Rectilinear propagation of light refers to the property that light travels in a straight line through a homogenous transparent medium without being interrupted. This can be observed through activities using a straight and bent plastic tube, where light from a candle flame can only be seen when looking through the straight tube and not the bent one, demonstrating that light travels in straight lines. Einstein's theory of light being bent by the sun's gravity was verified through observations of stars near the sun during a solar eclipse in 1919.