This document provides examples of linking words used to connect ideas and show relationships between different parts of sentences and paragraphs. It categorizes linking words according to whether they show result, reason, purpose, or contrast and provides examples of how to use each type of linking word in sentences.

1. Linking words

2. Result
So (informal)
It rained, so we didn’t go on an excursion.
As a result (formal) It rained. As a result, we didn’t go on an
excursion.
Therefore (formal) It rained all day long. Therefore, we didn’t
go on an excursion.
Consequently (formal)

3. Reason
Because/as/since We didn’t go on an excursion because it was
raining
As it was raining, we didn’t go on an excursion.
Because of / due to /owing to + noun/ -ing/ the fact that + sentence
Because of the rain, we didn’t go on an excursion.
Because of the fact that it was raining, we didn’t go on an
excursion

4. Purpose
To/in order to/so as to I come to classes to improve
my English
So as not to/in order not to
So that + can /could (different subject) I came to
London so that my children could improve their English.
In case + sentence I am going to take my umbrella in
case it rains.

5. Contrast
But (informal ) I wanted to buy a car, but I didn’t have money.
yet (formal)
however/nevertheless (formal), at the beginning of the sentence, a comma is needed.
I wanted to buy a car. However, I didn’t have money
Although/ even though + a sentence (at the beginning or in the middle)/ though ( in the middle) + a sentence
Although the restaurant was cheap, the food was excellent.
The food was excellent although the restaurant was cheap
In spite of /despite + noun/-ing/ the fact that + sentence
Despite being 85, he’s full of energy
Despite his age, he’s full of energy
Despite the fact that he is 85, he is full of energy