
• Consider transport support for persons with
disabilities to join meetings
• Consider home visits (e.g., for distributions,
Key Informant Interviews etc.)
• Sign language interpretation is key for the
participation of persons with hearing
impairment (quite often this role is also
covered by care givers/ relatives)
• Budget for Accessibility Audits (to be done
in collaboration with OPDs) Average budget
for inclusive programmes:
Min 3 – 7% of total budget

Various Checklists related to accessibility of meetings and events (CBM)
https://participation.cbm.org/supporting-material/checklists
Useful Resources:

16 minimum requirements for building
accessible shelters (CBM)
Useful Resources:

All Under one Roof /
Un même toit pour tous
(IFCR, HI, CBM):
• English version
• French version
Useful Resources:

Digital Accessbility Toolkit/ Boîte à
outils de l’accessibilité numérique
• English version
• French version
Useful Resources:

The project is
Inclusion

Learning and action loop for strengthening
disability inclusion
26/10/2023 109
Strengthening
disability
inclusion

Group Exercise -
Why do you
want to collect
data on
disability?
What
information do
you want to
know?
Where can
you find this
information?
When/how will
you use the
data?
26/10/2023 110

26/10/2023 114
The Washington Group

•
•
•
•
26/10/2023 115

The Washington Group – What is it?
•
•
•
•
26/10/2023 116

Overview of WGSSQ
What is WGSSQ Advantages Limitation When to use it
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
26/10/2023 117

Sample of data collection template
26/10/2023 120

Analysing disability data
26/10/2023 121

Analysing disability data
26/10/2023 122

Simple steps to analysing disability data
26/10/2023 123
1. Inputting data
2. Exporting data
3. Cleaning the data set
4. Calculating the cut-off point
5. Determining disability prevalence

Flowchart - Example
26/10/2023 124

Group Exercise
•
26/10/2023 125

WHY do we need more qualitative data?
“[…] multiple respondents highlighted that successful advocacy on using the Washington
Group questions in assessments had in some cases led to measuring disability prevalence
becoming an end in itself. This does not necessarily lead to a better understanding of the
access challenges or specific needs people with disabilities face in each setting, or how they
are coping with them.”
Many of these issues are linked to the types of knowledge that humanitarian assessment and
analysis processes tend to promote. More broadly, multiple actors […] highlighted as a major
problem the fact that quantitative data from surveys and other sources tend to be
overwhelmingly privileged as the main source of information feeding into humanitarian
needs analysis.
As a result of this bias, qualitative research on complex issues that surveys simply cannot
address […] is often relegated to secondary importance.”
Lough, O., Barbelet, V. and Njeri, S. (2022) Inclusion and exclusion in humanitarian action: findings from a three-year study.

Quick Brainstorming: Which (humanitarian) tools/approaches come to your mind
where QUALITATIVE data is collected?

Quick Brainstorming: Which (humanitarian) tools/approaches come to your mind
where QUALITATIVE data is collected?
Post-
Distribution
Monitoring Accessibility
Audit
Rapid Needs
Assessment (Real-Time)
Evaluations
Rapid Assistive
Technology
Assessment
Inclusive
Feedback &
Reporting
Mechanisms
Barriers &
Enablers
Assessment

• Barriers & Enablers Assessment
• Accessibility Audits
• Access to assistive technology (rATA)
• Inclusive Post Distribution Monitoring
• Inclusive Feedback & Reporting
Mechanisms

Barriers & Enablers Assessment
A barriers and enablers analysis is a participatory methodology used for
investigating why people do not have access to certain (humanitarian) services,
processes and systems through exposing the barriers they face and developing
solutions to overcome these barriers.
A barriers and enablers assessment can be done for a certain sector or more
generally.
Following the UN-CRPD, there are three types of barriers:
• Attitudinal barriers
• Environmental barriers
• Institutional barriers

•
•
•
•

Type of Barrier Barrier
Solution
(Enabler)
Environmental Barriers
Attitudinal Barriers
Institutional Barriers

Access to assistive technology
• Access to assistive technology (AT) is key for
• In humanitarian crisis many persons with
disabilities may have lost their assistive devices.
Needs for assistive devices usually also rise in
humanitarian crisis (e.g., after an earthquake or
in a conflict).
• WHO estimates that only 1 in 10 people globally
have access to the AT they need.

