Oggi sono disponibili linguaggi controllati e utilizzati in vari settori per l’inglese, lo svedese, lo spagnolo e il russo. Il fatto che linguaggi controllati in uso per l’italiano siano così difficili da trovare come argomento di studio, è stato uno spunto per approfondire l’argomento.
La ricerca, infatti, vuole cercare di rispondere ad alcune questioni, quali: c’è uno scarso interesse per la creazione di un linguaggio naturale italiano? La grammatica e la morfologia italiana si prestano allo sviluppo di un linguaggio controllato? L’uso dell’inglese in Italia sopperisce a quello dell’italiano nei settori in cui i linguaggi controllati sono utilizzati? Quali sono stati i progressi negli ultimi anni? Un linguaggio controllato in italiano creato nel settore aeronautico può essere utile anche in altri settori?
L’obiettivo del lavoro è stato trovare la risposta a queste domande. Fonti e materiali diversi sono stati confrontati, cercando di evidenziare i punti in comune e sottolineando le caratteristiche comuni come il parser e gli altri sistemi di controllo.
Cristina Valenza ha illustrato il quadro di applicazione dei linguaggi controllati (LC) in Italia a partire dalla su tesi di laurea, con particolare attenzione all’utilità dei LC in traduzione e traduzione automatica.
This document discusses accountability in decentralized education systems. It identifies several challenges with accountability, including determining who is accountable and for what outcomes. The document also outlines different modes of accountability, such as vertical regulatory accountability, horizontal professional accountability, and multiple stakeholder accountability. Finally, it argues that for accountability to be effective, systems need a whole-of-system approach that aligns different accountability pressures, manages knowledge and data, and builds capacity to prioritize competing accountability demands.
The document provides 10 usability tips for designing digital products and services, such as understanding user needs and behaviors, testing designs early and often with users, and organizing information in a way that matches how users think about it in order to improve findability. The tips are presented with images and examples of both good and poor design related to each tip. The overall goal of the tips is to help organizations design engaging and usable digital experiences.
Este documento proporciona información sobre la edición de presentaciones electrónicas en PowerPoint. Explica conceptos básicos como diapositivas, estilos y animación. Detalla los pasos iniciales para crear presentaciones en blanco o con asistente, y aspectos de diseño como el tamaño y orientación de diapositivas. También cubre herramientas para editar diapositivas, texto, imágenes y objetos.
The document contains announcements for several upcoming Christmas-related events at a church, including donating shoeboxes for Operation Christmas Child on December 4th, an informational meeting about Christmas caroling on November 21st, a Ladies Christmas Night Out on December 7th, and an opportunity to help prepare Thanksgiving dinner at Teen Challenge. It also includes a notice about missing nursery pagers and contact information for the church directory and Thanksgiving dinner volunteer coordinator.
A public debate on the attainment targets in FlandersEduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by Sien Van den Hoof from the Flemish Department of Education and Training at the GCES Conference on Governing Governing Education in a Complex World during the second Workshop A on participatory governance in Brussels on 17 October.
Cristina Valenza ha illustrato il quadro di applicazione dei linguaggi controllati (LC) in Italia a partire dalla su tesi di laurea, con particolare attenzione all’utilità dei LC in traduzione e traduzione automatica.
This document discusses accountability in decentralized education systems. It identifies several challenges with accountability, including determining who is accountable and for what outcomes. The document also outlines different modes of accountability, such as vertical regulatory accountability, horizontal professional accountability, and multiple stakeholder accountability. Finally, it argues that for accountability to be effective, systems need a whole-of-system approach that aligns different accountability pressures, manages knowledge and data, and builds capacity to prioritize competing accountability demands.
The document provides 10 usability tips for designing digital products and services, such as understanding user needs and behaviors, testing designs early and often with users, and organizing information in a way that matches how users think about it in order to improve findability. The tips are presented with images and examples of both good and poor design related to each tip. The overall goal of the tips is to help organizations design engaging and usable digital experiences.
Este documento proporciona información sobre la edición de presentaciones electrónicas en PowerPoint. Explica conceptos básicos como diapositivas, estilos y animación. Detalla los pasos iniciales para crear presentaciones en blanco o con asistente, y aspectos de diseño como el tamaño y orientación de diapositivas. También cubre herramientas para editar diapositivas, texto, imágenes y objetos.
