2. Result
So (informal)
It rained, so we didn’t go on an excursion.
As a result (formal) It rained. As a result, we didn’t go on an
excursion.
Therefore (formal) It rained all day long. Therefore, we didn’t
go on an excursion.
Consequently (formal)
3. Reason
Because/as/since We didn’t go on an excursion because it was
raining
As it was raining, we didn’t go on an excursion.
Because of / due to /owing to + noun/ -ing/ the fact that + sentence
Because of the rain, we didn’t go on an excursion.
Because of the fact that it was raining, we didn’t go on an
excursion
4. Purpose
To/in order to/so as to I come to classes to improve
my English
So as not to/in order not to
So that + can /could (different subject) I came to
London so that my children could improve their English.
In case + sentence I am going to take my umbrella in
case it rains.
5. Contrast
But (informal ) I wanted to buy a car, but I didn’t have money.
yet (formal)
however/nevertheless (formal), at the beginning of the sentence, a comma is needed.
I wanted to buy a car. However, I didn’t have money
Although/ even though + a sentence (at the beginning or in the middle)/ though ( in the middle) + a sentence
Although the restaurant was cheap, the food was excellent.
The food was excellent although the restaurant was cheap
In spite of /despite + noun/-ing/ the fact that + sentence
Despite being 85, he’s full of energy
Despite his age, he’s full of energy
Despite the fact that he is 85, he is full of energy