Rapid Assistive Technology Assessment
• Despite the importance of AT, surveys about
health or disability rarely include questions about
AT to inform decision-making.
• The rATA aims to address that gap by providing a
simple tool to determine answers to the most
basic – yet important – AT questions.
• The rATA is designed as a stand-alone tool but
where required it can be also incorporated in
other surveys.
English Version
French Version

Rapid Assistive Technology Assessment – Case Study Bangladesh
In 2021, REACH, in partnership with CBM Global, and with financial support from
the World Health Organisation (WHO) has conducted the rATA survey among the
Rohingya population living in camps in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Main Findings:
• Overall 11% of individuals reportedly use assistive products.
• The most commonly used products were spectacles, axillary elbow crutches
and chairs for the shower/bath/toilet.
• Assistive products were reportedly predominantly sourced from Non-
Governmental Organisations (NGOs).
• The main barriers for accessing assistive products were a lack of support,
product unavailability and being unable to afford products.

Post Distribution Monitoring (PDM)
• PDM is usually done by most organizations
following the distribution of in-kind items,
cash or vouchers.
• PDM assesses how the distribution related
activities was perceived by the target group
and provides the beneficiaries with a
structured opportunity for feedback.
• Specific questions in the PDM will allow you
to also understand how accessible and
inclusive your distribution process has been.
• Persons with disabilities have to be included
as respondents in the PDM process.

• Inclusive community feedback and
reporting mechanisms are one way in
which we can draw on the wide range
of experiences, capacities, and
perspectives of communities affected
by natural or man-made disasters and
listen and respond to their needs,
concerns, and priorities.
• By maintaining a trusted and
responsive feedback and reporting
system, we seek to integrate
continuous learning and improvement
into our organisational culture.

Help desks
Not suitable for persons with visual or certain mobility impairments if they
cannot physically access the location.
Feedback discussions
& community
meetings
• Yes, if a diverse range of processes and facilitation methods are used to
encourage participation from diverse groups.
• Use images, easy-to-read, braille and sign language interpretation.
• Check if venue is physically accessible with accessibility audit. Ask participants
beforehand if they need something for accessibility or reasonable
accommodation and provide it accordingly (persons with difficulty moving
may require assistance to get there).
Physical (face-to-
face) surveys Yes
Online surveys May not be suitable for people with visual impairments if they don’t have
computer skills and relevant technology.
Telephone surveys Not suitable for persons who have severe speech impairment or who are deaf or
non-verbal.

One-to-one
interviews
Yes
Local radio Not suitable for persons who are deaf.
Voice recorders
Not suitable for persons who have severe speech impairment or who are deaf or
non-verbal.
Feedback boxes Not suitable for people with visual or mobility impairments.
Telephone hotlines
(voice calls)
Not suitable for persons with hearing or speech impairments or deaf people.
SMS or WhatsApp Yes
Office walk-in hours May not be suitable for persons with mobility or visual impairments.
Social media and
email
May not be suitable for people with visual impairments if they don’t have
computer skills and relevant technology.

Accessibility Audit
• An access audit gives a picture of the level
of accessibility in a building or of an
environment, detects points of good and
poor access and identifies areas of need
that are not catered for. If followed up and
put into practice improved accessibility is of
benefit for everyone.
• Persons with different types of
impairments to be involved in the process.
• The scope of the assessment and the standards against which access will be
assessed should be confirmed prior to the audit.
• In humanitarian settings usually done for shelter, WASH facilities, schools,
and health facilities.