The document contains announcements for several upcoming Christmas-related events at a church, including donating shoeboxes for Operation Christmas Child on December 4th, an informational meeting about Christmas caroling on November 21st, a Ladies Christmas Night Out on December 7th, and an opportunity to help prepare Thanksgiving dinner at Teen Challenge. It also includes a notice about missing nursery pagers and contact information for the church directory and Thanksgiving dinner volunteer coordinator.
A public debate on the attainment targets in FlandersEduSkills OECD
This presentation was given by Sien Van den Hoof from the Flemish Department of Education and Training at the GCES Conference on Governing Governing Education in a Complex World during the second Workshop A on participatory governance in Brussels on 17 October.
The youth group is organizing a night at the I-Cubs baseball game on July 12th. Tickets are $8 and those interested should contact Brandon. Additionally, a summer series will begin on July 10th on Wednesday nights and will include topics on child training tips.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de climas, incluyendo el clima mediterráneo que tiene temperaturas cálidas, lluvias otoñales, inviernos cálidos con olas de frío y veranos secos y calurosos; el clima oceánico con precipitaciones abundantes especialmente en invierno y temperaturas estables; el clima semiárido con escasez de precipitaciones y veranos calurosos; el clima de montaña con inviernos fríos, precipitaciones escasas y nieve en invierno y primaver
This document discusses how to create a delightful family by properly disciplining and raising children. It states that foolish children who are not disciplined with love will rob a home of delight. It also notes that failing to discipline children by withholding consequences for wrong actions, striving for their affection over obedience, indulging them, and allowing them to share in parental leadership will cause them to remain foolish. However, disciplining children through loving correction will impart wisdom and bring joy. The key to a delightful family is raising children through boundaries and discipline to love and serve others, not just themselves.
Factors influencing an efficient entrance in higher education - Jo BredaEduSkills OECD
The document discusses factors that influence efficient entrance and success in higher education. It examines several potential tools such as secondary school achievement, entrance exams, tuition fees, quality of study environment, and stronger orientation towards higher education. The document suggests that a combination of tools may be most effective, such as providing information and support to students before and after entering higher education programs.
Tom Waechter, CEO of JDSU, presented at the RBC Capital Tech Conference on June 10, 2010. JDSU aims to execute as a diversified technology company focused on optical and broadband innovation by enabling customer innovation, diversifying its portfolio and customer base, and focusing on profitability and revenue growth. Key highlights included quarterly revenue of $332.9 million, gross margins of 44.1%, and highest non-December quarter operating margin of 6.6%.
This document contains several biblical passages about the unchanging, unshakable, and unstoppable nature of God. It notes that because God does not change, those who trust in Him are blessed. It also states that because God is unshakable, believers in Him are made strong. And finally, it indicates that since God cannot be stopped, Christians cannot stop telling others about Jesus. The document encourages readers to build their lives on the solid foundation of God's word.
OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: SWEDEN Implementing p...EduSkills OECD
Deborah Nusche
Policy Analyst
Education and Training Policy Division
OECD Directorate for Education
The OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes, launched in late 2009, is designed to respond to the strong interest in evaluation and assessment issues evident at national and international levels. It will provide a description of design, implementation and use of assessment and evaluation procedures in countries; analyse strengths and weaknesses of different approaches; and provide recommendations for improvement.
The Review looks at the various components of assessment and evaluation frameworks that countries use with the objective of improving student outcomes. These include student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation. The analysis focuses on primary and secondary levels of education.
The INRIA’s galaxy ADT (Technology Development Action) contributes to make INRIA a value-added player in the SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) arena, by providing an open SOA platform, enabling agility using dynamic architectures. This ADT will work for INRIA and INRIA's research project-teams direct benefit, and aims at pre- assembling technological bricks from various teams, projects and preparing them to be transferred through the open source software channel.
galaxy provides an integrated environment by assembling and leveraging INRIA's open-source technologies. galaxy allows to design, deploy, run, monitor systems, following concepts and paradigms inherited from service- oriented, process and dynamic architectures, and offering a set of management functions for agile and dynamic systems. galaxy technologies are most of them compliant with the Eclipse and the SCA standards.