NETTDeP Overview in Nigeria
• The North East Transition To Development Project (NETTDEP) is funded
by German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development.
• The project aims to strengthen the resilience of vulnerable communities in
North-eastern Nigeria by building inclusive Food Security and Livelihood
Support, WASH services and GBV/SGBV/DBV measures.
• The project is implemented by four partners (GECHAAN, JPRM, TAIMAKO
and GREENCODE) across Taraba, Adamawa, Borno and Yobe states
• Total Budget 3 Mio. €.
• Project duration: October 2022 – September 2026,
• The project aims to reach at least 59,085 (50% female, 50% male) direct
beneficiaries.
26/10/2023 150

Applying twin track approach in humanitarian
action
Mainstreaming Persons with
disability Targeting Persons with disabilities
26/10/2023 151

Accessible Hand
Pump Borehole
26/10/2023 152

Accessible Solar
Powered Borehole
26/10/2023 153

Training of community artisan’s on borehole
repairs & maintenance.
26/10/2023 154

The rehabilitation of women and girls safe space
and construction of walk way
26/10/2023 155

Provision of poultry birds, feeds, drinkers, feeders and
housing to 400 selected vulnerable households.
26/10/2023 156

Redemption of
Livestock's and
feeds using Cash
Voucher
26/10/2023 157

Training of 400 Pregnant & Lactating Mothers on
Nutritious Meal (Tom-Brown)
26/10/2023 158

Homestead
Gardened
Beneficiaries
26/10/2023 159

Provision of farm implements and improved variety
seedlings to 400 wet and dry season farmers.
26/10/2023 160

VSLA Training for
Beneficiaries of Poultry,
Livestock's & Farmers.
26/10/2023 161

Key Achievements of LNOB 3 in Nigeria
• Support the establishment of Disability Working Group for
Borno, Yobe and Adamawa states in Nigeria.
• Support JONAPWD in setting up a coordination structure
among all cluster leads.
• Provide a platform for JONAPWD on active participation in
coordination meetings and working groups (WASH, GBV,
MHPSS & FSS)
• Capacity building for INGO’s, NNGO’s and CSO’s on disability
inclusion to inform a better programming.
26/10/2023 162

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What are extra costs?
Indirect costs: Foregone income of people
with disabilities and of family members
providing support and care.
Direct costs:
• Higher cost on general expenditures, like
health care, transportation, food.
• Extra costs on disability specific things, e.g.
personal assistance, assistive technology,
sign language interpretation, etc.

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The project is

The project is
Inclusion
Engagement of Organisations of Persons with
Disabilities (OPDs) in humanitarian action

SUMMARY
1. What are OPDs?
2. What is the roles of OPDs in
humanitarian action?
3. How should humanitarian
actors engage with OPDs?
4. What are barriers to the active
involvement of OPDs ?
26/10/2023 198

DEFINITION OF OPDs (1/4)
Definition of an OPD
• Organization of Persons with Disabilities
• Civil Society Organization, led/governed
by persons with disabilities.
• The majority of the members of an OPD
are people with disabilities.
• Some OPDs include only persons with
disabilities with the same type of
disability; others include several types of
disability.
• Some OPDs bring together disabled
people of the same sex (association of
visually impaired women), or of the same
age
26/10/2023 200

Types of OPD
▪ Categorical organizations (organizations of people with the same
type of disability); example: organization of hearing-impaired
persons; organization of albino people...
▪ Organizations of persons with disabilities in a territory (several/all
types of disabilities taken into account);
▪ Organizations of persons with disabilities including family members
or relatives...
▪ Federation, network, coalition of OPDs.
26/10/2023 201

Key characteristics of an OPD
An OPD must be legitimate, credible, representative and
effective. It must therefore:
▪ Be led by persons with disabilities; be well structured;
▪ Act as a self-adherence structure;
▪ Have the statutory texts and respect them (democratic
selection of leaders and respect for mandates);
▪ Have legal recognition;
▪ Have strategic and operational policies and
documents to guide its actions;
▪ Be motivated by a primary objective to promote the
rights of persons with disabilities, women and men,
girls and boys, in accordance with the CRPD
Discussion à Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh © CBM

Roles and Responsibilities of OPDs
▪ Advocate for persons with disabilities and promote their rights;
▪ Advocating for CRPD implementation
▪ Collaborate with governments, civil society organizations (national or international)
to facilitate the inclusion of persons with disabilities in policies, programs/projects
and budgets;
▪ Support persons with disabilities, members and non-members, in the
implementation of empowerment or other activities/projects;
▪ Build the capacity of persons with disabilities or other OPDs on the CRPD or other
topics;
▪ Raise awareness among communities about the rights of persons with disabilities.

ROLE OF OPDs IN
HUMANITARIAN
ACTION

ROLE OF OPDs IN
HUMANITARIAN
ACTION (1/3)
Organizations of persons with disabilities are
created with the aim of finding solutions and
improving the conditions of persons with
disabilities and their families/relatives in all
situations. In humanitarian situation their role is
very important. When the OPDs exist in the
area, they could:
• Provide useful information on the
whereabouts and situation of persons with
disabilities, barriers to their access to
humanitarian assistance, threats to them,
violations of their rights, etc.

▪ Provide technical support to humanitarian organizations on disability,
including through awareness-raising, identifying and removing barriers,
facilitating access to resources, building capacity for inclusive
humanitarian action, protecting and promoting rights, and reducing the
disproportionate impact of crises on persons with disabilities.
▪ Act as a relay point on disability within their communities, thus putting their
expertise on disability at the service of others. disproportionate crises on
people with disabilities.
ROLE OF OPDs IN HUMANITARIAN ACTION (2/3)

▪ Provide targeted services to people with disabilities, often through peer
support programs.
▪ Encourage government officials and humanitarian stakeholders to
increase their knowledge of disability, change and review policies, reform
legal frameworks or adopt tools and processes that strengthen
humanitarian protection and assistance for persons with disabilities during
crises.
ROLE OF OPDs IN HUMANITARIAN ACTION (3/3)

COLLABORATION
WITH OPDs (1/9)
Collaboration improves the effectiveness and
accountability of humanitarian action.
In line with the disability community's slogan
of "Nothing about us without us" humanitarian
actors need to work with persons with
disabilities and the organizations that
represent them, rather than making plans and
decisions on their behalf.
As with any other partnership, common
interests, as well as added value,
expectations and capacity building must be
agreed from the outset.

Collaborations between OPDs and humanitarian stakeholders
before, during and after a crisis:
▪ Enable humanitarian actors to have access to the expertise and
experiences of persons with disabilities, as well as their
knowledge of the situations they face;
▪ Generate skills and knowledge that can make humanitarian
assistance and services more inclusive, informed and supported
by the populations concerned;
▪ Promote mutual knowledge and understanding;
▪ Build capacity and encourage mutual learning between DPOs and
humanitarian actors;
COLLABORATION WITH OPDs (2/9)

Collaborations between DPOs and humanitarian stakeholders
before, during and after the crisis:
▪ Ensure continuity of action, as DPOs maintain their activity after
the end of the crisis or disaster;
▪ Strengthen the buy-in of the population and unite it around
common needs and problems;
▪ Improve advocacy for the protection of displaced persons with
disabilities.

Collaboration with OPDS has to be based on the “ 4 Must Do
Actions”
• #
• 4 MUST DO ACTIONS
• DETAILED ACTION
# 4 MUST DO
ACTIONS
DETAILED ACTIONS
01 Promote
meaningful
participation of
persons with
disabilities and
their
representative
organizations
- Identify OPDs (Check with local government/authorities about
registered OPDs; or with regional/national network; Contact
specialized organizations like HI or CBM to get contact details of
OPDs; Ask people in the community if they know about OPDs);
- Ensure meaningful participation of OPDs in all processes of
needs assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring or
evaluation of humanitarian programmes, at all phases and levels;
- Recruit Persons with Disabilities as staff
- Seek advice and collaborate with Organisations of Persons with
Disabilities (OPDs)
02 Remove barriers - Identify together with OPDs the elements that block or
promote their participation and the collaboration;
- Take actions to eliminate barriers and promote enablers