Key findings from the 2011 edition of Education at a GlanceEduSkills OECD
In the current economic environment:
Continued strong demand for education
Poor labour markets and low opportunity costs for education
Substantial public and private gains from education
Earnings premium for tertiary education remains large and continues to grow:
Public long-term gains from higher education are almost three times the size of the investments
High-level skills key to competitiveness
Comparative cost advantage across OECD countries varies with educational levels
Labour-market entry becomes more difficult
Particularly for young lower educated individuals
Education a good insurance against unemployment and to stay employed especially in weak labour markets:
Educational attainment likely to rise further
Continuing education increasingly important.
Strong performers and successful reformersLessons from PISA - Aurora Illinoi...EduSkills OECD
1) Education systems are shifting from a focus on learning as passive knowledge acquisition to active learning as an engaging activity. Curricula are becoming more learner-centered and diverse rather than uniform.
2) Expenditure per student in tertiary education has risen significantly since 1995. Countries like the United States spend over $25,000 per student while Finland and Japan spend around $15,000 and have high tertiary graduation rates.
3) The presenter will discuss lessons learned from international assessments like PISA about education systems of top performing countries and successful reforming countries.
The document mentions See Stacy Watrous multiple times and provides some website URLs including itunes.apple.com/podcast, www.lifenow.org, and www.lifenowcla.ning.com. It also mentions Candy wanted for the and See Stacy Watrous again.
Machine learning is used widely on the internet for applications like search, recommendations, and social networking. Apache Mahout is an open source machine learning library that provides scalable machine learning algorithms to analyze large datasets. Mahout includes algorithms for recommendations, clustering, classification, and pattern mining. Many Mahout algorithms are implemented using MapReduce to allow them to scale to large datasets on Hadoop. One example is K-means clustering, which is parallelized across MapReduce jobs to iteratively calculate cluster centroids.
This document discusses how Passover and Pentecost demonstrate principles of giving, abundance, and empowerment. It notes that Passover and Pentecost show the principle of giving and abundance. Pentecost in particular symbolizes the power of love. Bible verses from Genesis are included to support concepts around God creating the earth and breathing life into man.
본 보고서에서는 2010년 3월의 금융 업종 온라인 광고 집행 현황을 총정리 해 보았습니다.
광고 집행 현황 및 업종의 월간 이슈와 크리에이티브 트렌드에 대해서 자세히 알 수 있습니다.
※ 게임/스포츠웨어/자동차/전기전자/화장품 업종의 집행 현황 보고서가 시리즈로 작성되었습니다.
A church is announcing the start of a Women's Bible Study program beginning on Wednesday, September 9. They are also advertising an end of summer event called SUMMERbash on August 26 and provide their website and a link to their podcast on iTunes.
The youth group is organizing a night at the I-Cubs baseball game on July 12th. Tickets are $8 and those interested should contact Brandon. Additionally, a summer series will begin on July 10th on Wednesday nights and will include topics on child training tips.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de climas, incluyendo el clima mediterráneo que tiene temperaturas cálidas, lluvias otoñales, inviernos cálidos con olas de frío y veranos secos y calurosos; el clima oceánico con precipitaciones abundantes especialmente en invierno y temperaturas estables; el clima semiárido con escasez de precipitaciones y veranos calurosos; el clima de montaña con inviernos fríos, precipitaciones escasas y nieve en invierno y primaver
This document discusses how to create a delightful family by properly disciplining and raising children. It states that foolish children who are not disciplined with love will rob a home of delight. It also notes that failing to discipline children by withholding consequences for wrong actions, striving for their affection over obedience, indulging them, and allowing them to share in parental leadership will cause them to remain foolish. However, disciplining children through loving correction will impart wisdom and bring joy. The key to a delightful family is raising children through boundaries and discipline to love and serve others, not just themselves.
Factors influencing an efficient entrance in higher education - Jo BredaEduSkills OECD
The document discusses factors that influence efficient entrance and success in higher education. It examines several potential tools such as secondary school achievement, entrance exams, tuition fees, quality of study environment, and stronger orientation towards higher education. The document suggests that a combination of tools may be most effective, such as providing information and support to students before and after entering higher education programs.
Tom Waechter, CEO of JDSU, presented at the RBC Capital Tech Conference on June 10, 2010. JDSU aims to execute as a diversified technology company focused on optical and broadband innovation by enabling customer innovation, diversifying its portfolio and customer base, and focusing on profitability and revenue growth. Key highlights included quarterly revenue of $332.9 million, gross margins of 44.1%, and highest non-December quarter operating margin of 6.6%.