• #
• 4 MUST DO ACTIONS
• DETAILED ACTION
# 4 MUST DO
ACTIONS
DETAILED ACTIONS
03 Empower persons
with disabilities
and support them
to develop their
capacities
- Develop the capacities of persons with disabilities and OPDs
on humanitarian action;
- Strengthening the capacity of humanitarian workers to design
and implement inclusive humanitarian programmes .
04 Disaggregate data
for inclusion
tracking
With the support of OPDs and/or disability specialized
organisations (CBM, HI….), elaborate/adapt tools, to
disaggregate data (sex, impairment, age)

Important lessons
▪ At times it will be necessary to work with gender focused or impairment
specific OPDs in order to support them to increase their representation
within the disability movement;
▪ It’s important for Humanitarian Actors to work with OPDs that have a broad
representative base in terms of impairment type, gender, age, etc.
▪ OPD portfolio should include OPDs from global, regional, national and local
levels.
▪ When working on inclusive programmes – it is important to ensure that we
reach out to OPDs that represent women, men, girls and boys with all
impairment types since we are seeking to identify and break down that
various barriers that people with disability are facing in those fields.

Mitigating and managing risks of OPD partnership
▪ OPDs should not receive any favorable treatment to other partners
when managing any red flag or serious issues.
▪ Managing sensitive issues with OPDs may create a higher risk for
organisations in terms of reputational damage given their role as a
primary stakeholder in our work. Transparency and neutrality is
therefore critical to good risk management.
▪ Consider relevant capacity development interventions as a key risk
mitigation strategy and in recognition that OPDs are often made up
purely on a voluntary basis with little access to organisational
development opportunities.

Accountability standards for OPDs
▪ All direct funding partners receive, need to meet a minimum set of
partnership eligibility criteria, so funding may need to be channeled
through non OPD partners at first until OPDs meet the criteria. In
such cases, organisations needs to be aware of the power balance
dynamics and any issues that may arise;
▪ It is important to be realistic about the current capacity of many
OPDs. Organisations need to be flexible in their approach if they are
genuine about their intention to work in partnership with OPDs;
▪ Accountability is a two-way relationship, so organisations should
equally be prepared to be held to account by persons with disability
and their representative organisations.

Key Challenges while working with OPDs
▪ Do not establish OPDs or umbrella/networks if there is no impetus for it
coming from the field/ground;
▪ Depending to the type of OPD, you will only get a partial view of the needs
with all persons with disabilities;
▪ Do not get involved in OPDs politics - it is important to remain neutral in all
times;
▪ Do not support tokenistic engagement with OPDs, but rather support
sustainable partnerships; this ensures continuity of action, as OPDs
continue to operate after the crisis or disaster has ended.

BARRIERS TO
THE ACTIVE
INVOLVEMENT
OF OPDs

BARRIERS TO THE
INVOLVEMENT OF
OPDs (1/1)
Humanitarian Actors
▪ limited knowledge of disability;
▪ sense that disability should be taken care of by
organizations that provide services to people with
disabilities;
▪ discrimination of people with disabilities leading to their
mistrust
Persons with disabilities and OPDs
▪ limited knowledge on humanitarian action and the
coordination system;
▪ lack of OPDs in the area; existing OPDs do not represent
all types of impairment;
▪ leadership conflict between OPDs or networks of OPDs

KEY MESSAGE
FOR THE
COLLABORATION
WITH OPDs

Collaborating with OPDs will help Humanitarian actors to better know and learn a lot
about disability and understand the needs and rights of persons with disabilities in their
diversities. The stakeholders will support each other in term of mutual capacity building,
assess the needs, plan and implement inclusive humanitarian response.
Never under-estimate the capacities organisations of persons with disabilities even the
smallest one that exist in the rural communities.
OPDs are not service providers, but must be seen as partners on an equal level, when
collaborating. Inclusive response might require other technical expertise (Rehab,
medical, on inclusive education etc.)
Long-term partnerships and investment in capacity building for both OPDs and
humanitarian actors are key for a successful, trustful collaboration.
KEY MESSAGE

The project is
Inclusion
Putting your knowledge into practice – group
work on inclusive humanitarian response

The project is
Inclusion
Draft action plans on inclusion of persons with
disabilities in Humanitarian Response by
participants + Expert café

LNOB3_Regional_F2F_Training_v4 26-10-2023.pdf

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