This document contains several biblical passages about the unchanging, unshakable, and unstoppable nature of God. It notes that because God does not change, those who trust in Him are blessed. It also states that because God is unshakable, believers in Him are made strong. And finally, it indicates that since God cannot be stopped, Christians cannot stop telling others about Jesus. The document encourages readers to build their lives on the solid foundation of God's word.
OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education: SWEDEN Implementing p...EduSkills OECD
Deborah Nusche
Policy Analyst
Education and Training Policy Division
OECD Directorate for Education
The OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes, launched in late 2009, is designed to respond to the strong interest in evaluation and assessment issues evident at national and international levels. It will provide a description of design, implementation and use of assessment and evaluation procedures in countries; analyse strengths and weaknesses of different approaches; and provide recommendations for improvement.
The Review looks at the various components of assessment and evaluation frameworks that countries use with the objective of improving student outcomes. These include student assessment, teacher appraisal, school evaluation and system evaluation. The analysis focuses on primary and secondary levels of education.
The INRIA’s galaxy ADT (Technology Development Action) contributes to make INRIA a value-added player in the SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) arena, by providing an open SOA platform, enabling agility using dynamic architectures. This ADT will work for INRIA and INRIA's research project-teams direct benefit, and aims at pre- assembling technological bricks from various teams, projects and preparing them to be transferred through the open source software channel.
galaxy provides an integrated environment by assembling and leveraging INRIA's open-source technologies. galaxy allows to design, deploy, run, monitor systems, following concepts and paradigms inherited from service- oriented, process and dynamic architectures, and offering a set of management functions for agile and dynamic systems. galaxy technologies are most of them compliant with the Eclipse and the SCA standards.
Key findings from the 2011 edition of Education at a GlanceEduSkills OECD
In the current economic environment:
Continued strong demand for education
Poor labour markets and low opportunity costs for education
Substantial public and private gains from education
Earnings premium for tertiary education remains large and continues to grow:
Public long-term gains from higher education are almost three times the size of the investments
High-level skills key to competitiveness
Comparative cost advantage across OECD countries varies with educational levels
Labour-market entry becomes more difficult
Particularly for young lower educated individuals
Education a good insurance against unemployment and to stay employed especially in weak labour markets:
Educational attainment likely to rise further
Continuing education increasingly important.
Strong performers and successful reformersLessons from PISA - Aurora Illinoi...EduSkills OECD
1) Education systems are shifting from a focus on learning as passive knowledge acquisition to active learning as an engaging activity. Curricula are becoming more learner-centered and diverse rather than uniform.
2) Expenditure per student in tertiary education has risen significantly since 1995. Countries like the United States spend over $25,000 per student while Finland and Japan spend around $15,000 and have high tertiary graduation rates.
3) The presenter will discuss lessons learned from international assessments like PISA about education systems of top performing countries and successful reforming countries.
The document mentions See Stacy Watrous multiple times and provides some website URLs including itunes.apple.com/podcast, www.lifenow.org, and www.lifenowcla.ning.com. It also mentions Candy wanted for the and See Stacy Watrous again.
Machine learning is used widely on the internet for applications like search, recommendations, and social networking. Apache Mahout is an open source machine learning library that provides scalable machine learning algorithms to analyze large datasets. Mahout includes algorithms for recommendations, clustering, classification, and pattern mining. Many Mahout algorithms are implemented using MapReduce to allow them to scale to large datasets on Hadoop. One example is K-means clustering, which is parallelized across MapReduce jobs to iteratively calculate cluster centroids.
This document discusses how Passover and Pentecost demonstrate principles of giving, abundance, and empowerment. It notes that Passover and Pentecost show the principle of giving and abundance. Pentecost in particular symbolizes the power of love. Bible verses from Genesis are included to support concepts around God creating the earth and breathing life into man.
본 보고서에서는 2010년 3월의 금융 업종 온라인 광고 집행 현황을 총정리 해 보았습니다.
광고 집행 현황 및 업종의 월간 이슈와 크리에이티브 트렌드에 대해서 자세히 알 수 있습니다.
※ 게임/스포츠웨어/자동차/전기전자/화장품 업종의 집행 현황 보고서가 시리즈로 작성되었습니다.
A church is announcing the start of a Women's Bible Study program beginning on Wednesday, September 9. They are also advertising an end of summer event called SUMMERbash on August 26 and provide their website and a link to their podcast on iTunes.
1. Tesi di Laurea Lingaggi controllati, il caso italiano Cristina Valenza Relatore: Luigi Muzii
2. I linguaggi controllati presentano terminologia e regole sintattiche precise e riducono, fino a rimuoverle, le ambiguità proprie di una formulazione libera come quella dei linguaggi naturali. Sono un sottoinsieme del linguaggio naturale, ristretti nella grammatica e nel lessico. Comprendono un insieme di termini e modelli redazionali scelti accuratamente per aumentare la coerenza dello scritto e ridurre le difficoltà di lettura attraverso il controllo di tutte le caratteristiche della lingua.
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5. Come in tutti I processi di elaborazione dati, anche per la traduzione automatica vale la regola “ Garbage in-Garbage out” Controlled English Version Google translated version Italian version Connections Wireless LAN Your device supports wireless local area network (WLAN). With WLAN, you can connect your device to the internet and compatible devices that have WLAN. For information about using your device with other compatible Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) devices through WLAN, see ‘Home network’, p. 67. To use WLAN, it must be available in the location and your device must be connected to the WLAN. Connessioni LAN senza fili Il dispositivo in uso supporta la rete LAN senza fili (WLAN). Con la WLAN è possibile Connettere il dispositivo un Internet e ai Dispositivi compatibili che supportano questo tipo di rete. Per informazioni sull’utilizzo del dispositivo con altri dispositivi UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) compatibili tramite una rete WLAN, Consultare “Rete domestica”, pag. 74. Per utilizzare una WLAN, é necessário che sia disponibile e occorre connettere ad essa il dispositivo. Connessioni LAN senza fili Il dispositivo in uso supporta la rete LAN senza fili (WLAN). Con la WLAN è possibile Connettere il dispositivo un Internet e ai Dispositivi compatibili che supportano questo tipo di rete. Per informazioni sull’utilizzo del dispositivo con altri dispositivi UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) compatibili tramite una rete WLAN, Consultare “Rete domestica”, pag. 74. Per utilizzare una WLAN, é necessário che sia disponibile e occorre connettere ad essa il dispositivo.
Editor's Notes
I benefici nell'uso di un CL sono molti quando è rikiesta una traduzione.Un testo scritto in CL è meno ambiguo e più facile da tradurre e potrebbe addirittura non richiedere una traduzione. Quando è rikiesta una traduzione, però, l'uso di un CL può diminuire drasticamente i costi grazie all'eliminazione delle ridondanze e a una maggiore uniformità terminologica. In documentazione tecnica, la traduzione influisce non solo sui costi ma anche sul time to market. La semplificazione dei linguaggi controllati non riduce solo la traduzione, ma anche i costi di revisione. La riduzione dei costi di traduzione a seguito dell'uso di un CL dipende, comunque, dalla lingua di arrivo e da quella di partenza.
Il sito web di Acrolinx offre uno strumento per il calcolo del ROI ( Return On Investment , redditività dell’investimento). Grazie a questo strumento possiamo valutare un esempio di come sia possibile ridurre i costi grazie all'utilizzo di questo CAT tool. Acrolinx è disponibile in inglese, tedesco e francese. Altri esempi di strumenti per l'ausilio all'editoria controllata sono Maxit e Easy English.
Come in tutti i processi di elaborazione di dati, anche per la traduzione automatica statistica vale la regola per cui da robaccia si ottiene solo robaccia, e questo dovrebbe indurre a chiedersi quali dati proporre per una traduzione automatica statistica e quale formato si presti tanto per le memorie di traduzione quanto per la traduzione automatica statistica. Per poter utilizzare al meglio la traduzione automatica, è utile pianificare strategie precise per preparare al meglio un testo alla machine translation . L'imput da inserire in uno strumento di traduzione automatica può essere utilizzato al meglio utilizzando un linguaggio controllato. Il rapporto tra input e output può essere manipolato e si possono predisporre strategie per usare i meccanismi automatici: immettendo testi adattati che il sistema è in grado di scomporre, analizzare, trasformare, ossia attraverso i linguaggi controllati. L’apporto che i linguaggi controllati possono portare alla traduzione automatica non si limita solo a ciò che riguarda la terminologia: tanto più i documenti sono sintatticamente semplici, conformi grammaticalmente alle regole predefinite e uniformi per stile alle regole del linguaggio, tanto più efficace è il parsing, si riducono le ambiguità e il documento tradotto automaticamente risulta più leggibile.